{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T22:29:07Z","timestamp":1791584947774,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782000000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Transl Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-026-08497-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T14:55:42Z","timestamp":1782053742000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["PD-1\u2009H (VISTA) drives immunosuppressive reprogramming of glioma-associated myeloid cells to promote glioma progression"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yuduo","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huafeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihai","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengdian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4508-7678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"8497_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0708126","volume":"359","author":"PY Wen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wen PY, Kesari S. Malignant gliomas in adults. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2008;359(5):492\u2013507. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra0708126","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"8497_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043330","volume":"352","author":"R Stupp","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stupp R, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, Weller M, Fisher B, Taphoorn MJB, et al. Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2005;352(10):987\u201396. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa043330","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"8497_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106","volume":"23","author":"DN Louis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Louis DN, Perry A, Wesseling P, Brat DJ, Cree IA, Figarella-Branger D, et al. The 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary. Neuro-Oncology [Internet]. 2021;23(8):1231\u201351. Available from: . https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0242649822000062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106. https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0242649822000062.","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"issue":"3","key":"8497_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-019-0619-4","volume":"20","author":"T McGranahan","year":"2019","unstructured":"McGranahan T, Therkelsen KE, Ahmad S, Nagpal S. Current state of immunotherapy for treatment of glioblastoma. Curr. Treat. Options Oncol [Internet]. 2019;20(3):24. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11864-019-0619-4","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"8497_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.1024","volume":"6","author":"DA Reardon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reardon DA, Brandes AA, Omuro A, Mulholland P, Lim M, Wick A, et al. Effect of nivolumab vs Bevacizumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. JAMA Oncol [Internet]. 2020;6(7):1003. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.1024. https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamaoncology\/fullarticle\/2766213.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"8497_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-024-01226-x","volume":"21","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Zhou F, Ali H, Lathia JD, Chen P. Immunotherapy for glioblastoma: current state, challenges, and future perspectives. Cell Mol Immunol [Internet]. 2024;21(12):1354\u201375. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41423-024-01226-x.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8497_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0337-7","volume":"25","author":"TF Cloughesy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cloughesy TF, Mochizuki AY, Orpilla JR, Hugo W, Lee AH, Davidson TB, et al. Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 immunotherapy promotes a survival benefit with intratumoral and systemic immune responses in recurrent glioblastoma. Nat Med. 2019;25(3):477\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-018-0337-7.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"8497_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0339-5","volume":"25","author":"KA Schalper","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schalper KA, Rodriguez-Ruiz ME, Diez-Valle R, L\u00f3pez-Janeiro A, Porciuncula A, Idoate MA, et al. Neoadjuvant nivolumab modifies the tumor immune microenvironment in resectable glioblastoma. Nat Med [Internet]. 2019;25(3):470\u201376. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-018-0339-5. https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-018-0339-5.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"8497_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz185","volume":"22","author":"J de Groot","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Groot J, Penas-Prado M, Alfaro-Munoz K, Hunter K, Pei BL, O\u2019Brien, et al. Window-of-opportunity clinical trial of pembrolizumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma reveals predominance of immune-suppressive macrophages. Neuro-Oncology [Internet]. 2020;22(4):539\u201349. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noz185. https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neuro-oncology\/article\/22\/4\/539\/5637917.","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"issue":"3","key":"8497_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.02.009","volume":"31","author":"DF Quail","year":"2017","unstructured":"Quail DF, Joyce JA. The microenvironmental landscape of brain tumors. Cancer Cell [Internet]. 2017;31(3):326\u201341. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.02.009. https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1535610817300521.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"8497_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.10.052","volume":"17","author":"RL Bowman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bowman RL, Klemm F, Akkari L, Pyonteck SM, Sevenich L, Quail DF, et al. Macrophage ontogeny underlies differences in tumor-specific Education in brain malignancies. Cell Rep [Internet]. 