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Ethical approval was secured from the Institutional Review Board of Yunnan Cancer Hospital prior to the commencement of the study (Approval Number: YJZ202102). All participants provided written informed consent before being enrolled in the study. The clinical trial is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Approval Number: ChiCTR2400094739).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that Zhibo Han, Zongjin Li, Jundong Gu, and Zhongchao Han are affiliated with Beijing Health-Biotech Stem Cell Technology Co. which developed and supplied the placental mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) embedded biomaterial hydrogels used in this study. This affiliation may be seen as a potential conflict of interest. However, this clinical study was led by Yunnan Cancer Hospital, and the entire clinical study process was completed jointly by the hospital staff and the CRO hired by the hospital. Strict scientific and ethical standards were followed, and the authors affirm that the data analysis, interpretation of results, and conclusions were objective and free from bias.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1057"}}