{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T02:32:24Z","timestamp":1794018744447,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]],"date-time":"2020-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]],"date-time":"2020-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum phagocyte-derived alarmins S100A8\/9 and S100A12 are considered useful for the assessment of inflammatory diseases. Our study evaluated the use of S100 proteins in a pediatric clinical setting for estimating disease activity and supporting diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009136) who had S100 proteins tested as part of clinical care were included in this study and relevant information obtained from the medical record: C-reactive protein (CRP), disease activity status (inactive: = 0 joint; active: &gt;\u20090 active joint), systemic symptoms in systemic JIA (sJIA), and symptoms of flare of other autoinflammatory and fever syndromes. Patients were categorized as: sJIA, non-systemic JIA (nsJIA), other defined autoinflammatory syndromes (AID) and systemic undifferentiated recurring fever syndromes (SURFS).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with sJIA (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200921) had significantly higher levels of S100A8\/9 and S100A12 compared to patients with nsJIA (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200949), other AIDs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098) or SURFS (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200914) (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Compared to CRP [area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC)\u2009=\u20090.7], S100 proteins were superior in differentiating sJIA from AID and SURFS [AUC\u2009=\u20090.9]. S100A8\/9 and S100A12 levels were not associated with disease activity in nsJIA, AID or SURFS. S100A8\/9 and S100A12 levels were significantly higher in active sJIA compared to inactive (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0002 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0002 respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to other autoinflammatory and fever syndromes, sJIA patients have markedly higher levels of S100A8\/9 and S100A12 proteins which may assist with diagnosis. S100 levels slightly outperformed CRP in distinguishing sJIA from other diagnoses and in sJIA disease activity. S100 proteins may aid in monitoring disease activity in sJIA patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-020-0398-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]],"date-time":"2020-01-16T12:03:13Z","timestamp":1579176193000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["The use of S100 proteins testing in juvenile idiopathic arthritis and autoinflammatory diseases in a pediatric clinical setting: a retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1390-7934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Najla","family":"Aljaberi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Tronconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant","family":"Schulert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexei A.","family":"Grom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Lovell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Huggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Henrickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermine I.","family":"Brunner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"398_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(95)00040-2","volume":"37","author":"DB Zimmer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zimmer DB, Cornwall EH, Landar A, Song W. The S100 protein family: history, function, and expression. Brain Res Bull. 1995;37(4):417\u201329.","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"398_CR2","first-page":"1356","volume":"7","author":"CW Heizmann","year":"2002","unstructured":"Heizmann CW. [Frontiers in Bioscience 7, d1356-1368, may 1, 2002] S100 PROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONS AND PATHOLOGY Claus W. Heizmann, G\u00fcnter Fritz and Beat W. Sch\u00e4fer. Front Biosci. 2002;7:1356\u201368.","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"398_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1993.1255","volume":"191","author":"J Roth","year":"1993","unstructured":"Roth J, Goebeler M, van den Bos C, Sorg C. Expression of calcium-binding proteins MRP8 and MRP14 is associated with distinct monocytic differentiation pathways in HL-60 cells. 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J Rheumatol. 2004;31(2):390\u20132.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"398_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3924","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24137","volume":"58","author":"H Wittkowski","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wittkowski H, Frosch M, Wulffraat N, Goldbach-Mansky R, Kallinich T, Kuemmerle-Deschner J, et al. S100A12 is a novel molecular marker differentiating systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis from other causes of fever of unknown origin. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(12):3924\u201331.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"398_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.114363","volume":"69","author":"T Kallinich","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kallinich T, Wittkowski H, Keitzer R, Roth J, Foell D. Neutrophil-derived S100A12 as novel biomarker of inflammation in familial Mediterranean fever. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(4):677\u201382.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"398_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0723-1","volume":"17","author":"J Anink","year":"2015","unstructured":"Anink J, Van Suijlekom-Smit LWA, Otten MH, Prince FHM, van Rossum MAJ, Dolman KM, et al. MRP8\/14 serum levels as a predictor of response to starting and stopping anti-TNF treatment in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17(1):200.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"398_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40727","volume":"71","author":"CH Hinze","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hinze CH, Foell D, Johnson AL, Spalding SJ, Gottlieb BS, Morris PW, et al. 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