{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T13:45:41Z","timestamp":1776692741019,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021856","name":"Ministero dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ECS00000017-THE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000017-THE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Transl Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-07414-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T11:33:16Z","timestamp":1764329596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Booster dose reshapes SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific B cell immunity in people living with HIV"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8345-0546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacopo","family":"Polvere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3545-7433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Lucchesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9054-2756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Montesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1440-8061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Fiorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3219-6170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabiria","family":"Pastore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1343-812X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Fabbiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9519-8552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Tumbarello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2267-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Montagnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1729-7325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donata","family":"Medaglini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4585-7783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annalisa","family":"Ciabattini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"7414_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005219","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005219","volume":"10","author":"VI Avelino-Silva","year":"2016","unstructured":"Avelino-Silva VI, et al. CD4\/CD8 ratio and KT ratio predict yellow fever vaccine immunogenicity in HIV-Infected patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10:e0005219.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"7414_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.04.033","volume":"31","author":"M Fabbiani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fabbiani M, et al. HIV-infected patients show impaired cellular immune response to influenza vaccination compared to healthy subjects. Vaccine. 2013;31:2914\u20138.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"7414_CR3","first-page":"157","volume":"11","author":"R van den Berg","year":"2009","unstructured":"van den Berg R, van Hoogstraten I, van Agtmael M. Non-responsiveness to hepatitis B vaccination in HIV seropositive patients; possible causes and solutions. AIDS Rev. 2009;11:157\u201364.","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"key":"7414_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit937","volume":"58","author":"S Kern\u00e9is","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kern\u00e9is S, et al. Long-term immune responses to vaccination in HIV-Infected patients: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58:1130\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"7414_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-017-0165-y","volume":"6","author":"NF Crum-Cianflone","year":"2017","unstructured":"Crum-Cianflone NF, Sullivan E. Vaccinations for the HIV-Infected adult: A review of the current Recommendations, part II. Infect Dis Ther. 2017;6:333\u201361.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"7414_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.04.008","volume":"33","author":"Z Hu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hu Z, et al. HIV-associated memory B cell perturbations. Vaccine. 2015;33:2524\u20139.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"7414_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-023-00647-z","volume":"20","author":"M Augello","year":"2023","unstructured":"Augello M, Bono V, Rovito R, Tincati C, Marchetti G. Immunologic interplay between HIV\/AIDS and COVID-19: adding fuel to the flames? Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep. 2023;20:51\u201375.","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"key":"7414_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e690","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(21)00239-3","volume":"8","author":"X Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang X, et al. Associations between HIV infection and clinical spectrum of COVID-19: a population level analysis based on US National COVID cohort collaborative (N3C) data. Lancet HIV. 2021;8:e690\u2013700.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"7414_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e486","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(22)00097-2","volume":"9","author":"S Bertagnolio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bertagnolio S, et al. Clinical features of, and risk factors for, severe or fatal COVID-19 among people living with HIV admitted to hospital: analysis of data from the WHO global clinical platform of COVID-19. Lancet HIV. 2022;9:e486\u201395.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"7414_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2037069","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.37069","volume":"4","author":"JM Tesoriero","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tesoriero JM, et al. COVID-19 outcomes among persons living with or without diagnosed HIV infection in new York state. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4:e2037069.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"7414_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-023-01480-6","volume":"5","author":"HA Hanson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hanson HA, Kim E, Badowski MEA, Systematic Review. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on Morbidity, Mortality, and viral suppression in patients living with HIV. SN Compr Clin Med. 2023;5:144.","journal-title":"SN Compr Clin Med"},{"key":"7414_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.05.018","volume":"28","author":"A Corma-G\u00f3mez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Corma-G\u00f3mez A, et al. Severe immunosuppression is related to poorer immunogenicity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines among people living with HIV. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022;28:1492\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"7414_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Woldemeskel BA, et al. The BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine elicits robust humoral and cellular immune responses in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Clin Infect Dis. 2021;ciab648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab648.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab648"},{"key":"7414_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Antinori A, et al. Humoral and cellular immune response elicited by mRNA vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus receiving antiretroviral therapy based on current CD4 T-Lymphocyte count. Clin Infect Dis. 2022;ciac238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac238.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac238"},{"key":"7414_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kling KD, et al. No difference in anti-spike antibody and surrogate viral neutralization following SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination in persons with HIV compared to controls (CO-HIV Study). Front Immunol. 2023;13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1048776"},{"key":"7414_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Portillo V, et al. Impact on HIV-1 RNA levels and antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in HIV-Infected individuals. Front Immunol. 2022;12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.820126"},{"key":"7414_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4922","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32263-7","volume":"13","author":"A Vergori","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vergori A, et al. Immunogenicity to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine third dose in people living with HIV. Nat Commun. 2022;13:4922.