{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T21:10:31Z","timestamp":1784927431205,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Rheumatol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome (JPFS) is a chronic musculoskeletal pain syndrome affecting children and adolescents. In part one of this review, we discussed the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of JPFS. Part two focuses on the treatment and prognosis of JPFS. Early intervention is important. The standard of care is multidisciplinary, combining various modalities\u2014most importantly, exercise and cognitive behavioral therapy. Prognosis varies and symptoms may persist into adulthood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-021-00529-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T10:04:34Z","timestamp":1621332274000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome: A Review- Treatment and Prognosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Maya Levy","family":"Coles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4655-1652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yosef","family":"Uziel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"529_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2018.04.004","volume":"65","author":"JE Weiss","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weiss JE, Stinson JN. Pediatric pain syndromes and noninflammatory musculoskeletal pain. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2018;65(4):801\u201326. Available from:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2018.04.004.","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"529_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-016-0090-8","volume":"14","author":"R Weissmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weissmann R, Uziel Y. Pediatric complex regional pain syndrome: a review. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2016;14(1):29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12969-016-0090-8.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"529_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Levy Coles M, Weissmann R, Uziel Y. Juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome: a review - epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and diagnosis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2021;19(1):22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12969-021-00493-6.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-021-00493-6"},{"issue":"4","key":"529_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-017-0233-5","volume":"19","author":"S Gmuca","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gmuca S, Sherry DD. Fibromyalgia: treating pain in the juvenile patient. Pediatr Drugs. 2017;19(4):325\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40272-017-0233-5.","journal-title":"Pediatr Drugs"},{"issue":"6","key":"529_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e136","DOI":"10.3928\/00904481-20150611-08","volume":"44","author":"MS Tesher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tesher MS. Juvenile fibromyalgia: a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. Pediatr Ann. 2015;44(6):e136\u201341 Available from: http:\/\/www.healio.com\/doiresolver?doi=10.3928\/00904481-20150611-08.","journal-title":"Pediatr Ann"},{"issue":"6","key":"529_CR6","first-page":"426","volume":"21","author":"JN Ablin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ablin JN. Fibromyalgia 2019: myths and realities. Isr Med Assoc J. 2019;21(6):426\u20138 Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/31280518.","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"issue":"2","key":"529_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jss109","volume":"38","author":"LE Simons","year":"2013","unstructured":"Simons LE, Sieberg CB, Pielech M, Conroy C, Logan DE. What does it take? Comparing intensive rehabilitation to outpatient treatment for children with significant Pain-related disability. J Pediatr Psychol. 2013;38(2):213\u201323 Available from: https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpepsy\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/jpepsy\/jss109.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"529_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.06.036","volume":"167","author":"DD Sherry","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sherry DD, Brake L, Tress JL, Sherker J, Fash K, Ferry K, Weiss PF. The treatment of juvenile fibromyalgia with an intensive physical and psychosocial program. J Pediatr. 2015;167(3):731\u20137. Available from:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.06.036.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"529_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2017.08.009","volume":"19","author":"W H\u00e4user","year":"2018","unstructured":"H\u00e4user W, Perrot S, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles M-A. Unravelling fibromyalgia\u2014steps toward individualized management. J Pain. 2018;19(2):125\u201334. Available from: https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1526590017307009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2017.08.009.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"529_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209724","volume":"76","author":"GJ Macfarlane","year":"2017","unstructured":"Macfarlane GJ, Kronisch C, Dean LE, Atzeni F, H\u00e4user W, Flu\u00df E, Choy E, Kosek E, Amris K, Branco J, Dincer F, Leino-Arjas P, Longley K, McCarthy GM, Makri S, Perrot S, Sarzi-Puttini P, Taylor A, Jones GT. EULAR revised recommendations for the management of fibromyalgia. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(2):318\u201328 Available from: http:\/\/ard.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209724.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"529_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2012.193","volume":"9","author":"DD Sherry","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sherry DD. Paediatric rheumatic disease: physical activity levels in the treatment of juvenile fibromyalgia. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2013;9(1):8\u20139. Available from:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrrheum.2012.193.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"529_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-4-67","volume":"4","author":"KD Jones","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jones KD, Adams D, Winters-Stone K, Burckhardt CS. A comprehensive review of 46 exercise treatment studies in fibromyalgia (1988-2005). Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006;4:67 Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16999856.