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However, the systemic toxicity of chemotherapy and tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment limit the clinical application.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Here, an injectable sodium alginate hydrogel (ALG) loaded with nanoparticle albumin-bound-paclitaxel (Nab-PTX) and an immunostimulating agent R837 was developed for local administration. Two murine hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer models were established. The tumor-bearing mice received the peritumoral injection of R837\/Nab-PTX\/ALG once a week for two weeks. The antitumor efficacy, the immune response, and the tumor microenvironment were investigated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This chemoimmunotherapy hydrogel with sustained-release character was proven to have significant effects on killing tumor cells and inhibiting tumor growth. Peritumoral injection of our hydrogel caused little harm to normal organs and triggered a potent antitumor immune response against both hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer. In the tumor microenvironment, enhanced immunogenic cell death induced by the combination of Nab-PTX and R837 resulted in 3.30-fold infiltration of effector memory T cells and upregulation of 20 biological processes related to immune responses.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our strategy provides a novel insight into the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy and has the potential for clinical translation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05102-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T14:01:34Z","timestamp":1712671294000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["In situ chemoimmunotherapy hydrogel elicits immunogenic cell death and evokes efficient antitumor immune response"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9839-8480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaping","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaohua","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baorui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5102_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3045","volume":"19","author":"MR Shurin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shurin MR. 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