{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:54:45Z","timestamp":1790736885492,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Transl Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-026-08824-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T16:59:19Z","timestamp":1787417959000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epigenome-wide profiling identifies distinct DNA methylation architecture underlying ME\/CFS and fibromyalgia symptom burden"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8559-2217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Polli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolien","family":"Hendrix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Wyns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jente","family":"Van Campenhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Allard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joeri L.","family":"Aerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thessa","family":"Laeremans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanyu","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanthe","family":"Buntinx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joni","family":"Michiels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinane","family":"Ben Amar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lode","family":"Godderis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Thienpont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Nijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"8824_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-0114","volume":"162","author":"ME Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith ME, Haney E, McDonagh M, Pappas M, Daeges M, Wasson N, et al. Treatment of myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review for a National Institutes of health pathways to prevention workshop. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(12):841\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M15-0114.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"8824_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23731","volume":"71","author":"F Wolfe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wolfe F, Schmukler J, Jamal S, Castrejon I, Gibson KA, Srinivasan S, et al. Diagnosis of fibromyalgia: disagreement between fibromyalgia criteria and clinician-based fibromyalgia diagnosis in a university clinic. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2019;71(3):343\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.23731.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"8824_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murovska M, Krumina A, Araja D, Kujawski S, Zalewski P, Nora-Krukle Z, et al. Myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia - overlap, differences, and emerging insights. J Transl Med. 2026;24(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-026-07889-6.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-026-07889-6"},{"issue":"7","key":"8824_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12071543","volume":"12","author":"LN Jurado-Priego","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jurado-Priego LN, Cueto-Urena C, Ramirez-Exposito MJ, Martinez-Martos JM. Fibromyalgia: a review of the pathophysiological mechanisms and multidisciplinary treatment strategies. Biomedicines. 2024;12(7):1543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines12071543.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"1","key":"8824_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45107-3","volume":"15","author":"B Walitt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Walitt B, Singh K, LaMunion SR, Hallett M, Jacobson S, Chen K, et al. Deep phenotyping of post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-45107-3.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"15","key":"8824_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8324","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25158324","volume":"25","author":"HY Xiong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiong HY, Wyns A, Campenhout JV, Hendrix J, De Bruyne E, Godderis L, et al. Epigenetic landscapes of pain: DNA methylation dynamics in chronic pain. IJMS. 2024;25(15):8324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25158324.","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"issue":"1","key":"8824_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2024.101170","volume":"29","author":"A Polli","year":"2025","unstructured":"Polli A, Nijs J, Thienpont B. Epigenetics as the molecular substrate of multimodal lifestyle approaches for patients with persistent pain. Braz J Phys Ther. 2025;29(1):101170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjpt.2024.101170.","journal-title":"Braz J Phys Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"8824_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000001237","volume":"85","author":"S Fischer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fischer S, Kleinst\u00e4uber M, Fiori LM, Turecki G, Wagner J, von K\u00e4nel R. DNA methylation signatures of functional somatic syndromes: systematic review. Psychosom Med. 2023;85(8):672\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PSY.0000000000001237.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"8824_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2019.12.002","volume":"21","author":"A Polli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Polli A, Godderis L, Ghosh M, Ickmans K, Nijs J. Epigenetic and miRNA expression changes in people with pain: a systematic review. J Pain. 2020;21(7\u20138):763\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2019.12.002.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"8824_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4025","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S439412","volume":"16","author":"PK Przybylowicz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Przybylowicz PK, Sokolowska KE, Rola H, Wojdacz TK. DNA methylation changes in blood cells of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome patients. JPR. 2023;16:4025\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JPR.S439412.","journal-title":"JPR"},{"issue":"4","key":"8824_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.02.012","volume":"41","author":"E Almenar-Perez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Almenar-Perez E, Ovejero T, Sanchez-Fito T, Espejo JA, Nathanson L, Oltra E. Epigenetic components of myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic fatigue syndrome uncover potential transposable element activation. Clin Ther. 2019;41(4):675\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2019.02.012.","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"8824_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Trivedi MS, Oltra E, Sarria L, Rose N, Beljanski V, Fletcher MA, et al. Identification of myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic fatigue syndrome-associated DNA methylation patterns. PLoS One. 2018;13(7):e0201066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0201066.