{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T23:50:46Z","timestamp":1792021846047,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7222171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7222171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82101837"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82101837"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371766"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371766"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Transl Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06168-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T19:35:51Z","timestamp":1738352151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Multi-omics dissection of metabolic dysregulation associated with immune recovery in people living with HIV-1"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Lin-Yu","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sin Man","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Huang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Jing","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Yi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-Meng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Min","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Mei","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanghou","family":"Shui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu-Sheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8582-8012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Wen","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"6168_CR1","unstructured":"Full report \u2014 In Danger: UNAIDS Global AIDS Update 2022 [https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/documents\/2022\/in-danger-global-aids-update]"},{"key":"6168_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.4MR1019-189R","volume":"107","author":"X Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang X, Su B, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wu H, Zhang T. Incomplete immune reconstitution in HIV\/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy: Challenges of immunological non-responders. J Leukoc Biol. 2020;107:597\u2013612.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"6168_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70463-7","volume":"6","author":"M Battegay","year":"2006","unstructured":"Battegay M, Nuesch R, Hirschel B, Kaufmann GR. Immunological recovery and antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infection. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006;6:280\u20137.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"6168_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.03.002","volume":"117","author":"YM Pacheco","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pacheco YM, Jarrin I, Rosado I, Campins AA, Berenguer J, Iribarren JA, Rivero M, Munoz-Medina L, Bernal-Morell E, Gutierrez F, et al. Increased risk of non-AIDS-related events in HIV subjects with persistent low CD4 counts despite cART in the CoRIS cohort. Antiviral Res. 2015;117:69\u201374.","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"6168_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2150566","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2150566","volume":"12","author":"LY Wan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wan LY, Huang HH, Zhen C, Chen SY, Song B, Cao WJ, Shen LL, Zhou MJ, Zhang XC, Xu R, et al. Distinct inflammation-related proteins associated with T cell immune recovery during chronic HIV-1 infection. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2023;12:2150566.","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"6168_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000242","volume":"11","author":"NS Utay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Utay NS, Hunt PW. Role of immune activation in progression to AIDS. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2016;11:131\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"6168_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI138861","author":"C Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang C, Song JW, Huang HH, Fan X, Huang L, Deng JN, Tu B, Wang K, Li J, Zhou MJ, et al. NLRP3 inflammasome induces CD4+ T cell loss in chronically HIV-1-infected patients. J Clin Invest. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI138861.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"6168_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/ID9.0000000000000071","volume":"2","author":"ZWT Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen ZWT, Deng K. Glucose metabolism and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Infect Dis Immun. 2022;2(4):242\u20137.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Immun"},{"key":"6168_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-019-0084-1","volume":"1","author":"I Clerc","year":"2019","unstructured":"Clerc I, Moussa DA, Vahlas Z, Tardito S, Oburoglu L, Hope TJ, Sitbon M, Dardalhon V, Mongellaz C, Taylor N. Entry of glucose- and glutamine-derived carbons into the citric acid cycle supports early steps of HIV-1 infection in CD4 T cells. Nat Metab. 2019;1:717\u201330.","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"issue":"611\u2013626","key":"6168_CR10","volume":"29","author":"JC Valle-Casuso","year":"2019","unstructured":"Valle-Casuso JC, Angin M, Volant S, Passaes C, Monceaux V, Mikhailova A, Bourdic K, Avettand-Fenoel V, Boufassa F, Sitbon M, et al. Cellular metabolism is a major determinant of HIV-1 reservoir seeding in CD4(+) T cells and offers an opportunity to tackle infection. Cell Metab. 2019;29(611\u2013626): e615.