{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:23:34Z","timestamp":1787671414468,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":53,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI19\/00629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI19\/00629"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI19\/00731"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI19\/00731"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Transl Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-026-08556-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T19:14:11Z","timestamp":1783106051000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between light exposure patterns and multidimensional health outcomes in individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome: findings from an observational cross-sectional cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9009-4690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trinitat","family":"Cambras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6356-0836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan Carles","family":"Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6415-6368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramon","family":"Sanmart\u00edn-Senta\u00f1es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7582-7585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Alegre-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2481-3052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Castro-Marrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"8556_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2013.10.004","volume":"37","author":"RJ Lucas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lucas RJ, Peirson SN, Berson DM, Brown TM, Cooper HM, Czeisler CA, et al. Measuring and using light in the melanopsin age. Trends Neurosci. 2014;37:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2013.10.004.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"8556_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159303","volume":"20","author":"Y Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu Y, Xiang, Zhang Jhui, Tao F, Biao, Sun Y. Association between exposure to light at night (LAN) and sleep problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Sci Total Environ. 2023;20(Pt 1):159303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159303.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"8556_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.02.008","volume":"173","author":"Y Touitou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Touitou Y, Reinberg A, Touitou D. Association between light at night, melatonin secretion, sleep deprivation, and the internal clock: Health impacts and mechanisms of circadian disruption. Life Sci. 2017;173:94\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.02.008.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"8556_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2013.70","volume":"18","author":"Ta Bedrosian","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bedrosian Ta, Nelson RJ. Influence of the modern light environment on mood. Mol Psychiatry. 2013;18:751\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2013.70.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"8556_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Siraji MA, Spitschan M, Kalavally V, Haque S. Light exposure behaviors predict mood, memory and sleep quality. Sci Rep. 2023;13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-39636-y.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-39636-y"},{"key":"8556_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bedrosian TA, Nelson RJ. Timing of light exposure affects mood and brain circuits. Transl Psychiatry. 2017;7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/tp.2016.262.","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.262"},{"key":"8556_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.06.039","volume":"23","author":"KP Wright","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wright KP, McHill AW, Birks BR, Griffin BR, Rusterholz T, Chinoy ED. Entrainment of the human circadian clock to the natural light-dark cycle. Curr Biol. 2013;23:1554\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2013.06.039.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"8556_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3743","volume":"15","author":"Ta LeGates","year":"2014","unstructured":"LeGates Ta, Fernandez DC, Hattar S. Light as a central modulator of circadian rhythms, sleep and affect. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2014;15:443\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn3743.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"8556_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00558","volume":"8","author":"SA Plano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Plano SA, Casiraghi LP, Moro PG, Paladino N, Golombek DA, Chiesa JJ. Circadian and metabolic effects of light: Implications in weight homeostasis and health. Front Neurol. 2017;8:1\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2017.00558.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8556_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22807","volume":"28","author":"G Fleury","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fleury G, Mas\u00eds-Vargas A, Kalsbeek A. Metabolic Implications of Exposure to Light at Night: Lessons from Animal and Human Studies. Obesity. 2020;28(1):S18\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.22807.","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"8556_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2025.11.017","volume":"38","author":"IG Lempesis","year":"2026","unstructured":"Lempesis IG, Scheer FAJL. Illuminating the influence of natural daylight on human metabolism. Cell Metab. 2026;38:7\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2025.11.017.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"8556_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2006.042754","volume":"60","author":"BM Carruthers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Carruthers BM. Definitions and aetiology of myalgic encephalomyelitis: how the Canadian consensus clinical definition of myalgic encephalomyelitis works. J Clin Pathol. 2007;60:117\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.2006.042754.