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"529_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mist S, Firestone K, Jones KD. Complementary and alternative exercise for fibromyalgia: a meta-analysis. J Pain Res. 2013;6:247\u201360. Available from: http:\/\/www.dovepress.com\/complementary-and-alternative-exercise-for-fibromyalgia-a-meta-analysi-peer-reviewed-article-JPR.","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S32297"},{"issue":"1","key":"529_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1073-3","volume":"18","author":"A Ericsson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ericsson A, Palstam A, Larsson A, L\u00f6fgren M, Bileviciute-Ljungar I, Bjersing J, et al. Resistance exercise improves physical fatigue in women with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Res Ther. 2016;18(1):176 Available from: http:\/\/arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13075-016-1073-3.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"529_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.01.020","volume":"153","author":"MW Hooten","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hooten MW, Qu W, Townsend CO, Judd JW. Effects of strength vs aerobic exercise on pain severity in adults with fibromyalgia: a randomized equivalence trial. Pain. 2012;153(4):915\u201323. Available from: http:\/\/content.wkhealth.com\/linkback\/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=00006396-201204000-00027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2012.01.020.","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"529_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bidonde J, Busch AJ, Schachter CL, Overend TJ, Kim SY, G\u00f3es SM, et al. Aerobic exercise training for adults with fibromyalgia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; Available from. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD012700.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012700"},{"key":"529_CR17","unstructured":"Buckhardt CS, Goldenberg D, Crofford L, Gerwin R, Gowens S, Jackson K, Kugel P, McCarberg W, Rudin NSL, Taylor AG, Taylor JTD. Guideline for the management of fibromyalgia syndrome pain in adults and children. Glenview Am Pain Soc (APS); (Clinical Pract Guidel no 4). 2005;4:109 Available from: http:\/\/teamworkstherapy.com\/pdf\/APS%20guideline-%20Fibromyalgia.pdf."},{"issue":"1","key":"529_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22450","volume":"67","author":"S Sil","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sil S, Thomas S, DiCesare C, Strotman D, Ting TV, Myer G, et al. Preliminary evidence of altered biomechanics in adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2015;67(1):102\u201311. Available from:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.22450.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"2","key":"529_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2011.08.008","volume":"13","author":"AC Wilson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilson AC, Palermo TM. Physical activity and function in adolescents with chronic pain: a controlled study using actigraphy. J Pain [Internet]. 2012;13(2):121\u201330. Available from: https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1526590011007413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2011.08.008.","journal-title":"J Pain [Internet]."},{"issue":"3","key":"529_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt-2016-0066","volume":"7","author":"WR Black","year":"2017","unstructured":"Black WR, Kashikar-Zuck S. Exercise interventions for juvenile fibromyalgia: current state and recent advancements. Pain Manag. 2017;7(3):143\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/pmt-2016-0066.","journal-title":"Pain Manag."},{"issue":"10","key":"529_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24115","volume":"59","author":"S Stephens","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stephens S, Feldman BM, Bradley N, Schneiderman J, Wright V, Singh-Grewal D, Lefebvre A, Benseler SM, Cameron B, Laxer R, O'brien C, Schneider R, Silverman E, Spiegel L, Stinson J, Tyrrell PN, Whitney K, Tse SML. Feasibility and effectiveness of an aerobic exercise program in children with fibromyalgia: results of a randomized controlled pilot trial. Arthritis Care Res. 2008;59(10):1399\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.24115.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"529_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2534","volume":"36","author":"MN Olsen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Olsen MN, Sherry DD, Boyne K, McCue R, Gallagher PR, Brooks LJ. Relationship between sleep and pain in adolescents with juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome. Sleep. 2013;36(4):509\u201316. Available from: https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article\/36\/4\/509\/2595956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5665\/sleep.2534.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"529_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30644","volume":"64","author":"S Kashikar-zuck","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kashikar-zuck S, Ting TV, Arnold LM, Bean J, Powers SW, Graham TB, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of juvenile Fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(1):297\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.30644.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"5","key":"529_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.12.019","volume":"14","author":"S Kashikar-Zuck","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kashikar-Zuck S, Sil S, Lynch-Jordan AM, Ting TV, Peugh J, Schikler KN, et al. Changes in pain coping, catastrophizing, and coping efficacy after cognitive-behavioral therapy in children and adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia. J Pain. 2013;14(5):492\u2013501 Available from: https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1526590013000345.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"529_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21849","volume":"65","author":"S Kashikar-Zuck","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kashikar-Zuck S, Flowers SR, Strotman D, Sil S, Ting TV, Schikler KN. Physical activity monitoring in adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia: findings from a clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013;65(3):398\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.21849.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"3","key":"529_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0b013e31829206c1","volume":"35","author":"SM Thomas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thomas SM, Sil S, Kashikar-Zuck S, Myer GD. Can modified neuromuscular training support the treatment of chronic pain in adolescents? Strength Cond J. 2013;35(3):12\u201326. Available from: https:\/\/insights.ovid.com\/crossref?an=00126548-201306000-00003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/SSC.0b013e31829206c1.","journal-title":"Strength Cond J"},{"issue":"1","key":"529_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000221","volume":"32","author":"S Kashikar-Zuck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kashikar-Zuck S, Tran ST, Barnett K, Bromberg MH, Strotman D, Sil S, Thomas SM, Joffe N, Ting TV, Williams SE, Myer GD. A qualitative examination of a new combined cognitive-behavioral and neuromuscular training intervention for juvenile fibromyalgia. Clin J Pain. 2016;32(1):70\u201381. Available from: http:\/\/content.wkhealth.com\/linkback\/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=00002508-201601000-00009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000221.