{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T01:24:08Z","timestamp":1773105848677,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":32,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Transl Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-026-07756-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T13:05:54Z","timestamp":1770296754000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A phenome-wide hunt for risk factors of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: from metabolic clues to neuroimaging evidence"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Dongming","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ancha","family":"Baranova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenxi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongbao","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3204-8191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuquan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Metabolomics Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"19","key":"7756_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.2247","volume":"317","author":"B Sabayan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sabayan B, Sorond F. Reducing risk of dementia in older age. JAMA. 2017;317(19):2028.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10284","key":"7756_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32205-4","volume":"397","author":"P Scheltens","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scheltens P, Strooper BD, Kivipelto M, Holstege H, Chetelat G, Teunissen CE, et al. Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Lancet. 2021;397(10284):1577\u201390.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"7756_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-0206","volume":"45","author":"MD Machado-Fragua","year":"2022","unstructured":"Machado-Fragua MD, Fayosse A, Yerramalla MS, van Sloten TT, Tabak AG, Kivimaki M, et al. Association of metabolic syndrome with incident dementia: role of number and age at measurement of components in a 28-year follow-up of the whitehall II cohort study. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(9):2127\u201335.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"7756_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-0105","volume":"45","author":"EM Litkowski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Litkowski EM, Logue MW, Zhang R, Charest BR, Lange EM, Hokanson JE, et al. A diabetes genetic risk score is associated with all-cause dementia and clinically diagnosed vascular dementia in the million veteran Program. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(11):2544\u201352.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"7756_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000684","volume":"34","author":"MJ Lennon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lennon MJ, Koncz R, Sachdev PS. Hypertension and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: is the picture any clearer? Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2021;34(2):142\u201348.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"7756_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2016.04.017","volume":"1863","author":"S Pugazhenthi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pugazhenthi S, Qin L, Reddy PH. Common neurodegenerative pathways in obesity, diabetes, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2017;1863(5):1037\u201345.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"7756_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kao YC, Ho PC, Tu YK, Jou IM, Tsai KJ. Lipids and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(4).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041505"},{"issue":"24","key":"7756_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4501","volume":"323","author":"G Hirode","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hirode G, Wong RJ. Trends in the Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the United States, 2011-2016. JAMA. 2020;323(24):2526\u201328.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"7756_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2870-y","volume":"16","author":"R Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li R, Li W, Lun Z, Zhang H, Sun Z, Kanu JS, et al. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Mainland China: a meta-analysis of published studies. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:296.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"16","key":"7756_CR10","first-page":"1640","volume":"120","author":"KG Alberti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention. Natl Heart, Lung, Blood Inst; Am Heart Assoc; World Heart Fed; Int Atherosclerosis Soc; Int Assoc The Study Obes. Circ. 2009;120(16):1640\u201345.","journal-title":"Natl Heart, Lung, Blood Inst; Am Heart Assoc; World Heart Fed; Int Atherosclerosis Soc; Int Assoc The Study Obes. Circ"},{"issue":"1","key":"7756_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13439","volume":"20","author":"D Qureshi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qureshi D, Collister J, Allen NE, Kuzma E, Littlejohns T. Association between metabolic syndrome and risk of incident dementia in UK Biobank. Alzheimers Dement. 2024;20(1):447\u201358.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"6","key":"7756_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2019.01.214","volume":"27","author":"AR Atti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Atti AR, Valente S, Iodice A, Caramella I, Ferrari B, Albert U, et al. Metabolic syndrome, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2019;27(6):625\u201337.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"7756_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","volume":"14","author":"CR Jack Jr","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jack CR Jr, Bennett DA, Blennow K, Carrillo MC, Dunn B, Haeberlein SB, et al. NIA-AA research framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2018;14(4):535\u201362.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"7756_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2025.111258","volume":"137","author":"A Baranova","year":"2025","unstructured":"Baranova A, Liu D, Chandhoke V, Cao H, Zhang F. Unraveling the genetic links between depression and type 2 diabetes. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2025;137:111258.","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"7756_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-03216-z","volume":"14","author":"W Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun W, Baranova A, Liu D, Cao H, Zhang X, Zhang F. Phenome-wide investigation of bidirectional causal relationships between major depressive disorder and common human diseases. Transl Psychiatry. 2024;14(1):506.","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"7756_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2024.111164","volume":"136","author":"A Baranova","year":"2025","unstructured":"Baranova A, Liu D, Sun W, Xu C, Chen M, Cao H, et al. Antidepressants account for the causal effect of major depressive disorder on type 2 diabetes. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2025;136:111164.","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"7756_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70132","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70132","volume":"30","author":"Q Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao Q, Liu D, Baranova A, Cao H, Zhang F. Novel insights into the causal effects and shared genetics between body fat and Parkinson disease. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2024;30(11):e70132.","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"7756_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e102225","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2025-102225","volume":"38","author":"L Fu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fu L, Baranova A, Cao H, Zhang F. Investigating the causal role of circulating metabolites in major depressive disorder. Gen Psychiatr. 2025;38(6):e102225.","journal-title":"Gen Psychiatr"},{"issue":"7944","key":"7756_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05473-8","volume":"613","author":"MI Kurki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kurki MI, Karjalainen J, Palta P, Sipila TP, Kristiansson K, Donner KM, et al. FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population. Nature. 2023;613(7944):508\u201318.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"7756_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0311-9","volume":"51","author":"IE Jansen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jansen IE, Savage JE, Watanabe K, Bryois J, Williams DM, Steinberg S, et al. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new loci and functional pathways influencing Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk. Nat Genet. 2019;51(3):404\u201313.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"11","key":"7756_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00954-4","volume":"53","author":"L Jiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang L, Zheng Z, Fang H, Yang J. A generalized linear mixed model association tool for biobank-scale data. Nat Genet. 2021;53(11):1616\u201321.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"7890","key":"7756_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04064-3","volume":"600","author":"SE Graham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Graham SE, Clarke SL, Wu KH, Kanoni S, Zajac GJM, Ramdas S, et al. The power of genetic diversity in genome-wide association studies of lipids. Nature. 2021;600(7890):675\u201379.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"7756_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3001547","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001547","volume":"20","author":"TG Richardson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Richardson TG, Leyden GM, Wang Q, Bell JA, Elsworth B, Smith GD, et al. Characterising metabolomic signatures of lipid-modifying therapies through drug target mendelian randomisation. PLoS Biol. 2022;20(2):e3001547.","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"7756_CR24","unstructured":"ADNI. Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 1 Clinical Protocols [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2020 Jul 7]. Available from:. http:\/\/adni.loni.usc.edu\/wp-content\/themes\/freshnewsdev-v2\/documents\/clinical\/ADNI-1_Protocol.pdf"},{"issue":"9","key":"7756_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx016","volume":"186","author":"P Wurtz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wurtz P, Kangas AJ, Soininen P, Lawlor DA, Smith GD, Ala-Korpela M. Quantitative serum nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics in large-Scale Epidemiology: a primer on -omic technologies. Am J Epidemiol. 2017;186(9):1084\u201396.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"7756_CR26","unstructured":"Soininen P. NMR analysis of human serum samples from the Alzheimer\u2019s disease Neuroimaging Initiative using the nightingale Health platform. 2021. https:\/\/ida.loni.usc.edu\/download\/files\/study\/9a1497f4-ee5f-4905-83a0-f9aac22f0bff\/file\/adni\/adni1_nightingale2_methods_20210222.pdf."},{"issue":"5","key":"7756_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00826-4","volume":"24","author":"SM Smith","year":"2021","unstructured":"Smith SM, Douaud G, Chen W, Hanayik T, Alfaro-Almagro F, Sharp K, et al. An expanded set of genome-wide association studies of brain imaging phenotypes in UK Biobank. Nat Neurosci. 2021;24(5):737\u201345.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"7756_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fischl B, F. Neuroimage. 2012;62(2):774\u201381.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021"},{"key":"7756_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116563","volume":"210","author":"EM Brown","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brown EM, Pierce ME, Clark DC, Fischl BR, Iglesias JE, Milberg WP, et al. Test-retest reliability of FreeSurfer automated hippocampal subfield segmentation within and across scanners. Neuroimage. 2020;210:116563.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"7756_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.04.042","volume":"115","author":"JE Iglesias","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iglesias JE, Augustinack JC, Nguyen K, Player CM, Player A, Wright M, et al. A computational atlas of the hippocampal formation using ex vivo, ultra-high resolution MRI: application to adaptive segmentation of in vivo MRI. Neuroimage. 2015;115:117\u201337.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"7756_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080982","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1080982","volume":"10","author":"Q Dong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dong Q, Chen D, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Yan L, Jiang J. Constipation and cardiovascular disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1080982.