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"8556_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kingdon C, Lowe A, Shepherd C, Nacul L. What primary care practitioners need to know about the new NICE guideline for myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome in adults. Healthcare. 2022;10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare10122438.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10122438"},{"issue":"1","key":"8556_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14255","volume":"51","author":"C Vetter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vetter C. Circadian disruption: What do we actually mean? Eur J Neurosci. 2018;51(1):531\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejn.14255.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"8556_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e170998","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI170998","volume":"134","author":"LA Schrader","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schrader LA, Ronnekleiv-Kelly SM, Hogenesch JB, Bradfield CA, Malecki KMC. Circadian disruption, clock genes, and metabolic health. J Clin Invest. 2024;134:e170998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI170998.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"8556_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McCarthy MJ. Circadian rhythm disruption in myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome: implications for the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2022;20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbih.2022.100412.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2022.100412"},{"key":"8556_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(97)89895-9","volume":"42","author":"RK Morriss","year":"1997","unstructured":"Morriss RK, Wearden AJ, Battersby L, Morris RK, Wearden AJBL. The relation of sleep difficulties to fatigue, mood and disability in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychosom Res. 1997;42:597\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-3999(97)89895-9.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"8556_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s12576-015-0399-y","volume":"65","author":"M Tanaka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tanaka M, Tajima S, Mizuno K, Ishii A, Konishi Y, Miike T, et al. Frontier studies on fatigue, autonomic nerve dysfunction, and sleep-rhythm disorder. J Physiol Sci. 2015;65:483\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12576-015-0399-y.","journal-title":"J Physiol Sci"},{"key":"8556_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2012.06.003","volume":"17","author":"AN Mariman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mariman AN, Vogelaers DP, Tobback E, Delesie LM, Hanoulle IP, Pevernagie DA. Sleep in the chronic fatigue syndrome. Sleep Med Rev. 2013;17:193\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2012.06.003.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"8556_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/31.2.283","volume":"31","author":"T Blackwell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Blackwell T, Redline S, Ancoli-Israel S, Schneider JL, Surovec S, Johnson NL, et al. Comparison of sleep parameters from actigraphy and polysomnography in older women: the SOF study. Sleep. 2008;31:283\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/31.2.283.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"8556_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxaa007","volume":"64","author":"D Fekedulegn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fekedulegn D, Andrew ME, Shi M, Violanti JM, Knox S, Innes KE. Actigraphybased assessment of sleep parameters. Ann Work Expo Health. 2020;64:350\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annweh\/wxaa007.","journal-title":"Ann Work Expo Health"},{"key":"8556_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.slsci.2014.09.013","volume":"7","author":"BSB Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves BSB, Cavalcanti PRA, Tavares GR, Campos TF, Araujo JF. Nonparametric methods in actigraphy: An update. Sleep Sci. 2014;7:158\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.slsci.2014.09.013.","journal-title":"Sleep Sci"},{"key":"8556_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.slsci.2016.05.004","volume":"9","author":"GJ Bellone","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bellone GJ, Plano SA, Cardinali DP, Chada DP, Vigo DE, Golombek DA. Comparative analysis of actigraphy performance in healthy young subjects. Sleep Sci. 2016;9:272\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.slsci.2016.05.004.","journal-title":"Sleep Sci"},{"key":"8556_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178839","volume":"969","author":"DA Wallace","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wallace DA, Evenson KR, Isasi CR, Patel SR, Sotres-Alvarez D, Zee PC, et al. Characteristics of objectively-measured naturalistic light exposure patterns in U.S. adults: A cross-sectional analysis of two cohorts. Sci Total Environ. 2025;969:178839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178839.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"8556_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0198106","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198106","volume":"13","author":"T Cambras","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cambras T, Castro-Marrero J, Zaragoza MC, D\u00edez-Noguera A, Alegre J. Circadian rhythm abnormalities and autonomic dysfunction in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome\/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis. PLoS ONE. 2018;13:e0198106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0198106.