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"529_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-016-0103-7","volume":"14","author":"ST Tran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tran ST, Thomas S, DiCesare C, Pfeiffer M, Sil S, Ting TV, et al. A pilot study of biomechanical assessment before and after an integrative training program for adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2016;14(1):1\u201310. Available from:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12969-016-0103-7.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"529_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.04.003","volume":"19","author":"S Kashikar-Zuck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kashikar-Zuck S, Black WR, Pfeiffer M, Peugh J, Williams SE, Ting TV, et al. Pilot randomized trial of integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy and neuromuscular training for juvenile fibromyalgia: the FIT Teens Program. J Pain. 2018;19(9):1049\u201362. Available from:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.04.003.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"529_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.2015-0232","volume":"38","author":"DM Williams","year":"2016","unstructured":"Williams DM, Dunsiger S, Emerson JA, Gwaltney CJ, Monti PM, Miranda R. Self-paced exercise, affective response, and exercise adherence: a preliminary investigation using ecological momentary assessment. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2016;38(3):282\u201391. Available from: https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/jsep\/38\/3\/article-p282.xml. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsep.2015-0232.","journal-title":"J Sport Exerc Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"529_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23717","volume":"71","author":"B Gavil\u00e1n-Carrera","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gavil\u00e1n-Carrera B, Segura-Jim\u00e9nez V, Mekary RA, Borges-Cosic M, Acosta-Manzano P, Est\u00e9vez-L\u00f3pez F, \u00c1lvarez-Gallardo IC, Geenen R, Delgado-Fern\u00e1ndez M. Substituting sedentary time with physical activity in fibromyalgia and the association with quality of life and impact of the disease: the al-\u00c1ndalus project. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2019;71(2):281\u20139 Available from: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/acr.23717.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"2","key":"529_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e31820e7ea7","volume":"17","author":"KR Fontaine","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fontaine KR, Conn L, Clauw DJ. Effects of lifestyle physical activity in adults with fibromyalgia. J Clin Rheumatol. 2011;17(2):64\u20138. Available from: http:\/\/content.wkhealth.com\/linkback\/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=00124743-201103000-00003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RHU.0b013e31820e7ea7.","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"529_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0245","volume":"2","author":"R Bennett","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bennett R, Nelson D. Cognitive behavioral therapy for fibromyalgia. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2006;2(8):416\u201324. Available from: http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ncprheum0245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncprheum0245.","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"529_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2014.06.008","volume":"155","author":"AM Lynch-Jordan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lynch-Jordan AM, Sil S, Peugh J, Cunningham N, Kashikar-Zuck S, Goldschneider KR. Differential changes in functional disability and pain intensity over the course of psychological treatment for children with chronic pain. Pain. 2014;155(10):1955\u201361. Available from: http:\/\/insights.ovid.com\/crossref?an=00006396-201410000-00012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2014.06.008.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"7","key":"529_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2014.03.005","volume":"155","author":"S Sil","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sil S, Arnold LM, Lynch-Jordan A, Ting TV, Peugh J, Cunningham N, Powers SW, Lovell DJ, Hashkes PJ, Passo M, Schikler KN, Kashikar-Zuck S. Identifying treatment responders and predictors of improvement after cognitive-behavioral therapy for juvenile fibromyalgia. Pain. 2014;155(7):1206\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2014.03.005.","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"529_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fisher E, Law E, Dudeney J, Palermo TM, Stewart G, Eccleston C. Psychological therapies for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018; Available from:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003968.pub5.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003968.pub5"},{"key":"529_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fisher E, Law E, Dudeney J, Eccleston C, Palermo TM. Psychological therapies (remotely delivered) for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;2019(4);4.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011118.pub3"},{"issue":"2","key":"529_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2217\/ijr.13.3","volume":"8","author":"S Sil","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sil S, Kashikar-Zuck S. Understanding why cognitive-behavioral therapy is an effective treatment for adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia. Int J Clin Rheumtol. 2013;8(2):213\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/ijr.13.3.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Rheumtol"},{"issue":"6","key":"529_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23708","volume":"59","author":"AL Hassett","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hassett AL, Simonelli LE, Radvanski DC, Buyske S, Savage SV, Sigal LH. The relationship between affect balance style and clinical outcomes in fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59(6):833\u201340. Available from:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.23708.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"5","key":"529_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt.13.37","volume":"3","author":"D Buskila","year":"2013","unstructured":"Buskila D, Ablin JN. Treating juvenile fibromyalgia: cognitive\u2013behavioral therapy, exercise and pharmacotherapy. Pain Manag. 2013;3(5):323\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/pmt.13.37.","journal-title":"Pain Manag"},{"issue":"9","key":"529_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2015.1047343","volume":"16","author":"EP Calandre","year":"2015","unstructured":"Calandre EP, Rico-Villademoros F, Slim M. An update on pharmacotherapy for the treatment of fibromyalgia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2015;16(9):1347\u201368 Available from: http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1517\/14656566.2015.1047343.