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201066"},{"issue":"17","key":"8824_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8563","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26178563","volume":"26","author":"S Sharma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sharma S, Hodges LD, Peppercorn K, Davis J, Edgar CD, Rodger EJ, et al. Precision medicine study of Post-Exertional malaise epigenetic changes in myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic fatigue patients during exercise. IJMS. 2025;26(17):8563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26178563.","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"8824_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Burri A, Marinova Z, Robinson MD, K\u00fchnel B, Waldenberger M, Wahl S, et al. Are epigenetic factors implicated in chronic widespread pain? PLoS One. 2016;11(11):e0165548\u2013e. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0165548.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165548"},{"issue":"8","key":"8824_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000932","volume":"158","author":"D Ciampi de Andrade","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ciampi de Andrade D, Maschietto M, Galhardoni R, Gouveia G, Chile T, Victorino Krepischi AC, et al. Epigenetics insights into chronic pain: DNA hypomethylation in fibromyalgia\u2014a controlled pilot-study. Pain. 2017;158(8):1473\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000932.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"8824_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-020-00960-z","volume":"12","author":"AM Helliwell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Helliwell AM, Sweetman EC, Stockwell PA, Edgar CD, Chatterjee A, Tate WP. Changes in DNA methylation profiles of myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome patients reflect systemic dysfunctions. Clin Epigenet. 2020;12(1):167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13148-020-00960-z.","journal-title":"Clin Epigenet"},{"key":"8824_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/795784","volume":"2013","author":"V Menzies","year":"2013","unstructured":"Menzies V, Lyon DE, Archer KJ, Zhou Q, Brumelle J, Jones KH, et al. Epigenetic alterations and an increased frequency of micronuclei in women with fibromyalgia. Nurs Res Pract. 2013;2013:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/795784.","journal-title":"Nurs Res Pract"},{"issue":"8","key":"8824_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3000","volume":"12","author":"VK Rakyan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rakyan VK, Down TA, Balding DJ, Beck S. Epigenome-wide association studies for common human diseases. Nat Rev Genet. 2011;12(8):529\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrg3000.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"8824_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2014.03.016","volume":"94","author":"H Aschard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aschard H, Vilhjalmsson BJ, Greliche N, Morange PE, Tregouet DA, Kraft P. Maximizing the power of principal-component analysis of correlated phenotypes in genome-wide association studies. Am J Hum Genet. 2014;94(5):662\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajhg.2014.03.016.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"8824_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2015.85","volume":"18","author":"BM Baselmans","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baselmans BM, van Dongen J, Nivard MG, Lin BD, Consortium B, Zilhao NR, et al. Epigenome-wide association study of wellbeing. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2015;18(6):710\u201319.","journal-title":"Twin Res Hum Genet"},{"issue":"12","key":"8824_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00009","volume":"121","author":"K Fukuda","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fukuda K, Straus SE, Hickie I, Sharpe MC, Dobbins JG, Komaroff A. The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study. International chronic fatigue syndrome study group. Ann Intern Med. 1994;121(12):953\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00009.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"8824_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100594","volume":"38","author":"F Wolfe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles MA, Goldenberg DL, H\u00e4user W, Katz RS, et al. Fibromyalgia criteria and severity scales for clinical and epidemiological studies: a modification of the ACR preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 2011;38(6):1113\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.100594.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"8824_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.06.023","volume":"92","author":"M Meeus","year":"2011","unstructured":"Meeus M, van Eupen I, van Baarle E, De Boeck V, Luyckx A, Kos D, et al. Symptom fluctuations and daily physical activity in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: a case-control study. Archives Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92(11):1820\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.06.023.","journal-title":"Archives Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"8824_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2022.06.013","volume":"164","author":"NR Osborne","year":"2022","unstructured":"Osborne NR, Davis KD. Sex and gender differences in pain. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2022;164:277\u2013307.","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8824_CR25","first-page":"167","volume":"12","author":"IJ Bakken","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bakken IJ, Tveito K, Gunnes N, Ghaderi S, Stoltenberg C, Trogstad L, et al. Two age peaks in the incidence of chronic fatigue syndrome\/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a population-based registry study from Norway 2008-2012. BMC Med. 2014;12(1):167.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"8824_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","volume":"95","author":"PA Harris","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harris PA, Taylor R, Minor BL, Elliott V, Fernandez M, O\u2019Neal L, et al. The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners. J Biomed Inf. 2019;95:103208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inf"},{"issue":"5","key":"8824_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20140","volume":"62","author":"F Wolfe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles MA, Goldenberg DL, Katz RS, Mease P, et al. The American college of rheumatology preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia and measurement of symptom severity. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2010;62(5):600\u201310.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"1","key":"8824_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/21641846.2014.978110","volume":"3","author":"LA Jason","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jason LA, So S, Brown AA, Sunnquist M, Evans M. Test\u2013retest reliability of the DePaul symptom questionnaire. Fatigue: Biomed, Health Behav. 2015;3(1):16\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21641846.2014.978110.","journal-title":"Fatigue: Biomed, Health Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"8824_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.11.012","volume":"14","author":"R Neblett","year":"2013","unstructured":"Neblett R, Cohen H, Choi Y, Hartzell MM, Williams M, Mayer TG, et al. The central sensitization inventory (CSI): establishing clinically significant values for identifying central sensitivity syndromes in an outpatient chronic pain sample. J Pain. 2013;14(5):438\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.11.012.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"8824_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1348\/147608308X306888","volume":"81","author":"J Nijs","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nijs J, Thielemans A. Kinesiophobia and symptomatology in chronic fatigue syndrome: a psychometric study of two questionnaires. Psychol Psychother. 2008;81(3):273\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1348\/147608308X306888.","journal-title":"Psychol Psychother"},{"issue":"1","key":"8824_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2.1.63","volume":"2","author":"C Vandelanotte","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vandelanotte C, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Philippaerts R, Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m M, Sallis J. Reliability and validity of a computerized and dutch version of the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). J Phys Act Health. 2005;2(1):63\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jpah.2.1.63.","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"8824_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00463-8","volume":"96","author":"S Van Damme","year":"2002","unstructured":"Van Damme S, Crombez G, Bijttebier P, Goubert L, Van Houdenhove B. A confirmatory factor analysis of the pain catastrophizing scale: invariant factor structure across clinical and non-clinical populations. Pain. 2002;96(3):319\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00463-8.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"8824_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893","volume":"56","author":"AT Beck","year":"1988","unstructured":"Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psych. 1988;56(6):893\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psych"},{"issue":"3","key":"8824_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199303000-00006","volume":"31","author":"CA McHorney","year":"1993","unstructured":"McHorney CA, Ware JE Jr, Raczek AE. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): II. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs. Med Care. 1993;31(3):247\u201363.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"8824_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2185742","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2023.2185742","volume":"18","author":"A Noguera-Castells","year":"2023","unstructured":"Noguera-Castells A, Garc\u00eda-Prieto CA, \u00c1lvarez-Errico D, Esteller M. Validation of the new EPIC DNA methylation microarray (900K EPIC v2) for high-throughput profiling of the human DNA methylome. Epigenetics. 2023;18(1):2185742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15592294.2023.2185742.","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"8824_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-024-10027-5","volume":"25","author":"TJ Peters","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peters TJ, Meyer B, Ryan L, Achinger-Kawecka J, Song J, Campbell EM, et al. Characterisation and reproducibility of the HumanMethylationEPIC v2.0 BeadChip for DNA methylation profiling. BMC Genomics. 2024;25(1):251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12864-024-10027-5.","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"8824_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4134","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48466-z","volume":"15","author":"K De Ridder","year":"2024","unstructured":"De Ridder K, Che H, Leroy K, Thienpont B. Benchmarking of methods for DNA methylome deconvolution. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):4134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-48466-z.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"8824_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv041","volume":"44","author":"PC Tsai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tsai PC, Bell JT. Power and sample size estimation for epigenome-wide association scans to detect differential DNA methylation. Int J Epidemiol. 2015;44(4):1429\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyv041.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8824_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-019-0740-z","volume":"11","author":"LM Spindola","year":"2019","unstructured":"Spindola LM, Santoro ML, Pan PM, Ota VK, Xavier G, Carvalho CM, et al. Detecting multiple differentially methylated CpG sites and regions related to dimensional psychopathology in youths. Clin Epigenet. 2019;11(1):146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13148-019-0740-z.","journal-title":"Clin Epigenet"},{"issue":"1","key":"8824_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122414-033653","volume":"69","author":"MJ Jones","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jones MJ, Moore SR, Kobor MS. Principles and challenges of applying epigenetic epidemiology to psychology. Annu Rev Psychol. 2018;69(1):459\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-psych-122414-033653.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8824_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2007.09.003","volume":"37","author":"MB Yunus","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yunus MB. Central sensitivity syndromes: a new paradigm and group nosology for fibromyalgia and overlapping conditions, and the related issue of disease versus illness. Semin Arthritis Rheumatism. 2008;37(6):339\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2007.09.003.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheumatism"},{"issue":"9182","key":"8824_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)08320-2","volume":"354","author":"S Wessely","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wessely S, Nimnuan C, Sharpe M. Functional somatic syndromes: one or many? Lancet. 