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"6168_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-019-0081-4","volume":"1","author":"M Angin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Angin M, Volant S, Passaes C, Lecuroux C, Monceaux V, Dillies MA, Valle-Casuso JC, Pancino G, Vaslin B, Le Grand R, et al. Metabolic plasticity of HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells is associated with enhanced antiviral potential and natural control of HIV-1 infection. Nat Metab. 2019;1:704\u201316.","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"key":"6168_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32ra36","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3000632","volume":"2","author":"D Favre","year":"2010","unstructured":"Favre D, Mold J, Hunt PW, Kanwar B, Loke P, Seu L, Barbour JD, Lowe MM, Jayawardene A, Aweeka F, et al. Tryptophan catabolism by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 alters the balance of TH17 to regulatory T cells in HIV disease. Sci Transl Med. 2010;2:32ra36.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"6168_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu115","volume":"210","author":"H Byakwaga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Byakwaga H, Boum Y 2nd, Huang Y, Muzoora C, Kembabazi A, Weiser SD, Bennett J, Cao H, Haberer JE, Deeks SG, et al. The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism, CD4+ T-cell recovery, and mortality among HIV-infected Ugandans initiating antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis. 2014;210:383\u201391.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"6168_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babu H, Sperk M, Ambikan AT, Rachel G, Viswanathan VK, Tripathy SP, Nowak P, Hanna LE, Neogi U: Plasma Metabolic Signature and Abnormalities in HIV-Infected Individuals on Long-Term Successful Antiretroviral Therapy. Metabolites 2019, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9100210"},{"key":"6168_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3232","DOI":"10.1021\/ac500472c","volume":"86","author":"M Zimmermann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zimmermann M, Sauer U, Zamboni N. Quantification and mass isotopomer profiling of alpha-keto acids in central carbon metabolism. Anal Chem. 2014;86:3232\u20137.","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"188\u2013202","key":"6168_CR16","volume":"32","author":"JW Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song JW, Lam SM, Fan X, Cao WJ, Wang SY, Tian H, Chua GH, Zhang C, Meng FP, Xu Z, et al. Omics-driven systems interrogation of metabolic dysregulation in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Cell Metab. 2020;32(188\u2013202): e185.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"6168_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202200130","volume":"6","author":"H Tian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tian H, Ni Z, Lam SM, Jiang W, Li F, Du J, Wang Y, Shui G. Precise metabolomics reveals a diversity of aging-associated metabolic features. Small Methods. 2022;6: e2200130.","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"6168_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.09.009","author":"SM Lam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lam SM, Wang Z, Song JW, Shi Y, Liu WY, Wan LY, Duan K, Chua GH, Zhou Y, Wang G, et al. Non-invasive lipid panel of MASLD fibrosis transition underscores the role of lipoprotein sulfatides in hepatic immunomodulation. Cell Metab. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.09.009.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"6168_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5083","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI120245","volume":"128","author":"SA Younes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Younes SA, Talla A, Pereira Ribeiro S, Saidakova EV, Korolevskaya LB, Shmagel KV, Shive CL, Freeman ML, Panigrahi S, Zweig S, et al. Cycling CD4+ T cells in HIV-infected immune nonresponders have mitochondrial dysfunction. J Clin Invest. 2018;128:5083\u201394.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"6168_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1086\/651689","volume":"50","author":"E Negredo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Negredo E, Massanella M, Puig J, Perez-Alvarez N, Gallego-Escuredo JM, Villarroya J, Villarroya F, Molto J, Santos JR, Clotet B, Blanco J. Nadir CD4 T cell count as predictor and high CD4 T cell intrinsic apoptosis as final mechanism of poor CD4 T cell recovery in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients: clinical implications. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50:1300\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"6168_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001015","volume":"30","author":"C Tincati","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tincati C, Merlini E, Braidotti P, Ancona G, Savi F, Tosi D, Borghi E, Callegari ML, Mangiavillano B, Barassi A, et al. Impaired gut junctional complexes feature late-treated individuals with suboptimal CD4+ T-cell recovery upon virologically suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2016;30:991\u20131003.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"6168_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1840928","volume":"9","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu J, Wang L, Hou Y, Zhao Y, Dou Z, Ma Y, Zhang D, Wu Y, Zhao D, Liu Z, et al. Immune restoration in HIV-1-infected patients after 12 years of antiretroviral therapy: a real-world observational study. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9:2550\u201361.","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"6168_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003801","volume":"38","author":"CJ Holden","year":"2024","unstructured":"Holden CJ, Lampe FC, Burns FM, Chaloner C, Johnson M, Kinloch-De Loes S, Smith CJ. Association of age at antiretroviral therapy initiation with CD4 +\u202f: CD8 + ratio recovery among virally suppressed people with HIV. AIDS. 2024;38:703\u201311.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"6168_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2021.05.002","volume":"561","author":"V Desrosiers","year":"2021","unstructured":"Desrosiers V, Barat C, Breton Y, Ouellet M, Tremblay MJ. Thymidylate synthase is essential for efficient HIV-1 replication in macrophages. Virology. 2021;561:47\u201357.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"6168_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4713","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00103a009","volume":"35","author":"H Tanaka","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tanaka H, Takashima H, Ubasawa M, Sekiya K, Nitta I, Baba M, Shigeta S, Walker RT, De Clercq E, Miyasaka T. Synthesis and antiviral activity of deoxy analogs of 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine (HEPT) as potent and selective anti-HIV-1 agents. J Med Chem. 1992;35:4713\u20139.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"6168_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.10.027","volume":"57","author":"SY Lunt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lunt SY, Muralidhar V, Hosios AM, Israelsen WJ, Gui DY, Newhouse L, Ogrodzinski M, Hecht V, Xu K, Acevedo PN, et al. Pyruvate kinase isoform expression alters nucleotide synthesis to impact cell proliferation. Mol Cell. 2015;57:95\u2013107.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"6168_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.622798","volume":"12","author":"Y Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu Y, Yang K, Jia Y, Shi J, Tong Z, Wang Z. Thymine sensitizes gram-negative pathogens to antibiotic killing. Front Microbiol. 2021;12: 622798.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"6168_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00430","volume":"8","author":"G Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo G, Wang H, Shi X, Ye L, Yan K, Chen Z, Zhang H, Jin Z, Xue X. Disease activity-associated alteration of mRNA m(5) C methylation in CD4(+) T cells of systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:430.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"6168_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.106047","volume":"176","author":"A Peters","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peters A, Rabe P, Liebing AD, Krumbholz P, Nordstrom A, Jager E, Kraft R, Staubert C. Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 and GPR84\u2014two metabolite-sensing G protein-coupled receptors with opposing functions in innate immune cells. Pharmacol Res. 2022;176: 106047.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"6168_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-020-0516-2","volume":"18","author":"A Peters","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peters A, Rabe P, Krumbholz P, Kalwa H, Kraft R, Schoneberg T, Staubert C. Natural biased signaling of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 and G protein-coupled receptor 84. Cell Commun Signal. 2020;18:31.","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"6168_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244622","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1244622","volume":"14","author":"S Sultana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sultana S, Elengickal A, Bensreti H, et al. The kynurenine pathway in HIV, frailty and inflammaging. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1244622.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"6168_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz502","volume":"221","author":"M Gelpi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gelpi M, Ueland PM, Troseid M, Mocroft A, Lebech AM, Ullum H, Midttun O, Lundgren J, Nielsen SD. Abdominal adipose tissue is associated with alterations in tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism and markers of systemic inflammation in people with human immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Dis. 2020;221:419\u201327.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"6168_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2456-z","volume":"17","author":"M Gelpi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gelpi M, Hartling HJ, Ueland PM, Ullum H, Troseid M, Nielsen SD. Tryptophan catabolism and immune activation in primary and chronic HIV infection. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17:349.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"6168_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.10.015","volume":"25","author":"R Yirmiya","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yirmiya R, Goshen I. Immune modulation of learning, memory, neural plasticity and neurogenesis. Brain Behav Immun. 2011;25:181\u2013213.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"6168_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003003","volume":"3","author":"S Rasheed","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rasheed S, Yan JS, Lau A, Chan AS. HIV replication enhances production of free fatty acids, low density lipoproteins and many key proteins involved in lipid metabolism: a proteomics study. PLoS ONE. 2008;3: e3003.