{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:37:50Z","timestamp":1792093070360,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-019-0353-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T14:15:33Z","timestamp":1563891333000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis: a comparative study between children and adults"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7797-3124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Skrabl-Baumgartner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Greimel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Gorkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Hermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"353_CR1","first-page":"329","volume":"15","author":"A Giedion","year":"1972","unstructured":"Giedion A, Holthusen W, Masel LF, Vischer D. Subacute and chronic \"symmetrical\" osteomyelitis. Ann Radiol (Paris). 1972;15:329\u201342.","journal-title":"Ann Radiol (Paris)"},{"key":"353_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80501-0","volume":"93","author":"B Bjorksten","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bjorksten B, Gustavson KH, Eriksson B, Lindholm A, Nordstrom S. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis and pustulosis palmoplantaris. J Pediatr. 1978;93:227\u201331.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"353_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2500","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026695224019","volume":"44","author":"A Bousvaros","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bousvaros A, Marcon M, Treem W, Waters P, Issenman R, Couper R, et al. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis associated with chronic inflammatory bowel disease in children. Dig Dis Sci. 1999;44:2500\u20137.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"353_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-009-1029-x","volume":"30","author":"H Morbach","year":"2010","unstructured":"Morbach H, Dick A, Beck C, Stenzel M, Muller-Hermelink HK, Raab P, et al. Association of chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis with crohn's disease but not with card15 gene variants. Rheumatol Int. 2010;30:617\u201321.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"353_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girschick H, Finetti M, Orlando F, Schalm S, Insalaco A, Ganser G, et al. The multifaceted presentation of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: a series of 486 cases from the eurofever international registry. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018.","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key143"},{"key":"353_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.023838","volume":"64","author":"HJ Girschick","year":"2005","unstructured":"Girschick HJ, Raab P, Surbaum S, Trusen A, Kirschner S, Schneider P, et al. Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis in children. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64:279\u201385.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"353_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel190","volume":"46","author":"A Jansson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jansson A, Renner ED, Ramser J, Mayer A, Haban M, Meindl A, et al. Classification of non-bacterial osteitis: retrospective study of clinical, immunological and genetic aspects in 89 patients. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007;46:154\u201360.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"353_CR8","first-page":"187","volume":"54","author":"AM Chamot","year":"1987","unstructured":"Chamot AM, Benhamou CL, Kahn MF, Beraneck L, Kaplan G, Prost A. Acne-pustulosis-hyperostosis-osteitis syndrome. Results of a national survey. 85 cases. Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic. 1987;54:187\u201396.","journal-title":"Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic"},{"key":"353_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2017.04.009","volume":"55","author":"S Greenwood","year":"2017","unstructured":"Greenwood S, Leone A, Cassar-Pullicino VN. Sapho and recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Radiol Clin N Am. 2017;55:1035\u201353.","journal-title":"Radiol Clin N Am"},{"key":"353_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199801)41:1<58::AID-ART8>3.0.CO;2-G","volume":"41","author":"J Braun","year":"1998","unstructured":"Braun J, Bollow M, Remlinger G, Eggens U, Rudwaleit M, Distler A, et al. Prevalence of spondylarthropathies in hla-b27 positive and negative blood donors. Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41:58\u201367.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"353_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.161255","volume":"44","author":"A Schnabel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schnabel A, Range U, Hahn G, Berner R, Hedrich CM. Treatment response and longterm outcomes in children with chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis. J Rheumatol. 2017;44:1058\u201365.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"353_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108217","volume":"68","author":"M Rudwaleit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rudwaleit M, Landewe R, van der Heijde D, Listing J, Brandt J, Braun J, et al. The development of assessment of spondyloarthritis international society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part i): classification of paper patients by expert opinion including uncertainty appraisal. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68:770\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"353_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-015-0023-y","volume":"13","author":"D Kaiser","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaiser D, Bolt I, Hofer M, Relly C, Berthet G, Bolz D, et al. Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis in children: a retrospective multicenter study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2015;13:25.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"353_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200001)43:1<109::AID-ANR14>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"43","author":"O Vittecoq","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vittecoq O, Said LA, Michot C, Mejjad O, Thomine JM, Mitrofanoff P, et al. Evolution of chronic recurrent multifocal osteitis toward spondylarthropathy over the long term. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:109\u201319.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"353_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(99)80027-4","volume":"29","author":"G Hayem","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hayem G, Bouchaud-Chabot A, Benali K, Roux S, Palazzo E, Silbermann-Hoffman O, et al. Sapho syndrome: a long-term follow-up study of 120 cases. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1999;29:159\u201371.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"353_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2011.08.014","volume":"67","author":"R Depasquale","year":"2012","unstructured":"Depasquale R, Kumar N, Lalam RK, Tins BJ, Tyrrell PN, Singh J, et al. Sapho: what radiologists should know. Clin Radiol. 2012;67:195\u2013206.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"353_CR17","first-page":"578","volume":"30","author":"H Morbach","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morbach H, Schneider P, Schwarz T, Hofmann C, Raab P, Neubauer H, et al. Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and 99mtechnetium-labelled methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy in the initial assessment of chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis of childhood and adolescents. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2012;30:578\u201382.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"353_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2523081335","volume":"252","author":"J Fritz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fritz J, Tzaribatchev N, Claussen CD, Carrino JA, Horger MS. Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: comparison of whole-body mr imaging with radiography and correlation with clinical and laboratory data. Radiology. 2009;252:842\u201351.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"353_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-010-1560-x","volume":"30","author":"M Salles","year":"2011","unstructured":"Salles M, Olive A, Perez-Andres R, Holgado S, Mateo L, Riera E, et al. The sapho syndrome: a clinical and imaging study. Clin Rheumatol. 2011;30:245\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"353_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-010-1188-5","volume":"169","author":"T Hospach","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hospach T, Langendoerfer M, von Kalle T, Maier J, Dannecker GE. Spinal involvement in chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (crmo) in childhood and effect of pamidronate. Eur J Pediatr. 2010;169:1105\u201311.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"353_CR21","first-page":"707","volume":"35","author":"H Gleeson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gleeson H, Wiltshire E, Briody J, Hall J, Chaitow J, Sillence D, et al. Childhood chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: Pamidronate therapy decreases pain and improves vertebral shape. J Rheumatol. 2008;35:707\u201312.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"353_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.160256","volume":"43","author":"SR Hofmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hofmann SR, Schnabel A, Rosen-Wolff A, Morbach H, Girschick HJ, Hedrich CM. Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis: pathophysiological concepts and current treatment strategies. J Rheumatol. 2016;43:1956\u201364.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"353_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60815-0","volume":"380","author":"MS Pearce","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pearce MS, Salotti JA, Little MP, McHugh K. L:ee Choonsik, Kim KP, et al. radiation exposure from CT scans in childhood and subsequent risk of leukaemia and brain tumours: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2012;380:499\u2013505.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"353_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.04.004","volume":"46","author":"T Zwaenepoel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zwaenepoel T, Vlam K. Sapho: treatment options including bisphosphonates. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016;46:168\u201373.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12969-019-0353-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12969-019-0353-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12969-019-0353-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]],"date-time":"2020-07-21T23:15:07Z","timestamp":1595373307000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ped-rheum.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12969-019-0353-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12969-019-0353-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-0096"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1546-0096","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 July 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the local ethics committee (EK 29\u2013337 ex 16\/17).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable. The institutional review board did not request patient\u2019s written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests..","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"49"}}