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"7414_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-023-00245-5","volume":"3","author":"J Polvere","year":"2023","unstructured":"Polvere J, et al. B cell response after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in people living with HIV. Commun Med. 2023;3:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Commun Med"},{"key":"7414_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.105862","volume":"26","author":"E Touizer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Touizer E, et al. Attenuated humoral responses in HIV after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination linked to B cell defects and altered immune profiles. iScience. 2023;26:105862.","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"7414_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3261","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10123261","volume":"10","author":"G Lamacchia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lamacchia G, et al. Fourth dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine transiently reactivates Spike-Specific immunological memory in people living with HIV (PLWH). Biomedicines. 2022;10:3261.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"7414_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-025-01129-6","volume":"10","author":"M-C Trieu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Trieu M-C, et al. Bivalent mRNA booster vaccination recalls cellular and antibody immunity against antigenically divergent SARS-CoV-2 Spike antigens. Npj Vaccines. 2025;10:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Npj Vaccines"},{"key":"7414_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e79924","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.79924","volume":"11","author":"R Krause","year":"2022","unstructured":"Krause R, et al. HIV skews the SARS-CoV-2 B cell response towards an extrafollicular maturation pathway. eLife. 2022;11:e79924.","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"7414_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vanetti C, et al. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in HIV-vertically infected young patients after three doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Front Immunol. 2024;14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1301766"},{"key":"7414_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-024-00972-3","volume":"9","author":"A Alirezaylavasani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alirezaylavasani A, et al. Vaccine responses and hybrid immunity in people living with HIV after SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections. Npj Vaccines. 2024;9:1\u201315.","journal-title":"Npj Vaccines"},{"key":"7414_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-023-01095-w","volume":"21","author":"D Lapuente","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lapuente D, Winkler TH, Tenbusch M. B-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2: infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity. Cell Mol Immunol. 2024;21:144\u201358.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"7414_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aguilar-Bretones M, Fouchier RAM, Koopmans MPG, van Nierop GP. Impact of antigenic evolution and original antigenic sin on SARS-CoV-2 immunity. J Clin Invest. 2023;133.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI162192"},{"key":"7414_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.06.010","volume":"134","author":"A Vergori","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vergori A, et al. Neutralizing activity and T-cell response after bivalent fifth dose of messenger RNA vaccine in people living with HIV. Int J Infect Dis. 2023;134:195\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"7414_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200125","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.45.2200125","volume":"27","author":"P Stefanelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stefanelli P, et al. Tracking the progressive spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Italy, December 2021 to January 2022. Eurosurveillance. 2022;27:2200125.","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"7414_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3751","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.740708","volume":"12","author":"A Ciabattini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ciabattini A, et al. Evidence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific memory B cells six months after vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Front Immunol. 2021;12:3751.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"7414_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lucchesi S, Nolfi E, Pettini E, Pastore G, Fiorino F, Pozzi G, et al. Computational analysis of multiparametric flow cytometric data to dissect B cell subsets in vaccine studies. Cytometry A. 2020;97(3):259\u201367 https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cyto.a.23922","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.23922"},{"key":"7414_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.22625","volume":"87","author":"S Van Gassen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Van Gassen S, et al. FlowSOM: using self-organizing maps for visualization and interpretation of cytometry data. Cytometry A. 2015;87:636\u201345.","journal-title":"Cytometry A"},{"key":"7414_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu677","volume":"31","author":"M Malek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Malek M, et al. FlowDensity: reproducing manual gating of flow cytometry data by automated density-based cell population identification. Bioinformatics. 2015;31:606\u20137.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"7414_CR33","unstructured":"Therneau T, Atkinson B, Ripley B, Ripley MB. Package \u2018rpart\u2019. 2015. Available online: https:\/\/www.cran.ma.ic.ac.uk\/web\/packages\/rpart\/rpart.pdf. (accessed on 20 April 2016)."},{"key":"7414_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams G, Williams MG, RGtk S. Package \u2018rattle\u2019. 2013.","DOI":"10.1093\/acref\/9780195301731.013.36599"},{"key":"7414_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9101480","volume":"9","author":"F Fiorino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fiorino F, et al. The slower antibody response in myelofibrosis patients after two doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine calls for a third dose. Biomedicines. 2021;9:1480.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"7414_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.20411\/pai.v5i1.341","volume":"5","author":"A Muscatello","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muscatello A, et al. Enhanced immunological recovery with early start of antiretroviral therapy during acute or early HIV Infection-Results of Italian network of acute HIV infection (INACTION) retrospective study. Pathog Immun. 2020;5:8\u201333.","journal-title":"Pathog Immun"},{"key":"7414_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002525","volume":"86","author":"M Fabbiani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fabbiani M, et al. Integrase inhibitors use and cytomegalovirus infection predict immune recovery in people living with HIV starting First-Line therapy. JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2021;86:119\u201327.","journal-title":"JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"7414_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13615","volume":"205","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Y, Li Z, Hu F. Double-negative (DN) B cells: an under\u2010recognized effector memory B cell subset in autoimmunity. Clin Exp Immunol. 2021;205:119\u201327.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"7414_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanz I, et al. Challenges and opportunities for consistent classification of human B cell and plasma cell populations. Front Immunol. 2019;10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02458"},{"key":"7414_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2017.07.003","volume":"321","author":"S Portugal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Portugal S, Obeng-Adjei N, Moir S, Crompton PD, Pierce SK. Atypical memory B cells in human chronic infectious diseases: an interim report. Cell Immunol. 2017;321:18\u201325.","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"7414_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328361a427","volume":"27","author":"S Amu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Amu S, Ruffin N, Rethi B, Chiodi F. Impairment of B-cell functions during HIV-1 infection. AIDS. 2013;27:2323\u201334.