{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T07:50:25Z","timestamp":1794037825874,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81970503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82270606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82270606"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7242041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7242041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission","award":["KZ202210025036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KZ202210025036"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009601","name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals\u2019 Ascent Plan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DFL20220103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20220103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Youth Beijing Scholar","award":["035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["035"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Transl Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin condition. Although biologic treatments are effective in controlling psoriasis, some patients do not respond or lose response to these therapies. Thus, new strategies for psoriasis treatment are still urgently needed. Double-negative T cells (DNT) play a significant immunoregulatory role in autoimmune diseases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of DNT in psoriasis and explore the underlying mechanism.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We conducted a single adoptive transfer of DNT into an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse model through tail vein injection. The skin inflammation and IL-17A producing \u03b3\u03b4 T cells were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>DNT administration significantly reduced the inflammatory response in mouse skin, characterized by decreased skin folds, scales, and red patches. After DNT treatment, the secretion of IL-17A by RORc<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> \u03b3\u03b4<jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup> T cells in the skin was selectively suppressed, resulting in an amelioration of skin inflammation. Transcriptomic data suggested heightened expression of NKG2D ligands in \u03b3\u03b4<jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup> T cells within the mouse model of psoriasis induced by IMQ. When blocking the NKG2D ligand and NKG2D (expressed by DNT) interaction, the cytotoxic efficacy of DNT against RORc<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>IL17A<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> \u03b3\u03b4<jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup> T cells was attenuated. Using <jats:italic>Ccr5<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> DNT for treatment yielded evidence that DNT migrates into inflamed skin tissue and fails to protect IMQ-induced skin lesions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>DNT could migrate to inflamed skin tissue through CCR5, selectively inhibit IL-17-producing \u03b3\u03b4<jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup> T cells and finally ameliorate mouse psoriasis. Our study provides feasibility for using immune cell therapy for the prevention and treatment of psoriasis in the clinic.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05132-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T16:01:47Z","timestamp":1712073707000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Double-negative T cells ameliorate psoriasis by selectively inhibiting IL-17A-producing \u03b3\u03b4low T cells"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yunxiong","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangyong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimeng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinjie","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3404-5173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueling","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"5132_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1590","volume":"369","author":"R Parisi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parisi R, Iskandar IYK, Kontopantelis E, Augustin M, Griffiths CEM, Ashcroft DM, Global Psoriasis A. National, regional, and worldwide epidemiology of psoriasis: systematic analysis and modelling study. BMJ. 2020;369: m1590.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"19","key":"5132_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4006","volume":"323","author":"AW Armstrong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Armstrong AW, Read C. Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of psoriasis: a review. JAMA. 2020;323(19):1945\u201360.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"5132_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.23736\/S0392-0488.18.06202-8","volume":"154","author":"K Furue","year":"2019","unstructured":"Furue K, Ito T, Tsuji G, Kadono T, Furue M. Psoriasis and the TNF\/IL23\/IL17 axis. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2019;154(4):418\u201324.","journal-title":"G Ital Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"5132_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102916","volume":"133","author":"J Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu J, Zhao Q, Wang X, Zhou H, Hu J, Gu L, Hu Y, Zeng F, Zhao F, Yue C, et al. Pathogenesis, multi-omics research, and clinical treatment of psoriasis. J Autoimmun. 2022;133: 102916.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"5132_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2016.05.023","volume":"161","author":"A Batycka-Baran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Batycka-Baran A, Besgen P, Wolf R, Szepietowski JC, Prinz JC. The effect of phototherapy on systemic inflammatory process in patients with plaque psoriasis. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2016;161:396\u2013401.","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol B"},{"key":"5132_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.627139","volume":"12","author":"C Qi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qi C, Wang Y, Li P, Zhao J. Gamma delta T cells and their pathogenic role in psoriasis. Front Immunol. 2021;12: 627139.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"43","key":"5132_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17549","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1204327109","volume":"109","author":"ML Michel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Michel ML, Pang DJ, Haque SF, Potocnik AJ, Pennington DJ, Hayday AC. Interleukin 7 (IL-7) selectively promotes mouse and human IL-17-producing gammadelta cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(43):17549\u201354.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"5132_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12913","volume":"298","author":"MH Jee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jee MH, Mraz V, Geisler C, Bonefeld CM. gammadelta T cells and inflammatory skin diseases. Immunol Rev. 2020;298(1):61\u201373.","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"5132_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.08.001","volume":"35","author":"Y Cai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cai Y, Shen X, Ding C, Qi C, Li K, Li X, Jala VR, Zhang HG, Wang T, Zheng J, et al. Pivotal role of dermal IL-17-producing gammadelta T cells in skin inflammation. Immunity. 2011;35(4):596\u2013610.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"5132_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.840755","volume":"13","author":"M Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li M, Cheng H, Tian D, Yang L, Du X, Pan Y, Zhang D, Mei X. D-Mannose suppresses gammadelta T cells and alleviates murine psoriasis. Front Immunol. 2022;13: 840755.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"5132_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00006","author":"EE Hillhouse","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hillhouse EE, Delisle JS, Lesage S. Immunoregulatory CD4(-) CD8(-) T cells as a potential therapeutic tool for transplantation, autoimmunity, and cancer. Front Immunol. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00006.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5132_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjr043","volume":"4","author":"SC Juvet","year":"2012","unstructured":"Juvet SC, Zhang L. Double negative regulatory T cells in transplantation and autoimmunity: recent progress and future directions. J Mol Cell Biol. 2012;4(1):48\u201358.","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5132_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-20941-x","volume":"12","author":"G Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun G, Zhao X, Li M, Zhang C, Jin H, Li C, Liu L, Wang Y, Shi W, Tian D, et al. CD4 derived double negative T cells prevent the development and progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):650.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"8","key":"5132_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2179-4","volume":"54","author":"D Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang D, Zhang W, Ng TW, Wang Y, Liu Q, Gorantla V, Lakkis F, Zheng XX. Adoptive cell therapy using antigen-specific CD4(-)CD8(-)T regulatory cells to prevent autoimmune diabetes and promote islet allograft survival in NOD mice. Diabetologia. 2011;54(8):2082\u201392.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"5132_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4246","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12243-0","volume":"10","author":"D Tian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tian D, Yang L, Wang S, Zhu Y, Shi W, Zhang C, Jin H, Tian Y, Xu H, Sun G, et al. Double negative T cells mediate Lag3-dependent antigen-specific protection in allergic asthma. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):4246.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"9","key":"5132_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4071","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-10-050625","volume":"109","author":"D Zhang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhang D, Yang W, Degauque N, Tian Y, Mikita A, Zheng XX. New differentiation pathway for double-negative regulatory T cells that regulates the magnitude of immune responses. Blood. 2007;109(9):4071\u20139.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"5132_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0507-2","volume":"7","author":"J Yao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yao J, Ly D, Dervovic D, Fang L, Lee JB, Kang H, Wang YH, Pham NA, Pan H, Tsao MS, et al. Human double negative T cells target lung cancer via ligand-dependent mechanisms that can be enhanced by IL-15. J Immunother Cancer. 2019;7(1):17.","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"5132_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.650788","volume":"12","author":"SH Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu SH, Zhang LH, Gao J, Guo JH, Xun XD, Xiang X, Cheng Q, Li Z, Zhu JY. NKG2D enhances double-negative T cell regulation of B cells. Front Immunol. 2021;12: 650788.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5132_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.80307","volume":"13","author":"D Tian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tian D, Pan Y, Zhao Y, Wang H, Tian Y, Yang L, Shi W, Zhang C, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, et al. TCRalphabeta(+)NK1.1(-)CD4(-)CD8(-) double-negative T cells inhibit central and peripheral inflammation and ameliorate ischemic stroke in mice. Theranostics. 2023;13(3):896\u2013909.