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All patients provided signed informed consent and did not undergo adjuvant chemotherapy before surgery. The Human Research Ethics Committee of Huazhong University of Science and Technology approved our research. All animal studies were conducted in accordance with the guidelines of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. 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