2016;17(9):2445\u201359. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.10.052. https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211124716314723.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"8497_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4185","volume":"19","author":"D Hambardzumyan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hambardzumyan D, Gutmann DH, Kettenmann H. The role of microglia and macrophages in glioma maintenance and progression. Nat Neurosci [Internet]. 2016;19(1):20\u201327. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.4185. https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nn.4185.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"8497_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01544-7","volume":"17","author":"H Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin H, Liu C, Hu A, Zhang D, Yang H, Mao Y. Understanding the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma: mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives. J Hematol Oncol [Internet]. 2024;17(1):31. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13045-024-01544-7.","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"24","key":"8497_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15612","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415612","volume":"23","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Graeber MB. Microglia and brain macrophages as drivers of glioma progression. IJMS [Internet]. 2022;23(24):15612. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232415612","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"issue":"6","key":"8497_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0127-6","volume":"19","author":"DG DeNardo","year":"2019","unstructured":"DeNardo DG, Ruffell B. Macrophages as regulators of tumour immunity and immunotherapy. Nat Rev Immunol [Internet]. 2019;19(6):369\u201382. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-019-0127-6. https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41577-019-0127-6.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8497_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00789-y","volume":"24","author":"AR Pombo Antunes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pombo Antunes AR, Scheyltjens I, Lodi F, Messiaen J, Antoranz A, Duerinck J, et al. Single-cell profiling of myeloid cells in glioblastoma across species and disease stage reveals macrophage competition and specialization. Nat Neurosci [Internet]. 2021;24(4):595\u2013610. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-020-00789-y. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/33782623.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"8497_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00045","volume":"7","author":"F Ginhoux","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ginhoux F, Lim S, Hoeffel G, Low D, Huber T. Origin and differentiation of microglia. Front Cell Neurosci [Internet]. 2013;7:429\u201340. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2013.00045. https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nri3850.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"8497_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20100619","volume":"208","author":"L Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang L, Rubinstein R, Lines JL, Wasiuk A, Ahonen C, Guo Y, et al. VISTA, a novel mouse Ig superfamily ligand that negatively regulates T cell responses. J Exp Med [Internet]. 2011;208(3):577\u201392. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20100619. https:\/\/rupress.org\/jem\/article\/208\/3\/577\/41047\/VISTA-a-novel-mouse-Ig-superfamily-ligand-that.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"8497_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4308","volume":"23","author":"J Gao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gao J, Ward JF, Pettaway CA, Shi LZ, Subudhi SK, Vence LM, et al. VISTA is an inhibitory immune checkpoint that is increased after ipilimumab therapy in patients with prostate cancer. Nat Med [Internet]. 2017;23(5):551\u201355. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.4308. https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nm.4308.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"8497_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-1504","volume":"74","author":"JL Lines","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lines JL, Pantazi E, Mak J, Sempere LF, Wang L, O\u2019Connell S, et al. VISTA is an immune checkpoint molecule for human T cells. Cancer Res [Internet]. 2014;74(7):1924\u201332. Available from: https:\/\/aacrjournals.org\/cancerres\/article\/74\/7\/1924\/599808\/VISTA-Is-an-Immune-Checkpoint-Molecule-for-Human-T. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-1504. https:\/\/aacrjournals.org\/cancerres\/article\/74\/7\/1924\/599808\/VISTA-Is-an-Immune-Checkpoint-Molecule-for-Human-T.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"6475","key":"8497_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4598","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay0524","volume":"367","author":"MA ElTanbouly","year":"2020","unstructured":"ElTanbouly MA, Zhao Y, Nowak E, Li J, Schaafsma E, Le Mercier I, et al. VISTA is a checkpoint regulator for na\u00efve T cell quiescence and peripheral tolerance. Sci (80-) [Internet]. 2020;367(6475):4598\u2013613. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aay0524","journal-title":"Sci (80-)"},{"issue":"11","key":"8497_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-024-01336-6","volume":"56","author":"RJ Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang RJ, Kim TK. VISTA-mediated immune evasion in cancer. Exp Mol Med [Internet]. 2024;56(11):2348\u201356. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s12276-024-01336-6. https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s12276-024-01336-6.","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"8497_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2023.07.008","volume":"144","author":"MD Vesely","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vesely MD, Kidacki M, Gaule P, Gupta S, Chan NNN, Han X, et al. Immune inhibitory Molecule PD-1 homolog (VISTA) colocalizes with CD11b myeloid cells in melanoma and is associated with poor outcomes. The J Invest Dermatol [Internet]. 