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"10281","key":"5132_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32549-6","volume":"397","author":"CEM Griffiths","year":"2021","unstructured":"Griffiths CEM, Armstrong AW, Gudjonsson JE, Barker J. Psoriasis. Lancet. 2021;397(10281):1301\u201315.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"5132_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6920","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.10.6920","volume":"177","author":"ZX Zhang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhang ZX, Ma Y, Wang H, Arp J, Jiang J, Huang X, He KM, Garcia B, Madrenas J, Zhong R. Double-negative T cells, activated by xenoantigen, lyse autologous B and T cells using a perforin\/granzyme-dependent, Fas-Fas ligand-independent pathway. J Immunol. 2006;177(10):6920\u20139.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5132_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040982","volume":"41","author":"S Voelkl","year":"2011","unstructured":"Voelkl S, Gary R, Mackensen A. Characterization of the immunoregulatory function of human TCR-alphabeta+ CD4- CD8- double-negative T cells. Eur J Immunol. 2011;41(3):739\u201348.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5132_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2014.02.034","volume":"20","author":"W Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li W, Tian Y, Li Z, Gao J, Shi W, Zhu J, Zhang D. Ex vivo converted double negative T cells suppress activated B cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 2014;20(1):164\u20139.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5132_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3455","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737408","volume":"37","author":"KM He","year":"2007","unstructured":"He KM, Ma Y, Wang S, Min WP, Zhong R, Jevnikar A, Zhang ZX. Donor double-negative Treg promote allogeneic mixed chimerism and tolerance. Eur J Immunol. 2007;37(12):3455\u201366.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5132_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201141428","volume":"41","author":"JF Gao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gao JF, McIntyre MS, Juvet SC, Diao J, Li X, Vanama RB, Mak TW, Cattral MS, Zhang L. Regulation of antigen-expressing dendritic cells by double negative regulatory T cells. Eur J Immunol. 2011;41(9):2699\u2013708.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5132_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2009.03974.x","volume":"157","author":"N Yokobori","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yokobori N, Schierloh P, Geffner L, Balboa L, Romero M, Musella R, Castagnino J, De Stefano G, Aleman M, de la Barrera S, et al. CD3 expression distinguishes two gammadeltaT cell receptor subsets with different phenotype and effector function in tuberculous pleurisy. Clin Exp Immunol. 2009;157(3):385\u201394.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5132_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07911-6","volume":"10","author":"K Venken","year":"2019","unstructured":"Venken K, Jacques P, Mortier C, Labadia ME, Decruy T, Coudenys J, Hoyt K, Wayne AL, Hughes R, Turner M, et al. RORgammat inhibition selectively targets IL-17 producing iNKT and gammadelta-T cells enriched in Spondyloarthritis patients. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):9.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"5132_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-021-10267-7","volume":"16","author":"S Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen S, Lv T, Sun G, Li S, Duan W, Zhang C, Jin H, Tian D, Li M, Shan S, et al. Reciprocal alterations in circulating and hepatic gamma-delta T cells in patients with primary biliary cholangitis. Hepatol Int. 2022;16(1):195\u2013206.","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"5132_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500448","volume":"195","author":"Y Imai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Imai Y, Ayithan N, Wu X, Yuan Y, Wang L, Hwang ST. Cutting edge: PD-1 regulates imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis through inhibition of IL-17A expression by innate gammadelta-low T cells. J Immunol. 2015;195(2):421\u20135.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"5132_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.713158","volume":"12","author":"MB Fuertes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fuertes MB, Domaica CI, Zwirner NW. Leveraging NKG2D ligands in immuno-oncology. Front Immunol. 2021;12: 713158.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5132_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2013.838220","volume":"17","author":"TP Singh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Singh TP, Lee CH, Farber JM. Chemokine receptors in psoriasis. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2013;17(12):1405\u201322.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"}],"container-title":["Journal of Translational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12967-024-05132-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12967-024-05132-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12967-024-05132-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T16:03:21Z","timestamp":1712073801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12967-024-05132-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-024-05132-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-5876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-5876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All experiments involving animals were conducted in adherence to the ethical principles for animal research and received approval from the Animal Ethics Committee of Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"G.S. and D.Z. are inventors of a Chinese patent for the ex vivo generation of DNT cells. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"328"}}