{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T01:45:17Z","timestamp":1792633517054,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LQ22H270011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ22H270011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82305173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82305173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012175","name":"Zhejiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021ZQ028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZQ028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012175","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012175","name":"Zhejiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023ZL057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZL057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012175","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Transl Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06113-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T11:28:17Z","timestamp":1744630097000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Causal effect of three autoimmune diseases on brain functional networks and cerebrospinal fluid metabolites to underlie the pathogenesis of autoimmune psychosis: a two-sample mendelian randomization analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Weiman","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengping","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1823-5516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"6113_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07266-7","volume":"50","author":"G Dumas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dumas G, et al. Diagnosis and management of autoimmune diseases in the ICU. Intensive Care Med. 2024;50(1):17\u201335.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"6113_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.09.023","volume":"75","author":"ME Benros","year":"2014","unstructured":"Benros ME, Eaton WW, Mortensen PB. The epidemiologic evidence linking Autoimmune diseases and psychosis. Biol Psychiatry. 2014;75(4):300\u20136.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"6113_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pu YY, et al. Depression-like behaviors in mouse model of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: a role of gut-microbiota-brain axis. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2022;219:173448.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2022.173448"},{"key":"6113_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976159","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.976159","volume":"13","author":"J Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang J, et al. Autoimmune antibodies in first-episode psychosis with red flags: a hospital-based case-control study protocol. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:976159.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"6113_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Modis LV et al. Central Nervous System Involvement in Primary Sjogren\u2019s Syndrome: Narrative Review of MRI Findings. Diagnostics (Basel), 2022. 13(1).","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13010014"},{"issue":"12","key":"6113_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30439-0","volume":"6","author":"T Pollak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pollak T, et al. Autoimmune psychosis: an international consensus on an approach to the diagnosis and management of psychosis of suspected autoimmune origin. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019;6(12):e31.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"6113_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-018-0797-2","volume":"20","author":"A Tisseverasinghe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tisseverasinghe A, Peschken C, Hitchon C. Anxiety and Mood disorders in systemic Lupus Erythematosus: current insights and future directions. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2018;20(12):85.","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"6113_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.101364","volume":"33","author":"LP Churilov","year":"2019","unstructured":"Churilov LP, Sobolevskaia PA, Stroev YI. Thyroid gland and brain: Enigma of Hashimoto\u2019s encephalopathy. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;33(6):101364.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"6113_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu384","volume":"54","author":"A Bortoluzzi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bortoluzzi A, et al. Development and validation of a new algorithm for attribution of neuropsychiatric events in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015;54(5):891\u20138.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"1","key":"6113_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew341","volume":"56","author":"D Cohen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cohen D, et al. Brain histopathology in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: identification of lesions associated with clinical neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes and the role of complement. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017;56(1):77\u201386.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"11","key":"6113_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4135","volume":"18","author":"ES Finn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Finn ES, et al. Functional connectome fingerprinting: identifying individuals using patterns of brain connectivity. Nat Neurosci. 2015;18(11):1664\u201371.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"6113_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e74530","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074530","volume":"8","author":"J Hou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hou J, et al. Abnormalities of frontal-parietal resting-state functional connectivity are related to disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(9):e74530.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"SI","key":"6113_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"SI39","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab734","volume":"61","author":"M Barraclough","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barraclough M, et al. The effects of disease activity, inflammation, depression and cognitive fatigue on resting state fMRI in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022;61(SI):SI39\u201347.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"5","key":"6113_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14774","volume":"63","author":"J Yan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan J, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid metabolites in tryptophan-kynurenine and nitric oxide pathways: biomarkers for acute neuroinflammation. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2021;63(5):552\u20139.","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"6113_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanderson E, et al. Mendelian randomization. Nat Rev Methods Primers. 2022;2:6.","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-021-00092-5"},{"issue":"7","key":"6113_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-024-01879-8","volume":"8","author":"C Mu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mu C, Dang X, Luo XJ. Mendelian randomization analyses reveal causal relationships between brain functional networks and risk of psychiatric disorders. Nat Hum Behav. 2024;8(7):1417\u201328.","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"6113_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3434","volume":"47","author":"J Bentham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bentham J, et al. Genetic association analyses implicate aberrant regulation of innate and adaptive immunity genes in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Genet. 2015;47(12):1457\u201364.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"7944","key":"6113_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05473-8","volume":"613","author":"MI Kurki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kurki MI, et al. FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population. Nature. 2023;613(7944):508\u201318.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"6113_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00931-x","volume":"53","author":"S Sakaue","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sakaue S, et al. A cross-population atlas of genetic associations for 220 human phenotypes. Nat Genet. 2021;53(10):1415\u201324.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"6113_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01039-6","volume":"54","author":"B Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao B, et al. Common variants contribute to intrinsic human brain functional networks. Nat Genet. 2022;54(4):508\u201317.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"6113_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01583-z","volume":"4","author":"DJ Panyard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Panyard DJ, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid metabolomics identifies 19 brain-related phenotype associations. Commun Biol. 2021;4(1):63.","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"6113_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang W, et al. Association of lipid-lowering drugs with COVID-19 outcomes from a mendelian randomization study. Elife. 