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"7756_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21998","volume":"40","author":"S Burgess","year":"2016","unstructured":"Burgess S, Davies NM, Thompson SG. Bias due to participant overlap in two-sample Mendelian randomization. Genet Epidemiol. 2016;40(7):597\u2013608.","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7756_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-230623","volume":"96","author":"Q He","year":"2023","unstructured":"He Q, Wang W, Li H, Xiong Y, Tao C, Ma L, et al. Genetic insights into the risk of metabolic syndrome and its components on dementia: a Mendelian randomization. J Alzheimers Dis. 2023;96(2):725\u201343.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"7756_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baranova A, Fu L, Zhao Q, Liu D, Cao H, Chandhoke V, et al. Fat-brain axis indicated by mutual impacts between body fat and brain phenotypes. J Transl Med. 2025.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-07453-8"},{"issue":"6","key":"7756_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100129","volume":"12","author":"D Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu D, Cao H, Baranova A, Xu C, Zhang F. Opposite causal effects of type 2 diabetes and metformin on Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2025;12(6):100129.","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"7756_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06148-4","volume":"23","author":"A Vignoli","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vignoli A, Bellomo G, Paoletti FP, Luchinat C, Tenori L, Parnetti L. Studying Alzheimer\u2019s disease through an integrative serum metabolomic and lipoproteomic approach. J Transl Med. 2025;23(1):119.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"7756_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05796-2","volume":"22","author":"J Jie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jie J, Gong Y, Hu H, Liu S. The role of cerebrospinal fluid metabolites in mediating the impact of lipids on Late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a two-step mendelian randomization analysis. J Transl Med. 2024;22(1):1077.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"7756_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2024.148","volume":"11","author":"D Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu D, Baranova A, Zhang F. Evaluating the causal effect of type 2 diabetes on Alzheimer\u2019s disease using large-Scale genetic data. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2024;11(5):1280\u201382.","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"7756_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0228-7","volume":"15","author":"Y Yamazaki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yamazaki Y, Zhao N, Caulfield TR, Liu CC, Bu G. Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease: pathobiology and targeting strategies. Nat Rev Neurol. 2019;15(9):501\u201318.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"7756_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Litvinchuk A, Suh JH, Guo JL, Lin K, Davis SS, Bien-Ly N, et al. Amelioration of tau and ApoE4-linked glial lipid accumulation and neurodegeneration with an LXR agonist. Neuron. 2024;112(3):384\u2013403 e8.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.10.023"},{"issue":"11","key":"7756_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01640-9","volume":"24","author":"CC Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu CC, Wang N, Chen Y, Inoue Y, Shue F, Ren Y, et al. Cell-autonomous effects of APOE4 in restricting microglial response in brain homeostasis and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Immunol. 2023;24(11):1854\u201366.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"7756_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Royall DR, Palmer RF, I. Alzheimer\u2019s disease Neuroimaging, statin use moderates APOE\u2019s and CRP\u2019s associations with dementia and is associated with lesser dementia severity in epsilon4 carriers. Alzheimers Dement. 2024;20(3):1627\u201336.","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13543"},{"issue":"8","key":"7756_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.03.004","volume":"110","author":"YA Martens","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martens YA, Zhao N, Liu CC, Kanekiyo T, Yang AJ, Goate AM, et al. ApoE cascade hypothesis in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias. Neuron. 2022;110(8):1304\u201317.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"7","key":"7756_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.0648","volume":"76","author":"TS Wingo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wingo TS, Cutler DJ, Wingo AP, Le NA, Rabinovici GD, Miller BL, et al. Association of early-onset Alzheimer disease with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and rare genetic coding variants of APOB. JAMA Neurol. 2019;76(7):809\u201317.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"7756_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.0212","volume":"76","author":"M Ishii","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ishii M. Apolipoprotein B as a new link between cholesterol and Alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurol. 2019;76(7):751\u201353.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7756_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12442","volume":"18","author":"C Picard","year":"2022","unstructured":"Picard C, Nilsson N, Labonte A, Auld D, Rosa-Neto P, Neuroimaging IAD, et al. Apolipoprotein B is a novel marker for early tau pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2022;18(5):875\u201387.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"7756_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zarzar TG, Lee B, Coughlin R, Kim D, Shen L, Hall MA. Sex differences in the metabolome of Alzheimer\u2019s disease progression. Front Radiol. 2022;2.","DOI":"10.3389\/fradi.2022.782864"},{"issue":"4","key":"7756_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100067","volume":"12","author":"H Hu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hu H, Mao J, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Zhuang C, He JH, et al. Assessing the causal role of lipid metabolites in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a mendelian randomization study. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2025;12(4):100067.","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"7756_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12009","volume":"16","author":"RJ Dawe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dawe RJ, Yu L, Arfanakis K, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, Boyle PA. Late-life cognitive decline is associated with hippocampal volume, above and beyond its associations with traditional neuropathologic indices. Alzheimers Dement. 2020;16(1):209\u201318.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"3","key":"7756_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.075","volume":"60","author":"DP Devanand","year":"2012","unstructured":"Devanand DP, Bansal R, Liu J, Hao X, Pradhaban G, Peterson BS. MRI hippocampal and entorhinal cortex mapping in predicting conversion to Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neuroimage. 2012;60(3):1622\u201329.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"7756_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2013.10.003","volume":"25","author":"H Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang H, Eckel RH. What are lipoproteins doing in the brain? Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2014;25(1):8\u201314.","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"7756_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2004.01.015","volume":"16","author":"M Mulder","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mulder M, Jansen PJ, Janssen BJ, van de Berg WD, van der Boom H, Havekes LM, et al. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-knockout mice display impaired spatial memory associated with a decreased synaptic density in the hippocampus. Neurobiol Dis. 2004;16(1):212\u201319.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"21","key":"7756_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.08.042","volume":"30","author":"H Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee H, Stirnberg R, Wu S, Wang X, Stocker T, Jung S, et al. Genetic Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk affects the neural mechanisms of pattern separation in hippocampal subfields. Curr Biol. 2020;30(21):4201\u201312 e3.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"7756_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab114","volume":"144","author":"D Berron","year":"2021","unstructured":"Berron D, Vogel JW, Insel PS, Pereira JB, Xie L, Wisse LEM, et al. Early stages of tau pathology and its associations with functional connectivity, atrophy and memory. Brain. 2021;144(9):2771\u201383.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"7756_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20140164","volume":"42","author":"IH Dias","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dias IH, Polidori MC, Griffiths HR. Hypercholesterolaemia-induced oxidative stress at the blood-brain barrier. Biochem Soc Trans. 2014;42(4):1001\u201305.","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"7756_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2018.11.007","volume":"98","author":"R Hong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hong R, Wang Z, Sui A, Liu X, Fan C, Lipkind S, et al. Gingival mesenchymal stem cells attenuate pro-inflammatory macrophages stimulated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein and modulate lipid metabolism. Arch Oral Biol. 2019;98:92\u201398.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"7756_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309482","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1309482","volume":"18","author":"D Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu D, Lu J, Wei L, Yao M, Yang H, Lv P, et al. Olfactory deficit: a potential functional marker across the Alzheimer\u2019s disease continuum. Front Neurosci. 2024;18:1309482.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"7756_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.11.JNS191982","volume":"134","author":"D Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu D, Chen J, Hu X, Hu G, Liu Y, Yang K, et al. Contralesional homotopic functional plasticity in patients with temporal glioma. J Neurosurg. 2021;134(2):417\u201325.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"9","key":"7756_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-09582-4","volume":"33","author":"D Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu D, Chen J, Ge H, Yan Z, Luo B, Hu X, et al. Structural plasticity of the contralesional hippocampus and its subfields in patients with glioma. Eur Radiol. 2023;33(9):6107\u201315.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7756_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2614","volume":"10","author":"NM van Strien","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Strien NM, Cappaert NL, Witter MP. The anatomy of memory: an interactive overview of the parahippocampal-hippocampal network. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009;10(4):272\u201382.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"7756_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01341-2","volume":"9","author":"M Dadar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dadar M, Camicioli R, Duchesne S. Multi sequence average templates for aging and neurodegenerative disease populations. Sci Data. 2022;9(1):238.","journal-title":"Sci Data"}],"container-title":["Journal of Translational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12967-026-07756-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12967-026-07756-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12967-026-07756-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T14:04:07Z","timestamp":1773065047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12967-026-07756-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7756"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-026-07756-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-5876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-5876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The individual data utilized in this study were sourced from publicly available datasets, for which the original research had already obtained written informed consent. Stringent measures have been implemented to safeguard the privacy and confidentiality of all participants involved. As such, no additional consent for publication was required for this specific study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"None.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"334"}}