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The effective means of treating cancer involves accelerating the death of tumor cells and improving patient immunity. Dynamic changes in the tumor immune microenvironment alter the actual effects of anti-tumor drug production and may trigger favorable or unfavorable immune responses by modulating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Notably, CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells are one of the primary tumor-infiltrating immune cells that provide anti-tumor response. Tumor cells and tumor stem cells will resist or evade destruction through various mechanisms as CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells exert their anti-tumor function. This paper reviews the research on the regulation of tumor development and prognosis by cancer stem cells that directly or indirectly alter the role of tumor-infiltrating CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells. We also discuss related immunotherapy strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06291-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T07:18:01Z","timestamp":1742195881000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["New insights on anti-tumor immunity of CD8+ T cells: cancer stem cells, tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yibin","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaochuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6991-0529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"6291_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.09.006","volume":"27","author":"EJ Wherry","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wherry EJ, Ha S-J, Kaech SM, Haining WN, Sarkar S, Kalia V, et al. 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