2021;10:e73873.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.73873"},{"key":"6113_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178051","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1178051","volume":"14","author":"X Lv","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lv X, et al. Causal relationship between ischemic stroke and its subtypes and frozen shoulder: a two-sample mendelian randomization analysis. Front Neurol. 2023;14:1178051.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"6113_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e076197","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-076197","volume":"383","author":"B Woolf","year":"2023","unstructured":"Woolf B, et al. A drug target for erectile dysfunction to help improve fertility, sexual activity, and wellbeing: mendelian randomisation study. BMJ. 2023;383:e076197.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"6113_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7","volume":"50","author":"M Verbanck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Verbanck M, et al. Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases. Nat Genet. 2018;50(5):693\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"6113_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antypa D et al. Anxiety and depression severity in neuropsychiatric SLE are associated with perfusion and functional connectivity changes of the frontolimbic neural circuit: a resting-state f(unctional) MRI study. Lupus Sci Med, 2021. 8(1).","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2020-000473"},{"issue":"10","key":"6113_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.08.003","volume":"15","author":"V Menon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Menon V. Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology: a unifying triple network model. Trends Cogn Sci. 2011;15(10):483\u2013506.","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"6113_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.09.001","volume":"341","author":"M Shafie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shafie M, et al. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging alterations in borderline personality disorder: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2023;341:335\u201345.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"6113_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.07.020","volume":"85","author":"K Supekar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Supekar K, et al. Dysregulated Brain Dynamics in a Triple-Network Saliency Model of Schizophrenia and its relation to psychosis. Biol Psychiatry. 2019;85(1):60\u20139.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"6113_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-022-02924-x","volume":"64","author":"E Papadaki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Papadaki E, et al. Converging evidence of impaired brain function in systemic lupus erythematosus: changes in perfusion dynamics and intrinsic functional connectivity. Neuroradiology. 2022;64(8):1593\u2013604.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"6113_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-020-09465-1","volume":"31","author":"SV Clark","year":"2021","unstructured":"Clark SV, et al. Cerebellar-subcortical-cortical systems as modulators of cognitive functions. Neuropsychol Rev. 2021;31(3):422\u201346.","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"6113_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.5114\/reum.2018.75521","volume":"56","author":"J Perzynska-Mazan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Perzynska-Mazan J, Maslinska M, Gasik R. Neurological manifestations of primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome. Reumatologia. 2018;56(2):99\u2013105.","journal-title":"Reumatologia"},{"issue":"12","key":"6113_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00586","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.586","volume":"6","author":"B Kocer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kocer B, et al. Cognition, depression, fatigue, and quality of life in primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome: correlations. Brain Behav. 2016;6(12):e00586.","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"6113_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-013-2638-x","volume":"41","author":"A Picco","year":"2014","unstructured":"Picco A, et al. Plasma antioxidants and brain glucose metabolism in elderly subjects with cognitive complaints. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014;41(4):764\u201375.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"6113_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Godefroy O, et al. Frontal lobe, executive functions and cognitive control. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2008;164 Suppl 3:S119\u201327.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-3787(08)73302-2"},{"issue":"3","key":"6113_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161151","volume":"57","author":"TJ Chirles","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chirles TJ, et al. Exercise Training and functional connectivity changes in mild cognitive impairment and healthy elders. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;57(3):845\u201356.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"6113_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.090811","volume":"69","author":"V Le Guern","year":"2010","unstructured":"Le Guern V, et al. Cognitive function and 99mTc-ECD brain SPECT are significantly correlated in patients with primary Sjogren syndrome: a case-control study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(1):132\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"6113_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1440.011","volume":"1124","author":"RL Buckner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Buckner RL, Andrews-Hanna JR, Schacter DL. The brain\u2019s default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008;1124:1\u201338.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"6113_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.09.013","volume":"96","author":"P Sah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sah P. Fear, anxiety, and the Amygdala. Neuron. 2017;96(1):1\u20132.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"12","key":"6113_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.11.004","volume":"22","author":"WD Taylor","year":"2014","unstructured":"Taylor WD, et al. Hippocampus atrophy and the longitudinal course of late-life depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014;22(12):1504\u201312.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"6113_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-32-9705-0_1","volume":"1191","author":"CH Lai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lai CH. Task MRI-Based functional Brain Network of anxiety. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1191:3\u201320.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6113_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e244525","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.4525","volume":"7","author":"C Chourpiliadis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chourpiliadis C, et al. Metabolic Profile and Long-Term risk of Depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(4):e244525.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"6113_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13839","volume":"133","author":"M Bhatt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bhatt M, et al. Betaine-the dark knight of the brain. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2023;133(5):485\u201395.","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6113_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2017.0557","volume":"8","author":"J Nystedt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nystedt J, et al. Functional connectivity changes in systemic lupus erythematosus: a resting-state study. Brain Connect. 2018;8(4):220\u201334.","journal-title":"Brain Connect"}],"container-title":["Journal of Translational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12967-025-06113-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12967-025-06113-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12967-025-06113-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T11:28:22Z","timestamp":1744630102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12967-025-06113-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-025-06113-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-5876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-5876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This MR research utilized only published or publicly available GWAS data. Each participant received ethical approval and informed consent for the respective study, as detailed in the original publication and consortium.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"None declared.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}],"article-number":"440"}}