2024;144(1):106\u201315.e4. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2023.07.008.","journal-title":"The J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8497_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4271","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39769-8","volume":"14","author":"J Fu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fu J, Li S, Ma H, Yang J, Pagnotti GM, Brown LM, et al. The checkpoint inhibitor PD-1H\/VISTA controls osteoclast-mediated multiple myeloma bone disease. Nat Commun [Internet]. 2023;14(1):4271. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-39769-8.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"8497_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim TK, Han X, Hu Q, Vandsemb EN, Fielder CM, Hong J, et al. PD-1H\/VISTA mediates immune evasion in acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Investigation [Internet]. 2024;134. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI164325.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI164325"},{"key":"8497_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887781","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.887781","volume":"13","author":"Y-J Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin Y-J, Wu CY-J, Wu JY, Lim M. The role of myeloid cells in GBM immunosuppression. Front Immunol [Internet]. 2022;13:887781. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.887781. https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.887781.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"8497_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-1506","volume":"74","author":"I Le Mercier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Le Mercier I, Chen W, Lines JL, Day M, Li J, Sergent P, et al. VISTA regulates the development of protective antitumor immunity. Cancer Res [Internet]. 2014;74(7):1933\u201344. Available from: . . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-1506. https:\/\/aacrjournals.org\/cancerres\/article\/74\/7\/1933\/599700\/VISTA-Regulates-the-Development-of-Protective. https:\/\/aacrjournals.org\/cancerres\/article\/74\/7\/1933\/599700\/VISTA-Regulates-the-Development-of-Protective.\u00a0","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"8497_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0014-x","volume":"24","author":"M Binnewies","year":"2018","unstructured":"Binnewies M, Roberts EW, Kersten K, Chan V, Fearon DF, Merad M, et al. Understanding the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) for effective therapy. Nat Med [Internet]. 2018;24(5):541\u201350. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-018-0014-x. https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-018-0014-x.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"8497_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dorrington MG, Fraser IDC. NF-\u03baB signaling in macrophages: dynamics, crosstalk, and signal integration. Front Immunol [Internet]. 2019;10. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00705","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00705"},{"issue":"7","key":"8497_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2024.08.009","volume":"36","author":"X Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang X, Zhang S, Xue D, Neculai D, Zhang J. Metabolic reprogramming of macrophages in cancer therapy. Trends Endocrinol Metab [Internet]. 2025;36(7):660\u201376. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2024.08.009.","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"8497_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2015.68","volume":"25","author":"B Kelly","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kelly B, O\u2019Neill LA. Metabolic reprogramming in macrophages and dendritic cells in innate immunity. Cell Res [Internet]. 2015;25(7):771\u201384. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cr.2015.68.","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"8497_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2024.104045","volume":"29","author":"Y Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao Y, He Y, Tang Y, Chen Z-S, Qu M. VISTA: a novel checkpoint for cancer immunotherapy. Drug Discov Today [Internet]. 2024;29(7):104045. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drudis.2024.104045. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1359644624001703.","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"issue":"522","key":"8497_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aax1159","volume":"11","author":"X Han","year":"2019","unstructured":"Han X, Vesely MD, Yang W, Sanmamed MF, Badri T, Alawa J, et al. PD-1H (VISTA)\u2013mediated suppression of autoimmunity in systemic and cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Sci Transl Med [Internet]. 2019;11(522):11. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.aax1159","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"8497_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu L, Bai R, Zhang Y, Chen H, Wu J, Chen Z, et al. METTL3-VISTA axis-based combination immunotherapy for APC truncation colorectal cancer. J Immunother Cancer [Internet]. 2024;12(12):e009865. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jitc-2024-009865.","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-009865"},{"issue":"7","key":"8497_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-2542","volume":"24","author":"F Villarroel-Espindola","year":"2018","unstructured":"Villarroel-Espindola F, Yu X, Datar I, Mani N, Sanmamed M, Velcheti V, et al. Spatially resolved and quantitative analysis of VISTA\/PD-1H as a novel immunotherapy target in Human non\u2013small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res [Internet]. 2018;24(7):1562\u201373. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-2542.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"8497_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0433-y","volume":"20","author":"CM Jackson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jackson CM, Choi J, Lim M. Mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance: lessons from glioblastoma. Nat Immunol [Internet]. 2019;20(9):1100\u201309. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41590-019-0433-y. https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41590-019-0433-y.