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Several subtypes of CD4+<\/jats:sup> T cells, including T helper (Th) 17 cells, follicular Th cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), contribute to the pathogenesis of MG. However, increasing evidence suggests that CD8+<\/jats:sup> T cells also play a critical role in the pathogenesis and treatment of MG.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n Main body<\/jats:title>\n Herein, we review the literature on CD8+<\/jats:sup> T cells in MG, focusing on their potential effector and regulatory roles, as well as on relevant evidence (peripheral, in situ, cerebrospinal fluid, and under different treatments), T-cell receptor usage, cytokine and chemokine expression, cell marker expression, and Treg, Tc17, CD3+<\/jats:sup>CD8+<\/jats:sup>CD20+<\/jats:sup> T, and CXCR5+<\/jats:sup> CD8+<\/jats:sup> T cells.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Further studies on CD8+<\/jats:sup> T cells in MG are necessary to determine, among others, the real pattern of the V\u03b2 gene usage of autoantigen-specific CD8+<\/jats:sup> cells in patients with MG, real images of the physiology and function of autoantigen-specific CD8+<\/jats:sup> cells from MG\/EAMG, and the subset of autoantigen-specific CD8+<\/jats:sup> cells (Tc1, Tc17, and IL-17+<\/jats:sup>IFN-\u03b3+<\/jats:sup>CD8+<\/jats:sup> T cells). There are many reports of CD20-expressing T (or CD20\u2009+\u2009T) and CXCR5+<\/jats:sup> CD8 T cells on autoimmune diseases, especially on multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Unfortunately, up to now, there has been no report on these T cells on MG, which might be a good direction for future studies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-04965-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T05:02:09Z","timestamp":1708405329000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["An angel or a devil? 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