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"11","key":"529_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780291110","volume":"29","author":"DL Goldenberg","year":"1986","unstructured":"Goldenberg DL, Felson DT, Dinerman H. A randomized, controlled trial of amitriptyline and naproxen in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 1986;29(11):1371\u20137. Available from:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.1780291110.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"5","key":"529_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000097","volume":"26","author":"CM Hoffart","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hoffart CM, Wallace DP. Amplified pain syndromes in children: treatment and new insights into disease pathogenesis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2014;26(5):592\u2013603 Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25010441. [cited 2019 Oct 15].","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"529_CR44","first-page":"980","volume":"12","author":"S Clark","year":"1985","unstructured":"Clark S, Tindall E, Bennett RM. A double blind crossover trial of prednisone versus placebo in the treatment of fibrositis. J Rheumatol. 1985;12(5):980\u20133 Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/3910836.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"529_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22457","volume":"56","author":"LM Arnold","year":"2007","unstructured":"Arnold LM, Goldenberg DL, Stanford SB, Lalonde JK, Sandhu HS, Keck PE, Welge JA, Bishop F, Stanford KE, Hess EV, Hudson JI. Gabapentin in the treatment of fibromyalgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(4):1336\u201344. Available from:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.22457.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"3","key":"529_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/918216","volume":"18","author":"M-A Fitzcharles","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fitzcharles M-A, Ste-Marie PA, Goldenberg DL, Pereira JX, Abbey S, Choini\u00e8re M, Ko G, Moulin DE, Panopalis P, Proulx J, Shir Y, the National Fibromyalgia Guideline Advisory Panel. 2012 Canadian guidelines for the diagnosis and management of fibromyalgia syndrome: executive summary. Pain Res Manag. 2013;18(3):119\u201326. Available from: http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/prm\/2013\/918216\/. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/918216.","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"529_CR47","first-page":"1","volume":"2013","author":"J Ablin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ablin J, Fitzcharles M-A, Buskila D, Shir Y, Sommer C, H\u00e4user W. Treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: recommendations of recent evidence-based interdisciplinary guidelines with special emphasis on complementary and alternative therapies. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med. 2013;2013:1\u20137 Available from: http:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2013\/485272\/.","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"529_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12319","volume":"16","author":"JM North","year":"2016","unstructured":"North JM, Hong KJ, Rauck RL. The effect of a novel form of extended-release gabapentin on pain and sleep in fibromyalgia subjects: an open-label pilot study. Pain Pract [Internet]. 2016;16(6):720\u20139. Available from:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/papr.12319.","journal-title":"Pain Pract [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"529_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003936","volume":"128","author":"O Egunsola","year":"2019","unstructured":"Egunsola O, Wylie CE, Chitty KM, Buckley NA. Systematic review of the efficacy and safety of gabapentin and pregabalin for pain in children and adolescents. Anesth Analg. 2019;128(4):811\u20139. Available from: http:\/\/insights.ovid.com\/crossref?an=00000539-201904000-00027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003936.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"1","key":"529_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-016-0106-4","volume":"14","author":"LM Arnold","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arnold LM, Schikler KN, Bateman L, Khan T, Pauer L, Bhadra-Brown P, et al. Safety and efficacy of pregabalin in adolescents with fibromyalgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and a 6-month open-label extension study. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2016;14(1):46 Available from: http:\/\/ped-rheum.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12969-016-0106-4.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol"},{"key":"529_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Welsch P, \u00dc\u00e7eyler N, Klose P, Walitt B, H\u00e4user W. Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for fibromyalgia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 ; Available from:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD010292.pub2.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010292.pub2"},{"issue":"1","key":"529_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-019-0325-6","volume":"17","author":"HP Upadhyaya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Upadhyaya HP, Arnold LM, Alaka K, Qiao M, Williams D, Mehta R. Efficacy and safety of duloxetine versus placebo in adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia: results from a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2019;17(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"529_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-015-0025-9","volume":"13","author":"LM Arnold","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arnold LM, Bateman L, Palmer RH, Lin Y. Preliminary experience using milnacipran in patients with juvenile fibromyalgia: lessons from a clinical trial program. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2015;13(1):1\u201314. Available from:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12969-015-0025-9.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"529_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.06.006","volume":"120","author":"AA Patkar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Patkar AA, Masand PS, Krulewicz S, Mannelli P, Peindl K, Beebe KL, Jiang W. A randomized, controlled, trial of controlled release paroxetine in fibromyalgia. Am J Med. 2007;120(5):448\u201354. Available from: https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0002934306006851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.06.006.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"529_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3109\/03009749409103725","volume":"23","author":"F Wolfe","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wolfe F, Cathey MA, Hawley DJ. A double-blind placebo controlled trial of fluoxetine in fibromyalgia. Scand J Rheumatol. 