{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T18:02:52Z","timestamp":1789668172860,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82388101, 82271122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82388101, 82271122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024YFB4710200, 2024YFB4710205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFB4710200, 2024YFB4710205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund","award":["ZDYF2024LCLH004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2024LCLH004"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20DZ2270800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20DZ2270800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Eye Disease Research Center","award":["2022ZZ01003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZZ01003"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning Project","award":["2022XD006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022XD006"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2030 Initiative","award":["WH510272301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WH510272301"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Three-Year Plan for the Inheritance and Innovative Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["2-5-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2-5-1"]}]},{"name":"Research Development Fund of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","award":["RDF-24-01-110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RDF-24-01-110"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Transl Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-026-08401-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T05:43:40Z","timestamp":1781070220000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["ProptoView: AI-based digital exophthalmometry using multi-view facial images in a multinational validation study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8776-8743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaoyu","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sifan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyuan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. S.","family":"Pandiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianbin","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunsern","family":"Wattanaphanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingwei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jionglong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xukun","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunisa","family":"Sintuwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chee Chew","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8636-861X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huifang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"8401_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-023-02054-y","volume":"46","author":"C Lei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lei C, Qu M, Sun H, Huang J, Huang J, Song X, et al. Facial expression of patients with Graves\u2019 orbitopathy. J Endocrinol Invest. 2023;46(10):2055\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-023-02054-y. PubMed PMID: 37005981.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"8401_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-021-00385-8","volume":"10","author":"KP Cockerham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cockerham KP, Padnick-Silver L, Stuertz N, Francis-Sedlak M, Holt RJ. Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Thyroid Eye Disease in the United States. Ophthalmol Ther. 2021;10(4):975\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40123-021-00385-8.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"8401_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2022.0251","volume":"32","author":"HB Burch","year":"2022","unstructured":"Burch HB, Perros P, Bednarczuk T, Cooper DS, Dolman PJ, Leung AM, et al. Management of Thyroid Eye Disease: A Consensus Statement by the American Thyroid Association and the European Thyroid Association. Thyroid. 2022;32(12):1439\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/thy.2022.0251","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"2","key":"8401_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl","volume":"51","author":"TD Hoang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hoang TD, Stocker DJ, Chou EL, Burch HB. 2022 Update on Clinical Management of Graves Disease and Thyroid Eye Disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2022;51(2):287\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"8401_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Topilow NJ, Tran AQ, Koo EB, Alabiad CR. Etiologies of proptosis: a review. Intern Med Rev (Wash D C). 2020;6(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18103\/imr.v6i3.852. PubMed PMID: 32382689; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7204542.","DOI":"10.18103\/imr.v6i3.852"},{"issue":"5","key":"8401_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830.2015.1057291","volume":"34","author":"N Ramli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ramli N, Kala S, Samsudin A, Rahmat K, Zainal Abidin Z. Proptosis\u2014Correlation and Agreement between Hertel Exophthalmometry and Computed Tomography. Orbit. 2015;34(5):257\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/01676830.2015.1057291.","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"issue":"5","key":"8401_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2018.1431285","volume":"43","author":"J Guo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guo J, Qian J, Yuan Y. Computed Tomography Measurements as a Standard of Exophthalmos? Two-Dimensional Versus Three-Dimensional Techniques. Curr Eye Res. 2018;43(5):647\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02713683.2018.1431285.","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"8401_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5001049","volume":"28","author":"J Delmas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Delmas J, Loustau JM, Martin S, Bourmault L, Adenis JP, Robert PY. Comparative study of 3 exophthalmometers and computed tomographic biometry. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2018;28(2):144\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5301\/ejo.5001049.","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8401_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2019.07.001","volume":"9","author":"C Franco de S\u00e1 Gomes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Franco de S\u00e1 Gomes C, Libdy MR, Normando D. Scan time, reliability and accuracy of craniofacial measurements using a 3D light scanner. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2019;9(4):331\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jobcr.2019.07.001. PubMed PMID: 31388482; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6669702.","journal-title":"J Oral Biol Craniofac Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"8401_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1290","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005671","volume":"143","author":"MJ Cammarata","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cammarata MJ, Wake N, Kantar RS, Maroutsis M, Rifkin WJ, Hazen A, et al. Three-Dimensional Analysis of Donor Masks for Facial Transplantation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019;143(6):e1290\u20137. 10. 1097\/PRS.0000000000005671 PubMed PMID: 30907812.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"8401_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2018.11.004","volume":"63","author":"CA Grant","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grant CA, Johnston M, Adam CJ, Little JP. Accuracy of 3D surface scanners for clinical torso and spinal deformity assessment. Med Eng Phys. 2019;63:63\u201371. PubMed PMID: 30467027.","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"issue":"10","key":"8401_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.4044","volume":"141","author":"T Popov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Popov T, Fierz FC, Bockisch CJ, Weber KP, et al. Using Smartphone Exophthalmometry to Measure Eyeball Protrusion. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2023;141(10):974\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.4044.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8401_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-026-01447-3","volume":"6","author":"C Lei","year":"2026","unstructured":"Lei C, Ji K, Zhao C, Zhong S, Cao C, Chen H, et al. Sequential sensitivity analysis of multimodal large language models for rare orbital disease detection. Commun Med (Lond). 2026;6(1):175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43856-026-01447-3.","journal-title":"Commun Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"22","key":"8401_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2832","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10222832","volume":"10","author":"J Jakubowski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jakubowski J, Potulska-Chromik A, Bia\u0142ek K, Nojszewska M, Kostera-Pruszczyk A. A Study on the Possible Diagnosis of Parkinson\u2019s Disease on the Basis of Facial Image Analysis. Electronics. 2021;10(22):2832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/electronics10222832.","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"issue":"11","key":"8401_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29554","DOI":"10.2196\/29554","volume":"23","author":"X Hou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hou X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhao J, Zhu X, et al. A Markerless 2D Video, Facial Feature Recognition\u2013Based, Artificial Intelligence Model to Assist With Screening for Parkinson Disease: Development and Usability Study. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(11):e29554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/29554.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"8401_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-02310-w","volume":"9","author":"C Lei","year":"2026","unstructured":"Lei C, Zhao C, Chen J, Duan X, Xu C, Yip CC, et al. Enhancing ocular sign detection: AI-based strategic segmentation for improved accuracy and privacy protection. NPJ Digit Med. 2026;9(1):130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-025-02310-w.","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"8401_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patter.2025.101175","volume":"6","author":"C Lei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lei C, Dang K, Song S, Wang Z, Chew SP, Bian R, et al. AI-assisted facial analysis in healthcare: From disease detection to comprehensive management. Patterns. 2025;6(2):101175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patter.2025.101175.","journal-title":"Patterns"},{"issue":"6","key":"8401_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9394","volume":"119","author":"GB Bartley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bartley GB, Gorman CA. Diagnostic criteria for Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1995;119(6):792\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9394. (14)72787-4 PubMed PMID: 7785696.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8401_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn101909-20240502-00094","volume":"2","author":"C Lei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lei C, Wang H, Zhao C, et al. Discussion on facial image acquisition specifications for diagnostic assessment of ocular diseases. Digit Med Health. 2024;2(4):219\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.cn101909-20240502-00094.","journal-title":"Digit Med Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"8401_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G43","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-0479","volume":"185","author":"L Bartalena","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bartalena L, Kahaly GJ, Baldeschi L, Dayan CM, Eckstein A, Marcocci C, et al. The 2021 European Group on Graves\u2019 orbitopathy (EUGOGO) clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of Graves\u2019 orbitopathy. Eur J Endocrinol. 2021;185(4):G43\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-21-0479.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"8401_CR21","unstructured":"Cunjian C. PyTorch Face Landmark: A Fast and Accurate Facial Landmark Detector. 2021."},{"key":"8401_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen S, Liu Y, Gao X, Han Z, et al. MobileFaceNets: Efficient CNNs for Accurate Real-Time Face Verification on Mobile Devices. In: Zhou J, Wang Y, Sun Z, Jia Z, Feng J, Shan S, editors. Biometric Recognition [Internet]. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2018 [cited 2024 Sep 8]. pp. 428\u201338. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). Available from: http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-3-319-97909-0_46.