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"8556_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2024.2380020","volume":"41","author":"MF Zer\u00f3n-Rugerio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zer\u00f3n-Rugerio MF, Zaragoz\u00e1 MC, Domingo JC, Sanmart\u00edn-Senta\u00f1es R, AlegreMartin J, Castro-Marrero J, et al. Sleep and circadian rhythm alterations in myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome and post-COVID fatigue syndrome and its association with cardiovascular risk factors: A prospective cohort study. Chronobiol Int. 2024;41:1104\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07420528.2024.2380020.","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"8556_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4835","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054835","volume":"24","author":"T Cambras","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cambras T, Zer\u00f3n-Rugerio MF, D\u00edez-Noguera A, Zaragoz\u00e1 MC, Domingo JC, Sanmartin-Senta\u00f1es R, et al. Skin temperature circadian rhythms and dysautonomia in myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome: the role of endothelin-1 in the vascular tone dysregulation. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:4835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24054835.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"8556_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05148-0","volume":"22","author":"JC Domingo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Domingo JC, Battistini F, Cordobilla B, Zaragoz\u00e1 MC, Sanmartin-Senta\u00f1es R, Alegre-Martin J, et al. Association of circulating biomarkers with illness severity measures differentiates myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome and postCOVID-19 condition: a prospective pilot cohort study. J Transl Med. 2024;22:343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-024-05148-0.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"8556_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1365-2796.2011.02428.X","volume":"270","author":"BM Carruthers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carruthers BM, Van de Sande MI, De Meirleir KL, Klimas NG, Broderick G, Mitchell T, et al. Myalgic encephalomyelitis: International Consensus Criteria. J Intern Med. 2011;270:327\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1365-2796.2011.02428.X.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"8556_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2013.858163","volume":"31","author":"S Briscoe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Briscoe S, Hardy E, Pengo MF, Kosky C, Williams AJ, Hart N, et al. Comparison of 7 versus 14 days wrist actigraphy monitoring in a sleep disorders clinic population. Chronobiol Int. 2014;31:356\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/07420528.2013.858163.","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"8556_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brown TM, Brainard GC, Cajochen C, Czeisler CA, Hanifin JP, Lockley SW, et al. Recommendations for daytime, evening, and nighttime indoor light exposure to best support physiology, sleep, and wakefulness in healthy adults. PLoS Biol. 2022;20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001571.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001571"},{"key":"8556_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000596","volume":"122","author":"J Brainard","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brainard J, Gobel M, Scott B, Koeppen M, Eckle T. Anesthesiology. 2015;122:1170\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000596.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"8556_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90523-5","volume":"27","author":"W Witting","year":"1990","unstructured":"Witting W, Kwa IH, Eikelenboom P, Mirmiran M, Swaab DF. Alterations in the circadian rest-activity rhythm in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Biol Psychiatry. 1990;27:563\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90523-5.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"8556_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fisk JD, Ritvo PG, Ross L, Haase Da, Marrie TJ, Schlech WF. Measuring the functional impact of fatigue: initial validation of the Fatigue Impact Scale. Clin Infect Dis. 1994;(Suppl 1):1S79\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinids\/18.Supplement_1.S79.","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/18.Supplement_1.S79"},{"key":"8556_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-9893-4","volume":"28","author":"DJ Buysse","year":"1989","unstructured":"Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SRKD. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Psychiatry Res. 1989;28:193\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4419-9893-4.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"8556_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-8343(03)00043-4","volume":"25","author":"MJ Herrero","year":"2003","unstructured":"Herrero MJ, Blanch J, Peri JM, De Pablo J, Pintor L, Bulbena A. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) in a Spanish population. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2003;25:277\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0163-8343(03)00043-4.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"8556_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sletten DM, Suarez GA, Low PA, Mandrekar J, Singer W. COMPASS-31: A refined and abbreviated composite autonomic symptom score. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012;87:1196\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.013.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.013"},{"key":"8556_CR38","first-page":"771","volume":"104","author":"J Alonso","year":"1995","unstructured":"Alonso J, Prieto L, Ant\u00f3 JM. The Spanish version of the SF-36 Health Survey (the SF-36 health questionnaire): an instrument for measuring clinical results. Med Clin (Barc). 1995;104:771\u20136. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/7783470.","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"8556_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2004.07.005","volume":"82","author":"WW Tryon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tryon WW, Jason L, Frankenberry E, Torres-Harding S. Chronic fatigue syndrome impairs circadian rhythm of activity level. Physiol Behav. 2004;82:849\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2004.07.005.","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"8556_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1177\/039463200101400103","volume":"14","author":"D Racciatti","year":"2001","unstructured":"Racciatti D, Guagnano MT, Vecchiet J, De Remigis PL, Pizzigallo E, Della Vecchia R, et al. Chronic fatigue syndrome: Circadian rhythm and hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis impairment. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2001;14:11\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/039463200101400103.","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"8556_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043392","volume":"24","author":"OH Mel\u00e9ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mel\u00e9ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez OH, Liu JA, Nelson RJ. Circadian Rhythms Disrupted by Light at Night and Mistimed Food Intake Alter Hormonal Rhythms and Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24043392.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"8556_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-023-02901-0","volume":"476","author":"L Molcan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Molcan L, Babarikova K, Cvikova D, Kincelova N, Kubincova L, Mauer Sutovska H. Artificial light at night suppresses the day-night cardiovascular variability: evidence from humans and rats. Pflugers Arch. 2024;476:295\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00424-023-02901-0.","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"issue":"1","key":"8556_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-79484-y","volume":"14","author":"B Han","year":"2024","unstructured":"Han B, Deng J, Huang X, Yin X, Liang Y. Effects of exposure to outdoor light at night on blood lipids in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):28263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-79484-y.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"8556_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515597","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1515597","volume":"13","author":"M Fan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fan M, Yuan J, Zhang S, Fu Q, Lu D, Wang Q, et al. Association between outdoor artificial light at night and metabolic diseases in middle-aged to older adults: the CHARLS survey. Front Public Health. 2025;13:1515597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1515597.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"8556_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S114","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22874","volume":"28","author":"A Mas\u00eds-Vargas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mas\u00eds-Vargas A, Ritsema WIGR, Mendoza J, Kalsbeek A. Metabolic Effects of Light at Night are Time- and Wavelength-Dependent in Rats. Obesity. 2020;28:S114\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.22874.","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"8556_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.05.038","volume":"26","author":"EA Lucassen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lucassen EA, Coomans CP, van Putten M, de Kreij SR, van Genugten JHLT, Sutorius RPM, et al. Environmental 24-hr Cycles Are Essential for Health. Curr Biol. 2016;26:1843\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2016.05.038.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"8556_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6748","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1504239112","volume":"112","author":"S Kooijman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kooijman S, van den Berg R, Ramkisoensing A, Boon MR, Kuipers EN, Loef M, et al. Prolonged daily light exposure increases body fat mass through attenuation of brown adipose tissue activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015;112:6748\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1504239112.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"8556_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.11.017","volume":"84","author":"E Poggiogalle","year":"2018","unstructured":"Poggiogalle E, Jamshed H, Peterson CM. Circadian regulation of glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism in humans. Metabolism. 2018;84:11\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.11.017.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"8556_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7789","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1722295115","volume":"115","author":"J Wefers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wefers J, Van Moorsel D, Hansen J, Connell NJ, Havekes B, Hoeks J, et al. Circadian misalignment induces fatty acid metabolism gene profiles and compromises insulin sensitivity in human skeletal muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018;115:7789\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1722295115.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"8556_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.9224","volume":"20","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Yu B, Wang X, Luo C, Zhou T, Zheng X, et al. Circadian rhythm and atherosclerosis. Exp Ther Med. 2020;20:96. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2020.9224.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"8556_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.123.323619","volume":"134","author":"Q Zeng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zeng Q, Oliva VM, Moro M\u00c1, Scheiermann C. Circadian Effects on Vascular Immunopathologies. Circ Res. 2024;134:791\u2013809. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.123.323619.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"8556_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.06.029","volume":"99","author":"K Vitkute","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vitkute K, Borghese F, Hut RA, Havekes R, Meerlo P. Shedding Light on Brain Function and Mood: A Role for the Retinography Pathway. Regulating Serotonin Biol Psychiatry. 2025;99:614\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2025.06.029.","journal-title":"Regulating Serotonin Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"8556_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6874","volume":"14","author":"LM Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu LM, Amidi A, Valdimarsdottir H, Ancoli-Israel S, Liu L, Winke G, et al. The effect of systematic light exposure on sleep in a mixed group of fatigued cancer survivors. J Clin Sleep Med. 2018;14:31\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.6874.