1994;23(5):255\u20139 Available from: http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.3109\/03009749409103725.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"529_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31824858dc","volume":"32","author":"EN Mariutto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mariutto EN, Stanford SB, Kashikar-Zuck S, Welge JA, Arnold LM. An exploratory, open trial of fluoxetine treatment of juvenile fibromyalgia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012;32(2):293\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31824858dc.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"529_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken317","volume":"47","author":"B Nishishinya","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nishishinya B, Urrutia G, Walitt B, Rodriguez A, Bonfill X, Alegre C, Darko G. Amitriptyline in the treatment of fibromyalgia: a systematic review of its efficacy. Rheumatology. 2008;47(12):1741\u20136 Available from: https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rheumatology\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken317.","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"issue":"3","key":"529_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq354","volume":"50","author":"W Hauser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hauser W, Petzke F, Uceyler N, Sommer C. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of amitriptyline, duloxetine and milnacipran in fibromyalgia syndrome: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Rheumatology. 2011;50(3):532\u201343 Available from: https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rheumatology\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq354.","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"issue":"12","key":"529_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.141369","volume":"42","author":"NR Cunningham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cunningham NR, Tran ST, Lynch-Jordan AM, Ting TV, Sil S, Strotman D, et al. Psychiatric disorders in young adults diagnosed with juvenile fibromyalgia in adolescence. J Rheumatol. 2015;42(12):2427\u201333 Available from: http:\/\/www.jrheum.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.3899\/jrheum.141369.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"529_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31816d7d23","volume":"24","author":"S Kashikar-Zuck","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kashikar-Zuck S, Parkins IS, Graham TB, Lynch AM, Passo M, Johnston M, Schikler KN, Hashkes PJ, Banez G, Richards MM. Anxiety, mood, and behavioral disorders among pediatric patients with juvenile fibromyalgia syndrome. Clin J Pain. 2008;24(7):620\u20136. Available from: https:\/\/insights.ovid.com\/crossref?an=00002508-200809000-00009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31816d7d23.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"529_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Walitt B, Urr\u00fatia G, Nishishinya MB, Cantrell SE, H\u00e4user W. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for fibromyalgia syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015; Available from:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD011735.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011735"},{"issue":"1","key":"529_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-185X.2010.01567.x","volume":"14","author":"G-S Ngian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ngian G-S, Guymer EK, Littlejohn GO. The use of opioids in fibromyalgia. Int J Rheum Dis. 2011;14(1):6\u201311. Available from:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1756-185X.2010.01567.x.","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"529_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.1441","volume":"168","author":"NL Schechter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schechter NL. Pediatric pain management and opioids. JAMA Pediatr. 2014;168(11):987 Available from: http:\/\/archpedi.jamanetwork.com\/article.aspx?doi=10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.1441.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"529_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.07.015","volume":"53","author":"JE Bailey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bailey JE, Campagna E, Dart RC. The underrecognized toll of prescription opioid abuse on young children. Ann Emerg Med. 2009;53(4):419\u201324. Available from: https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0196064408015035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.07.015.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"529_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.2174\/1573397113666170321120329","volume":"14","author":"SK Metyas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Metyas SK, Chen CL, Yeter K, Solyman J, Arkfeld D. Low dose naltrexone in the treatment of fibromyalgia. Curr Rheumatol Rev. 2018;14(2):177\u201380. Available from: http:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/151058\/article. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1573397113666170321120329.","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"529_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909119838974","volume":"36","author":"D Trofimovitch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Trofimovitch D, Baumrucker SJ. Pharmacology update: low-dose naltrexone as a possible nonopioid modality for some chronic, nonmalignant pain syndromes. Am J Hosp Palliat Med. 2019;36(10):907\u201312 Available from: http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1049909119838974.","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"529_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102409","volume":"18","author":"P Sarzi-Puttini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sarzi-Puttini P, Ablin J, Trabelsi A, Fitzcharles M-A, Marotto D, H\u00e4user W. Cannabinoids in the treatment of rheumatic diseases: pros and cons. Autoimmun Rev. 2019;18(12):102409 Available from: https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568997219302162.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"529_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8060807","volume":"8","author":"I Sagy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sagy I, Bar-Lev Schleider L, Abu-Shakra M, Novack V. Safety and efficacy of medical cannabis in fibromyalgia. J Clin Med. 2019;8(6):807 Available from: https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/8\/6\/807.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"529_CR69","first-page":"53","volume":"38","author":"V Giorgi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giorgi V, Bongiovanni S, Atzeni F, Marotto D, Salaffi F, Sarzi-Puttini P. Adding medical cannabis to standard analgesic treatment for fibromyalgia: a prospective observational study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2020;38(1):53\u20139 Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/32116208.