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"8060","key":"8497_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08633-8","volume":"640","author":"TE Miller","year":"2025","unstructured":"Miller TE, El Farran CA, Couturier CP, Chen Z, D\u2019Antonio JP, Verga J, et al. Programs, origins and immunomodulatory functions of myeloid cells in glioma. Nature [Internet]. 2025;640(8060):1072\u201382. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-025-08633-8.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"8497_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.06.024","volume":"178","author":"C Neftel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neftel C, Laffy J, Filbin MG, Hara T, Shore ME, Rahme GJ, et al. An integrative model of cellular states, plasticity, and genetics for glioblastoma. Cell [Internet]. 2019;178(4):835\u201349.e21. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2019.06.024. https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0092867419306877.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"8497_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-018-0003-5","volume":"15","author":"M Lim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lim M, Xia Y, Bettegowda C, Weller M. Current state of immunotherapy for glioblastoma. Nat Rev Clin Oncol [Internet]. 2018;15(7):422\u201342. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41571-018-0003-5.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"8497_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2022.114884","volume":"245","author":"J Wen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wen J, Wang S, Guo R, Liu D. CSF1R inhibitors are emerging immunotherapeutic drugs for cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem [Internet]. 2023;245:114884. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmech.2022.114884. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0223523422007863.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"8497_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-023-00431-7","volume":"7","author":"F Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang F, Wang Y, Zeng Y, Xiao A, Tong A, Xu J. Tumor-associated macrophage-related strategies for glioma immunotherapy. NPJ Precis Onc [Internet]. 2023;7(1):78. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41698-023-00431-7.","journal-title":"npj Precis Onc"},{"issue":"10","key":"8497_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3337","volume":"19","author":"SM Pyonteck","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pyonteck SM, Akkari L, Schuhmacher AJ, Bowman RL, Sevenich L, Quail DF, et al. CSF-1R inhibition alters macrophage polarization and blocks glioma progression. Nat Med [Internet]. 2013;19(10):1264\u201372. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.3337.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"8497_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110750","volume":"27","author":"C Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li C, Yu X, Han X, Lian C, Wang Z, Shao S, et al. Innate immune cells in tumor microenvironment: a new frontier in cancer immunotherapy. iScience [Internet]. 2024;27(9):110750. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110750.","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"6","key":"8497_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-021-00679-8","volume":"18","author":"X Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li X, Dai H, Wang H, Han W. Exploring innate immunity in cancer immunotherapy: opportunities and challenges. Cell Mol Immunol [Internet]. 2021;18(6):1607\u201309. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41423-021-00679-8.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8497_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-025-02629-5","volume":"43","author":"M Tarannum","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tarannum M, Ding X, Barisa M, Hu S, Anderson J, Romee R, et al. Engineering innate immune cells for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Biotechnol [Internet]. 2025;43(4):516\u201333. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41587-025-02629-5.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8497_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02321-w","volume":"18","author":"S Huo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huo S, Ren J, Ma Y, Ozathaley A, Yuan W, Ni H, et al. Upregulation of TRPC5 in hippocampal excitatory synapses improves memory impairment associated with neuroinflammation in microglia knockout IL-10 mice. J Neuroinflammation [Internet]. 2021;18(1):275. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-021-02321-w. https:\/\/jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12974-021-02321-w.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"8497_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.11.007","volume":"54","author":"J-S Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim J-S, Kolesnikov M, Peled-Hajaj S, Scheyltjens I, Xia Y, Trzebanski S, et al. A binary cre transgenic approach dissects microglia and CNS border-associated macrophages. Immunity [Internet]. 2021;54(1):176\u201390.e7. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.11.007.","journal-title":"Immunity"}],"container-title":["Journal of Translational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12967-026-08497-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12967-026-08497-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12967-026-08497-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T20:12:27Z","timestamp":1782850347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12967-026-08497-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-026-08497-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-5876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-5876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study involving human specimens was approved by the Ethics Committee of Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University (No. YJ-2021-023-02). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. All animal experiments were performed in accordance with guidelines of the Institutional Laboratory Animal Care and Use Committee, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"829"}}