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"8556_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-024-00838-4","volume":"26","author":"A Landvreugd","year":"2025","unstructured":"Landvreugd A, Nivard MG, Bartels M. The Effect of Light on Wellbeing: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Happiness Study. 2025;26:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10902-024-00838-4.","journal-title":"J Happiness Study"},{"key":"8556_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02292-8","volume":"21","author":"LJ Connolly","year":"2021","unstructured":"Connolly LJ, Rajaratnam SMW, Murray JM, Spitz G, Lockley SW, Ponsford JL. Home-based light therapy for fatigue following acquired brain injury: a pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurol. 2021;21:262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02292-8.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"8556_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.03.003","volume":"129","author":"B Ludwig","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ludwig B, Hauer L, B\u00f6ck M, Schillerwein-Kral C, Weyer L, Moser D, et al. Assessing fatigue in myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome patients before and after treatment with bright light therapy: A prospective randomized controlled crossover study. Sleep Med. 2025;129:369\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.03.003.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"8556_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2015.08.009","volume":"29","author":"A Maanen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maanen A, Van, Marie A, Heijden KB, Van Der, Oort FJ. The effects of light therapy on sleep problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2016;29:52\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2015.08.009.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"8556_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang M, Wang Q, Pu L, Tang H, Chen M, Wang X, et al. Light therapy to improve sleep quality in older adults living in residential long-term care: a systematic review. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2023:65\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.008.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.008"},{"key":"8556_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13895","volume":"23","author":"J Chambe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chambe J, Reynaud E, Maruani J, Fraih E, Geoffroy PA, Bourgin P. Light therapy in insomnia disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sleep Res. 2023;23:6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsr.13895.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"8556_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.3390\/clockssleep4030030","volume":"4","author":"TB Pun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pun TB, Phillips CL, Marshall NS, Comas M, Hoyos CM, D\u2019Rozario AL, et al. The Effect of Light Therapy on Electroencephalographic Sleep in Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Disorders: A Scoping Review. Clocks Sleep. 2022;4:358\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/clockssleep4030030.","journal-title":"Clocks Sleep"},{"key":"8556_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.33069\/cim.2018.0009","volume":"1","author":"J Choukroun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Choukroun J, Geoffroy PA. Light therapy in mood disorders: A brief history with physiological insights. Cronobiology Med. 2019;1:3\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33069\/cim.2018.0009.","journal-title":"Cronobiology Med"},{"key":"8556_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3052","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2023.2195670","volume":"28","author":"KI Maeda","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maeda KI, Islam MF, Conroy KE, Jason L. Health outcomes of sensory hypersensitivities in myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome and multiple sclerosis. Psychol Health. 2023;28:3052\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13548506.2023.2195670.","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"key":"8556_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7230","volume":"14","author":"MT Smith","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smith MT, McCrae CS, Cheung J, Martin JL, Harrod CG, Heald JL, et al. Use of Actigraphy for the Evaluation of Sleep Disorders and Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Sleep Med. 2018;14:1231\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.7230.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"8556_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2600431","DOI":"10.1080\/10667857.2025.2600431","volume":"40","author":"C Thalluri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Thalluri C, Bukke SPN, Vasam M, Nettikallu Y, Mundu MM. Redefining detection with nanobiosensors: exploring sensor types, fabrication techniques, and multi-scale applications. Mater Technol. 2025;40:2600431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10667857.2025.2600431.","journal-title":"Mater Technol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Translational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12967-026-08556-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12967-026-08556-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12967-026-08556-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T14:42:26Z","timestamp":1787668946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12967-026-08556-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8556"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-026-08556-6","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9827729\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1479-5876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-5876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study protocol has been revised and approved by the local Ethics Committee of Vall d\u2019Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (approval code: PR\/AG-201\/2016 on 19 September 2019). Written informed consent for the publication of anonymized data was obtained from all the participants. Meanwhile, the ethical principles for medical research involving human participants as stipulated in the 2024 Declaration of Helsinki have been complied with.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1092"}}