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"529_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-003-0046-9","volume":"5","author":"AA Patkar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Patkar AA, Bilal L, Masand PS. Management of fibromyalgia. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2003;5(3):218\u201324 Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12773276.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"529_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12960","volume":"19","author":"R Yilmaz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yilmaz R, Salli A, Cingoz HT, Kucuksen S, Ugurlu H. Efficacy of vitamin D replacement therapy on patients with chronic nonspecific widespread musculoskeletal pain with vitamin D deficiency. Int J Rheum Dis. 2016;19(12):1255\u201362. Available from:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1756-185X.12960.","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"529_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-018-0035-6","volume":"2","author":"SD Ellis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ellis SD, Kelly ST, Shurlock JH, ALN H. The role of vitamin D testing and replacement in fibromyalgia: a systematic literature review. BMC Rheumatol. 2018;2(1):28 Available from: https:\/\/bmcrheumatol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s41927-018-0035-6.","journal-title":"BMC Rheumatol"},{"key":"529_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins YA, Cardinali CAEF, Ravanelli MI, Brunaldi K. Is hypovitaminosis D associated with fibromyalgia? A systematic review. Nutr Rev. 2019:78;115\u201333. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/31397485.","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuz033"},{"issue":"1","key":"529_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.55095\/achot2016\/003","volume":"83","author":"Z Blagojevic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Blagojevic Z, Nikolic V, Kisic-Tepavcevic D, Terzic Supic Z, Kovacevic R, Zivkovic Z, et al. Musculoskeletal pain and vitamin D deficiency in children: a pilot follow-up study of vitamin D therapy in musculoskeletal\/orthopedic conditions. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2016;83(1):21\u20136 Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26936061.","journal-title":"Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech"},{"issue":"7","key":"529_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2011.05.006","volume":"34","author":"L Terhorst","year":"2011","unstructured":"Terhorst L, Schneider MJ, Kim KH, Goozdich LM, Stilley CS. Complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of pain in fibromyalgia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2011;34(7):483\u201396. Available from: https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0161475411000959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmpt.2011.05.006.","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"529_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.08.015","volume":"14","author":"M Petter","year":"2013","unstructured":"Petter M, Chambers CT, McGrath PJ, Dick BD. The role of trait mindfulness in the pain experience of adolescents. J Pain. 2013;14(12):1709\u201318. Available from: https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S152659001301239X. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.08.015.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"529_CR77","first-page":"8","volume":"19","author":"KE Jastrowski Mano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jastrowski Mano KE, Salamon KS, Hainsworth KR, Anderson Khan KJ, Ladwig RJ, Davies WH, et al. A randomized, controlled pilot study of mindfulness-based stress reduction for pediatric chronic pain. Altern Ther Health Med. 2013;19(6):8\u201314 Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24254033.","journal-title":"Altern Ther Health Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"529_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.10.043","volume":"152","author":"S Schmidt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schmidt S, Grossman P, Schwarzer B, Jena S, Naumann J, Walach H. Treating fibromyalgia with mindfulness-based stress reduction: results from a 3-armed randomized controlled trial\u2606. Pain. 2011;152(2):361\u20139. Available from: http:\/\/content.wkhealth.com\/linkback\/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=00006396-201102000-00022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2010.10.043.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"529_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000420","volume":"33","author":"P Grossman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grossman P, Deuring G, Walach H, Schwarzer B, Schmidt S. Mindfulness-based intervention does not influence cardiac autonomic control or the pattern of physical activity in fibromyalgia during daily life. Clin J Pain. 2017;33(5):385\u201394. Available from: http:\/\/insights.ovid.com\/crossref?an=00002508-201705000-00001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000420.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"8","key":"529_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0912611","volume":"363","author":"C Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang C, Schmid CH, Rones R, Kalish R, Yinh J, Goldenberg DL, Lee Y, McAlindon T. A randomized trial of tai chi for fibromyalgia. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(8):743\u201354 Available from: http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1056\/NEJMoa0912611.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"529_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang C, Schmid CH, Fielding RA, Harvey WF, Reid KF, Price LL, et al. Effect of tai chi versus aerobic exercise for fibromyalgia: comparative effectiveness randomized controlled trial. BMJ. 2018 ;k851. Available from: http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.k851","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k851"},{"issue":"2","key":"529_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3390\/children1020134","volume":"1","author":"B Golianu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Golianu B, Yeh A, Brooks M. Acupuncture for pediatric pain. Children. 2014;1(2):134\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children1020134.","journal-title":"Children."},{"key":"529_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deare JC, Zheng Z, Xue CC, Liu JP, Shang J, Scott SW, et al. Acupuncture for treating fibromyalgia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 20131; Available from:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007070.pub2.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007070.pub2"},{"issue":"4","key":"529_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep439","volume":"49","author":"J Langhorst","year":"2010","unstructured":"Langhorst J, Klose P, Musial F, Irnich D, H\u00e4user W. Efficacy of acupuncture in fibromyalgia syndrome\u2014a systematic review with a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Rheumatology. 