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6168_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037487","volume":"139","author":"W Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao W, Wang X, Deik AA, Hanna DB, Wang T, Haberlen SA, Shah SJ, Lazar JM, Hodis HN, Landay AL, et al. Elevated plasma ceramides are associated with antiretroviral therapy use and progression of carotid artery atherosclerosis in HIV infection. Circulation. 2019;139:2003\u201311.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"6168_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13050614","volume":"13","author":"H Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao H, Li L, Tan J, Wang Y, Zhang A, Zhao Y, Jiang L. Multi-omics reveals disrupted immunometabolic homeostasis and oxidative stress in adipose tissue of dairy cows with subclinical ketosis: a sphingolipid-centric perspective. Antioxidants (Basel). 2024;13:614.","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"6168_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13010004","author":"Z Cai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cai Z, Deng L, Fan Y, Ren Y, Ling Y, Tu J, Cai Y, Xu X, Chen M. Dysregulation of ceramide metabolism is linked to iron deposition and activation of related pathways in the aorta of atherosclerotic miniature pigs. Antioxidants. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox13010004.","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"6168_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7475","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1201104109","volume":"109","author":"WB Puryear","year":"2012","unstructured":"Puryear WB, Yu X, Ramirez NP, Reinhard BM, Gummuluru S. HIV-1 incorporation of host-cell-derived glycosphingolipid GM3 allows for capture by mature dendritic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109:7475\u201380.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"6168_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3085","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M103705200","volume":"277","author":"S Tagami","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tagami S, Inokuchi Ji J, Kabayama K, Yoshimura H, Kitamura F, Uemura S, Ogawa C, Ishii A, Saito M, Ohtsuka Y, et al. Ganglioside GM3 participates in the pathological conditions of insulin resistance. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:3085\u201392.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"6168_CR41","first-page":"1045","volume":"74","author":"C Grunfeld","year":"1992","unstructured":"Grunfeld C, Pang M, Doerrler W, Shigenaga JK, Jensen P, Feingold KR. Lipids, lipoproteins, triglyceride clearance, and cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;74:1045\u201352.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"6168_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab663","volume":"107","author":"J Jao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jao J, Balmert LC, Sun S, McComsey GA, Brown TT, Tien PC, Currier JS, Stein JH, Qiu Y, LeRoith D, Kurland IJ. Distinct lipidomic signatures in people living with HIV: combined analysis of ACTG 5260s and MACS\/WIHS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107:119\u201335.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"6168_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3087","volume":"35","author":"S Kochumon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kochumon S, Al-Rashed F, Abu-Farha M, Devarajan S, Tuomilehto J, Ahmad R. Adipose tissue expression of CCL19 chemokine is positively associated with insulin resistance. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019;35: e3087.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"6168_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(94)00158-G","volume":"18","author":"W Vogt","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vogt W. Oxidation of methionyl residues in proteins: tools, targets, and reversal. Free Radic Biol Med. 1995;18:93\u2013105.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"6168_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3634","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.005663","volume":"294","author":"A Witkowski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Witkowski A, Carta S, Lu R, Yokoyama S, Rubartelli A, Cavigiolio G. Oxidation of methionine residues in human apolipoprotein A-I generates a potent pro-inflammatory molecule. J Biol Chem. 2019;294:3634\u201346.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"6168_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2003.01313.x","volume":"58","author":"L Forchhammer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Forchhammer L, Thorn M, Met O, Gad M, Weidner MS, Claesson MH. Immunobiological effects of glucosamine in vitro. Scand J Immunol. 2003;58:404\u201311.","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"6168_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39343","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204924200","volume":"277","author":"L Ma","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ma L, Rudert WA, Harnaha J, Wright M, Machen J, Lakomy R, Qian S, Lu L, Robbins PD, Trucco M, Giannoukakis N. Immunosuppressive effects of glucosamine. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:39343\u20139.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"6168_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7090340","volume":"7","author":"T Sakurai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sakurai T, Odamaki T, Xiao JZ. Production of Indole-3-Lactic Acid by Bifidobacterium Strains Isolated fromHuman Infants. Microorganisms. 2019;7:340.