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"7414_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adc9127","volume":"378","author":"Y-J Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park Y-J, et al. Imprinted antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages. Science. 2022;378:619\u201327.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"7414_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06025-4","volume":"617","author":"WB Alsoussi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alsoussi WB, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron boosting induces de Novo B cell response in humans. Nature. 2023;617:592\u20138.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7414_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.04.009","volume":"185","author":"RR Goel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goel RR, et al. Efficient recall of Omicron-reactive B cell memory after a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. Cell. 2022;185:1875\u2013e18878.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"7414_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00158-9","volume":"10","author":"C Piernas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Piernas C, et al. Associations of BMI with COVID-19 vaccine uptake, vaccine effectiveness, and risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes after vaccination in england: a population-based cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;10:571\u201380.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"7414_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12722","volume":"283","author":"A Nasi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nasi A, Chiodi F. Mechanisms regulating expansion of CD8\u2009+\u2009T cells during HIV-1 infection. J Intern Med. 2018;283:257\u201367.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"7414_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05147-1","volume":"22","author":"G Montesi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Montesi G, et al. Predicting humoral responses to primary and booster SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in people living with HIV: a machine learning approach. J Translational Med. 2024;22:432.","journal-title":"J Translational Med"},{"key":"7414_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madzime M, Rossouw TM, Theron AJ, Anderson R, Steel HC. Interactions of HIV and antiretroviral therapy with neutrophils and platelets. Front Immunol. 2021;12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.634386"},{"key":"7414_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13212","volume":"14","author":"S SeyedAlinaghi","year":"2023","unstructured":"SeyedAlinaghi S, et al. A systematic review of sarcopenia prevalence and associated factors in people living with human immunodeficiency virus. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2023;14:1168\u201382.","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"7414_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01377-8","volume":"27","author":"DS Khoury","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khoury DS, et al. Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Med. 2021;27:1205\u201311.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"7414_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13202","author":"N Jedicke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jedicke N, et al. Humoral immune response following prime and boost BNT162b2 vaccination in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hiv.13202.","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"7414_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13419","volume":"291","author":"LD Heftdal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heftdal LD, et al. Humoral response to two doses of BNT162b2 vaccination in people with HIV. J Intern Med. 2022;291:513\u20138.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"7414_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-022-00452-6","volume":"7","author":"ZL Brumme","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brumme ZL, et al. Humoral immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination in people living with HIV receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Npj Vaccines. 2022;7:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Npj Vaccines"},{"key":"7414_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003135","volume":"36","author":"X Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu X, Vesterbacka J, Aleman S, Nowak P. High seroconversion rate after vaccination with mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 among people with HIV \u2013 but HIV viremia matters? AIDS. 2022;36:479\u201381.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"7414_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.04.090","volume":"40","author":"L Nault","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nault L, et al. Covid-19 vaccine immunogenicity in people living with HIV-1. Vaccine. 2022;40:3633\u20137.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"7414_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107959","volume":"26","author":"C Swan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Swan C, et al. Third COVID-19 vaccine dose boosts antibody function in Rwandans with high HIV viral load. iScience. 2023;26:107959.","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"7414_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac229","volume":"227","author":"HR Lapointe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lapointe HR, et al. People with human immunodeficiency virus receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy show typical antibody durability after dual coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination and strong third dose responses. J Infect Dis. 2022;227:838\u201349.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"7414_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heftdal LD, et al. Humoral and cellular immune responses eleven months after the third dose of BNT162b2 an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine in people with HIV \u2013 a prospective observational cohort study. eBioMedicine. 2023;93.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104661"},{"key":"7414_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.3390\/v14081710","volume":"14","author":"A Vergori","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vergori A, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant neutralization after third dose vaccination in PLWH. Viruses. 2022;14:1710.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"7414_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F11","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003519","volume":"37","author":"PK Cheung","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheung PK, et al. SARS-CoV-2 live virus neutralization after four COVID-19 vaccine doses in people with HIV receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2023;37:F11\u20138.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"7414_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2025.105577","volume":"113","author":"A Ciabattini","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ciabattini A, et al. Longitudinal immunogenicity cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines across individuals with different Immunocompromising conditions: heterogeneity in the immune response and crucial role of Omicron-adapted booster doses. eBioMedicine. 2025;113:105577.","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Translational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12967-025-07414-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12967-025-07414-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12967-025-07414-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T14:11:56Z","timestamp":1764339116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12967-025-07414-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-025-07414-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-5876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-5876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the local Ethical Committee for Clinical experimentation (Comitato Etico Regione Toscana - Area Vasta Sud Est, CEAVSE) and written informed consent was obtained from each participant.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have read and agreed to the submitted version of the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All the authors declare no conflict of interest regarding this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1364"}}