2010;49(4):778\u201388 Available from: https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rheumatology\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep439.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"529_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.933","volume":"21","author":"N Zech","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zech N, Hansen E, Bernardy K, H\u00e4user W. Efficacy, acceptability and safety of guided imagery\/hypnosis in fibromyalgia - a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Pain. 2017;21(2):217\u201327. Available from:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejp.933.","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"529_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-008-0080-z","volume":"10","author":"JM DeSantana","year":"2008","unstructured":"DeSantana JM, Walsh DM, Vance C, Rakel BA, Sluka KA. Effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for treatment of hyperalgesia and pain. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2008;10(6):492\u20139 Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19007541.","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"529_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2930632","volume":"2018","author":"Y Honda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Honda Y, Sakamoto J, Hamaue Y, Kataoka H, Kondo Y, Sasabe R, et al. Effects of physical-agent pain relief modalities for fibromyalgia patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pain Res Manag. 2018;2018:1\u20139 Available from: https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/prm\/2018\/2930632\/.","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"529_CR88","unstructured":"Dailey DL, Vance CG, Rakel BA, Zimmerman MB, Embree J, Merriwether EN, et al. A randomized controlled trial of TENS for Movement-Evoked Pain In Women With Fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019:art.41170 Available from: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/art.41170."},{"issue":"8","key":"529_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew205","volume":"55","author":"W-H Hou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hou W-H, Wang T-Y, Kang J-H. The effects of add-on non-invasive brain stimulation in fibromyalgia: a meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. Rheumatology. 2016;55(8):1507\u201317 Available from: https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rheumatology\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew205.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"529_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1213","volume":"22","author":"BM Fitzgibbon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fitzgibbon BM, Hoy KE, Knox LA, Guymer EK, Littlejohn G, Elliot D, Wambeek LE, McQueen S, Elford KA, Lee SJ, Enticott PG, Fitzgerald PB. Evidence for the improvement of fatigue in fibromyalgia: a 4-week left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation randomized-controlled trial. Eur J Pain. 2018;22(7):1255\u201367. Available from:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejp.1213.","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"529_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0127012","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127012","volume":"10","author":"S Efrati","year":"2015","unstructured":"Efrati S, Golan H, Bechor Y, Faran Y, Daphna-Tekoah S, Sekler G, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can diminish fibromyalgia syndrome \u2013 prospective clinical trial. Cordero MD, editor. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0127012 Available from: https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0127012.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"123","key":"529_CR92","first-page":"0094","volume":"38","author":"F Atzeni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Atzeni F, Masala I, Cirillo M, Boccassini L, Sorbara S, Alciati A. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in fibromyalgia and the diseases involving the central nervous system. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2020;38(123):0094\u20138 Available from: https:\/\/www-clinexprheumatol-org.meir-ez.medlcp.tau.ac.il\/abstract.asp?a=14838.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"529_CR93","first-page":"449","volume":"21","author":"Y Yavne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yavne Y, Kabaha A, Rosen T, Avisar I, Orbach H, Amital D, et al. The powers of flowers: evaluating the impact of floral therapy on pain and psychiatric symptoms in fibromyalgia. Isr Med Assoc J. 2019;21(7):449\u201353 Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/31507119.","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"issue":"4","key":"529_CR94","first-page":"255","volume":"21","author":"E Dramsdahl","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dramsdahl E, Gundersen Storla D, Harari M. Multidisciplinary Biopsychosocial Program for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain at the Dead Sea. Isr Med Assoc J. 2019;21(4):255\u20139 Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/31032567. [cited 2019 Oct 3].","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"issue":"3","key":"529_CR95","first-page":"674","volume":"26","author":"M Mikkelsson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mikkelsson M. One year outcome of preadolescents with fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 1999;26(3):674\u201382 Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10090181.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"529_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.3.377","volume":"101","author":"DM Siegel","year":"1998","unstructured":"Siegel DM, Janeway D, Baum J. Fibromyalgia syndrome in children and adolescents: clinical features at presentation and status at follow-up. Pediatrics. 1998;101(3):377\u201382 Available from: http:\/\/pediatrics.aappublications.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.101.3.377.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"529_CR97","first-page":"525","volume":"22","author":"D Buskila","year":"1995","unstructured":"Buskila D, Neumann L, Hershman E, Gedalia A, Press J, Sukenik S. Fibromyalgia syndrome in children--an outcome study. J Rheumatol. 1995;22(3):525\u20138 Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/7783074.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"529_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.06.010","volume":"14","author":"AL Hassett","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hassett AL, Hilliard PE, Goesling J, Clauw DJ, Harte SE, Brummett CM. Reports of chronic pain in childhood and adolescence among patients at a tertiary care pain clinic. J Pain. 2013;14(11):1390\u20137 Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24021576.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"529_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-016-0569-9","volume":"18","author":"S Kashikar-Zuck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kashikar-Zuck S, King C, Ting TV, Arnold LM. Juvenile fibromyalgia: different from the adult chronic pain syndrome? Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2016;18(4):19 Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26984803.","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"529_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38500","volume":"66","author":"M Connelly","year":"2014","unstructured":"Connelly M, Hoffart C, Schikler K, Boneparth A, Weiss JE. A84: changes over time in symptoms and treatment of juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66:S117. Available from:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.38500.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"529_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq254","volume":"49","author":"S Kashikar-Zuck","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kashikar-Zuck S, Parkins IS, Ting TV, Verkamp E, Lynch-Jordan A, Passo M, et al. Controlled follow-up study of physical and psychosocial functioning of adolescents with juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome. Rheumatology. 2010;49(11):2204\u20139 Available from: https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/rheumatology\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq254.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"529_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e592","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2220","volume":"133","author":"S Kashikar-Zuck","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kashikar-Zuck S, Cunningham N, Sil S, Bromberg MH, Lynch-Jordan AM, Strotman D, Peugh J, Noll J, Ting TV, Powers SW, Lovell DJ, Arnold LM. Long-term outcomes of adolescents with juvenile-onset fibromyalgia in early adulthood. Pediatrics. 2014;133(3):e592\u2013600 Available from: http:\/\/pediatrics.aappublications.org\/cgi\/doi\/10.1542\/peds.2013-2220.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"529_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-019-0356-z","volume":"17","author":"JE Weiss","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weiss JE, Schikler KN, Boneparth AD, Connelly M. Demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics of the juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome cohort enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Legacy Registry. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2019;17(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"529_CR104","first-page":"639","volume":"25","author":"RM Eraso","year":"2007","unstructured":"Eraso RM, Bradford NJ, Fontenot CN, Espinoza LR, Gedalia A. Fibromyalgia syndrome in young children: onset at age 10 years and younger. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2007;25(4):639\u201344 Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17888225.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"529_CR105","first-page":"415","volume":"18","author":"A Gedalia","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gedalia A, Garc\u00eda CO, Molina JF, Bradford NJ, Espinoza LR. Fibromyalgia syndrome: experience in a pediatric rheumatology clinic. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2000;18(3):415\u20139 Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10895386.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"529_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001415","volume":"160","author":"S Kashikar-Zuck","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kashikar-Zuck S, Cunningham N, Peugh J, Black WR, Nelson S, Lynch-Jordan AM, Pfeiffer M, Tran ST, Ting TV, Arnold LM, Carle A, Noll J, Powers SW, Lovell DJ. Long-term outcomes of adolescents with juvenile-onset fibromyalgia into adulthood and impact of depressive symptoms on functioning over time. Pain. 2019;160(2):433\u201341. Available from: http:\/\/insights.ovid.com\/crossref?an=00006396-201902000-00017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001415.","journal-title":"Pain."},{"issue":"9","key":"529_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsq020","volume":"35","author":"S Kashikar-Zuck","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kashikar-Zuck S, Johnston M, Ting TV, Graham BT, Lynch-Jordan AM, Verkamp E, et al. Relationship between school absenteeism and depressive symptoms among adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia. J Pediatr Psychol. 2010;35(9):996\u20131004 Available from: https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jpepsy\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsq020.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"529_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.07.012","volume":"28","author":"CA Kearney","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kearney CA. School absenteeism and school refusal behavior in youth: a contemporary review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2008;28(3):451\u201371 Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17720288.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"529_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21921","volume":"65","author":"S Sil","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sil S, Lynch-Jordan A, Ting TV, Peugh J, Noll J, Kashikar-Zuck S. Influence of family environment on long-term psychosocial functioning of adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013;65(6):903\u20139. Available from:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.21921.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"529_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.03.006","volume":"210","author":"S Gmuca","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gmuca S, Xiao R, Urquhart A, Weiss PF, Gillham JE, Ginsburg KR, et al. The role of patient and parental resilience in adolescents with chronic musculoskeletal pain. J Pediatr. 2019;210:118\u2013126.e2 Available from: https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022347619302938.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"529_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.07.015","volume":"57","author":"AM Lynch-Jordan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lynch-Jordan AM, Sil S, Bromberg M, Ting TV, Kashikar-Zuck S. Cross-sectional study of young adults diagnosed with juvenile fibromyalgia: social support and its impact on functioning and mood. J Adolesc Heal. 2015;57(5):482\u20137 Available from: https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1054139X15002955.","journal-title":"J Adolesc Heal"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12969-021-00529-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12969-021-00529-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12969-021-00529-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T21:16:05Z","timestamp":1699046165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ped-rheum.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12969-021-00529-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["529"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12969-021-00529-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-0096"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1546-0096","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 February 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"74"}}