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"6168_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.27023","volume":"89","author":"R Wall","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wall R, Ross RP, Shanahan F, O\u2019Mahony L, O\u2019Mahony C, Coakley M, Hart O, Lawlor P, Quigley EM, Kiely B, et al. Metabolic activity of the enteric microbiota influences the fatty acid composition of murine and porcine liver and adipose tissues. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89:1393\u2013401.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"6168_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-12-16","volume":"12","author":"LK Pettit","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pettit LK, Varsanyi C, Tadros J, Vassiliou E. Modulating the inflammatory properties of activated microglia with Docosahexaenoic acid and Aspirin. Lipids Health Dis. 2013;12:16.","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"6168_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2006.04.003","volume":"18","author":"SM Weldon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Weldon SM, Mullen AC, Loscher CE, Hurley LA, Roche HM. Docosahexaenoic acid induces an anti-inflammatory profile in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human THP-1 macrophages more effectively than eicosapentaenoic acid. J Nutr Biochem. 2007;18:250\u20138.","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"6168_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2020.0119","volume":"24","author":"G Godoy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Godoy G, Masetto Antunes M, et al. Decreased Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels in Serum of HIV Carrier Patients. J Med Food. 2021;24:670\u20133.","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"key":"6168_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.09.050","volume":"328","author":"P Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo P, Si M, Wu D, Xue HY, Hu W, Wong HL. Incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enhances nanodelivery of antiretroviral across the blood-brain barrier for treatment of HIV reservoir in brain. J Control Release. 2020;328:696\u2013709.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"6168_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.756720","volume":"8","author":"R Dong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dong R, Lin H, Ding Y, Chen X, Shi R, Yuan S, Li J, Zhu B, Xu X, Shen W, et al. Effects of docosahexanoic acid on gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in HIV-infected patients with neurocognitive impairment: a 6-month randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Front Nutr. 2021;8: 756720.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"6168_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1980.tb05117.x","volume":"49","author":"A Ferrari","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ferrari A, Pacini N, Canzi E. A note on bile acids transformations by strains of Bifidobacterium. J Appl Bacteriol. 1980;49:193\u20137.","journal-title":"J Appl Bacteriol"},{"key":"6168_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002817","volume":"89","author":"MH Meyer-Myklestad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meyer-Myklestad MH, Medhus AW, Stiksrud B, Lorvik KB, Seljeflot I, Hansen SH, Holm K, Hov JR, Kvale D, Dyrhol-Riise AM, et al. Probiotics to HIV-infected immunological nonresponders: altered mucosal immunity and microbial diversity restricted to ileum. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2022;89:77\u201386.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"6168_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137200","volume":"10","author":"G d'Ettorre","year":"2015","unstructured":"d\u2019Ettorre G, Ceccarelli G, Giustini N, Serafino S, Calantone N, De Girolamo G, Bianchi L, Bellelli V, Ascoli-Bartoli T, Marcellini S, et al. Probiotics reduce inflammation in antiretroviral treated, HIV-infected individuals: results of the \u201cProbio-HIV\u201d clinical trial. PLoS ONE. 2015;10: e0137200.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6168_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2018.02.008","volume":"105","author":"P Domingo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Domingo P, Gallego-Escuredo JM, Fernandez I, Villarroya J, Torres F, Del Mar GM, Mateo MG, Villarroya F, Vidal F, Giralt M, Domingo JC. Effects of docosahexanoic acid supplementation on inflammatory and subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression in HIV-infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). A sub-study of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Cytokine. 2018;105:73\u20139.","journal-title":"Cytokine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Translational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12967-025-06168-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12967-025-06168-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12967-025-06168-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T19:35:55Z","timestamp":1738352155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12967-025-06168-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-025-06168-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-5876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-5876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by Ethics Committee of the Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital (ky-2021\u20137-6\u20131), and conducted in accordance with the principles contained within the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent before enrollment.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors have declared no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"143"}}