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B cells are crucial factors in tumor suppression, and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) facilitate immune cell recruitment to the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the function and mechanisms of tumor-infiltrating B cells and TLSs in MIBC need to be explored further.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of 11,612 B cells and 55,392\u00a0T cells from 12 bladder cancer patients and found na\u00efve B cells, proliferating B cells, plasma cells, interferon-stimulated B cells and germinal center-associated B cells, and described the phenotype, gene enrichment, cell\u2013cell communication, biological processes. We utilized immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) to describe TLSs morphology in MIBC.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The interferon-stimulated B-cell subtype (B-ISG15) and germinal center-associated B-cell subtypes (B-LMO2, B-STMN1) were significantly enriched in MIBC. TLSs in MIBC exhibited a distinct follicular structure characterized by a central region of B cells resembling a germinal center surrounded by T cells. CellChat analysis showed that CXCL13\u2009+\u2009T cells play a pivotal role in recruiting CXCR5\u2009+\u2009B cells. Cell migration experiments demonstrated the chemoattraction of CXCL13 toward CXCR5\u2009+\u2009B cells. Importantly, the infiltration of the interferon-stimulated B-cell subtype and the presence of TLSs correlated with a more favorable prognosis in MIBC.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study revealed the heterogeneity of B-cell subtypes in MIBC and suggests a pivotal role of TLSs in MIBC outcomes. Our study provides novel insights that contribute to the precision treatment of MIBC.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-04860-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T18:02:28Z","timestamp":1705082548000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Single-cell sequencing reveals the heterogeneity of B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures in muscle-invasive bladder cancer"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingning","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunkun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyu","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengying","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhao","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuli","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengnan","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rirong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"4860_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. 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