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Combining top five first-trimester serum biomarkers (total IgM, total IgG, PlGF, aPS IgG, and total IgA) achieved superior predictive value [area under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.983 (0.952\u20131.000), with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94.1%] for PE development compared to PlGF and PlGF\/sFlt-1 independently [AUC and 95% CI 0.825 (0.726\u20130.924) and 0.670 (0.539\u20130.800), respectively].<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We identified novel first-trimester serum biomarkers and developed an effective first-trimester prediction model using immune-related factors and PlGF for PE, which could facilitate the development of early diagnostic strategies and provide immunological insight into the further mechanistic exploration of PE.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04472-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T02:01:57Z","timestamp":1695002517000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Identification of novel first-trimester serum biomarkers for early prediction of preeclampsia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Mingxi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kongyang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C. 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