1999;354(9182):936\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)08320-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"8824_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2015-0026","volume":"30","author":"AC Bested","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bested AC, Marshall LM. Review of myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic fatigue syndrome: an evidence-based approach to diagnosis and management by clinicians. Rev Environ Health. 2015;30(4):223\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/reveh-2015-0026.","journal-title":"Rev Environ Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"8824_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02533-3","volume":"18","author":"E Sweetman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sweetman E, Kleffmann T, Edgar C, de Lange M, Vallings R, Tate W. A SWATH-MS analysis of myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic fatigue syndrome peripheral blood mononuclear cell proteomes reveals mitochondrial dysfunction. J Transl Med. 2020;18(1):365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-020-02533-3.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"8824_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03788-3","volume":"31","author":"R Xiong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xiong R, Aiken E, Caldwell R, Vernon SD, Kozhaya L, Gunter C, et al. AI-driven multi-omics modeling of myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome. Nat Med. 2025;31(9):2991\u20133001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-025-03788-3.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"8824_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.01.010","volume":"19","author":"AT O\u2019Brien","year":"2018","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien AT, Deitos A, Trinanes Pego Y, Fregni F, Carrillo-de-la-Pena MT. Defective endogenous pain modulation in fibromyalgia: a meta-analysis of temporal summation and conditioned pain modulation paradigms. J Pain. 2018;19(8):819\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.01.010.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"8824_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000880","volume":"158","author":"G Livshits","year":"2017","unstructured":"Livshits G, Malkin I, Freidin MB, Xia Y, Gao F, Wang J, et al. Genome-wide methylation analysis of a large population sample shows neurological pathways involvement in chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain. Pain. 2017;158(6):1053\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000880.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"11","key":"8824_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41405","volume":"72","author":"A Polli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Polli A, Ghosh M, Bakusic J, Ickmans K, Monteyne D, Velkeniers B, et al. DNA methylation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression account for symptoms and widespread hyperalgesia in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and comorbid fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020;72(11):1936\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.41405.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8824_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03662-7","volume":"20","author":"A Polli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Polli A, Hendrix J, Ickmans K, Bakusic J, Ghosh M, Monteyne D, et al. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of Catechol-O-methyltransferase in relation to inflammation in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. J Transl Med. 2022;20(1):487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-022-03662-7.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"8824_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27020826","volume":"27","author":"A Wyns","year":"2026","unstructured":"Wyns A, Hendrix J, Van Campenhout J, Buntinx Y, Xiong HY, De Bruyne E, et al. Hypermethylation of OPRM1: deregulation of the endogenous opioid pathway in myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. IJMS. 2026;27(2):826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms27020826.","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"issue":"21","key":"8824_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4992","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10214992","volume":"10","author":"MC Gerra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gerra MC, Carnevali D, Ossola P, Gonz\u00e1lez-Villar A, Pedersen IS, Tri\u00f1anes Y, et al. DNA methylation changes in fibromyalgia suggest the role of the immune-inflammatory response and central sensitization. JCM. 2021;10(21):4992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10214992.","journal-title":"JCM"},{"issue":"1","key":"8824_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-016-0256-8","volume":"8","author":"FA Leenen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leenen FA, Muller CP, Turner JD. DNA methylation: conducting the orchestra from exposure to phenotype? Clin Epigenet. 2016;8(1):92. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13148-016-0256-8.","journal-title":"Clin Epigenet"}],"container-title":["Journal of Translational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12967-026-08824-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12967-026-08824-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12967-026-08824-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:02:21Z","timestamp":1790733741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12967-026-08824-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-026-08824-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-5876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-5876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Brussels (ref. 2016\/134). All participants received a detailed explanation of the procedure, methods, and objectives of the study and the research and had to agree via signing an informed consent form.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No identifiable details are present in the manuscript and related material.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors have read the journal\u2019s policy on disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. The Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Jo Nijs received teaching fees from various professional associations and educational organizations. Jo Nijs authored books on pain science education and pain management, but the royalties are collected by the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. Joeri L. Aerts is a member of the Commission for Medicines for Human Use of the Federal Agency for Medicine and Health Products (FAMHP). The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1222"}}