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-97909-0_46"},{"key":"8401_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng J, Guo J, Ververas E, Kotsia I, Zafeiriou S, RetinaFace. Single-Shot Multi-Level Face Localisation in the Wild. In: 2020 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) [Internet]. Seattle, WA, USA: IEEE; 2020 [cited 2024 Sep 8]. pp. 5202\u201311. Available from: https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9157330\/10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00525.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00525"},{"key":"8401_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He K, Zhang X, Ren S, Sun J. Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition. In: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) [Internet]. Las Vegas, NV, USA: IEEE; 2016 [cited 2024 Sep 8]. pp. 770\u20138. Available from: http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7780459\/.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"8401_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prakash A, Chitta K, Geiger A. Multi-Modal Fusion Transformer for End-to-End Autonomous Driving. In: 2021 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) [Internet]. Nashville, TN, USA: IEEE; 2021 [cited 2024 Sep 8]. pp. 7073\u201383. Available from: https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9578103\/10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00700.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00700"},{"key":"8401_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Song S, Wang J, Wang Z, Wang H, Su J, Ding X, et al. DualStreamFoveaNet: A dual stream fusion architecture with anatomical awareness for robust fovea localization. IEEE J Biomed Health Inf. 2024:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JBHI.2024.3445112.","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2024.3445112"},{"key":"8401_CR27","unstructured":"Kingma DP, Ba J, Adam. A Method for Stochastic Optimization [Internet]. arXiv; 2017 [cited 2024 Sep 8]. Available from: http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1412.6980."},{"issue":"5","key":"8401_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100791","volume":"5","author":"J Park","year":"2025","unstructured":"Park J, Yoon JS, Kim N, Shin K, Park HY, Kim J, et al. Deep Learning\u2013Driven Exophthalmometry through Facial Photographs in Thyroid Eye Disease. Ophthalmol Sci. 2025;5(5):100791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100791.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"key":"8401_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chattopadhay A, Sarkar A, Howlader P, Balasubramanian VN. Grad-CAM++: Generalized Gradient-Based Visual Explanations for Deep Convolutional Networks. In: 2018 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV) [Internet]. Lake Tahoe, NV: IEEE; 2018 [cited 2024 Sep 8]. pp. 839\u201347. Available from: https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8354201\/10.1109\/WACV.2018.00097.","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2018.00097"},{"key":"8401_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selvaraju RR, Cogswell M, Das A, Vedantam R, Parikh D, Batra D. Grad-CAM: Visual Explanations from Deep Networks via Gradient-Based Localization. In: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) [Internet]. Venice: IEEE; 2017 [cited 2024 Sep 8]. pp. 618\u201326. Available from: http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8237336\/10.1109\/ICCV.2017.74.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.74"},{"key":"8401_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang P, Ji Q. Multi-view face detection under complex scene based on combined SVMs. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004. [Internet]. Cambridge, UK: IEEE; 2004 [cited 2024 Aug 18]. pp. 179\u2013182 Vol.4. Available from: http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/1333733\/10.1109\/ICPR.2004.1333733.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2004.1333733"},{"issue":"3","key":"8401_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021211203","volume":"300","author":"HP Chan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chan HP, Helvie MA. Using Single-View Wide-Angle DBT with AI for Breast Cancer Screening. Radiology. 2021;300(3):537\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2021211203.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"8401_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2019.29019.huy","volume":"22","author":"PP Huynh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huynh PP, Ishii M, Juarez M, Liao D, Darrach HM, Fung N, et al. Normal Gaze Patterns of the Face in Lateral View. Facial Plast Surg Aesthetic Med. 2020;22(2):80\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/fpsam.2019.29019.huy.","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Aesthetic Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"8401_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2021.00262","volume":"48","author":"R Chandawarkar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chandawarkar R, Nadkarni P. Safe clinical photography: best practice guidelines for risk management and mitigation. Arch Plast Surg. 2021;48(03):295\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5999\/aps.2021.00262.","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"8401_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02180-9","volume":"29","author":"W Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen W, Li R, Yu Q, Xu A, Feng Y, Wang R, et al. Early detection of visual impairment in young children using a smartphone-based deep learning system. Nat Med. 2023;29(2):493\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-022-02180-9.","journal-title":"Nat Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Translational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12967-026-08401-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12967-026-08401-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12967-026-08401-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T15:58:37Z","timestamp":1783007917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12967-026-08401-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8401"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-026-08401-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-5876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-5876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (No. SH9H-2022-T380-1), as well as the ethics committees of all participating centers. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all participants, and all procedures were conducted in compliance with applicable guidelines and regulations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"846"}}