{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T01:59:22Z","timestamp":1791165562443,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Maternal infection has been posited as a risk factor for childhood autoimmune disease such as type I diabetes. Given that similar studies in JIA are scant, our objective was to evaluate the association between Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) and maternal infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This case\u2013control study used an existing database that included 1290 JIA cases and 6072 controls matched on birth year. Maternal infection information was obtained from Washington State birth records. JIA diagnosis and categories were confirmed through chart review. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>JIA was not associated with maternal infection (OR\u2009=\u20091.02, 95%CI: 0.8\u20131.3). There was no association between JIA and maternal infection for persistent oligoarticular, RF negative polyarticular, or enthesitis-related JIA. There was suggestive evidence of an increased association of maternal infection with JIA in females in sex-stratified analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We did not observe an increased risk of JIA in children exposed to maternal infection. Suggestive evidence of differential sex-specific results warrants further study.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-022-00703-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T12:15:04Z","timestamp":1655986504000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association of juvenile idiopathic arthritis with maternal infection: a case control study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Sutton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabah M.","family":"Quraishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Shenoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"703_CR1","first-page":"390","volume":"31","author":"RE Petty","year":"2004","unstructured":"Petty RE, Southwood TR, Manners P, Baum J, Glass DN, Goldenberg J, et al. International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:390\u20132 PMID: 14760812.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"703_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CPPEDS.2011.01.001","volume":"41","author":"K Calkins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Calkins K, Devaskar SU. Fetal origins of adult disease. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2011;41:158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CPPEDS.2011.01.001.","journal-title":"Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care"},{"key":"703_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.4.723","volume":"28","author":"B Xu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Xu B, Pekkanen J, J\u00e4rvelin MR, Olsen P, Hartikainen AL. Maternal infections in pregnancy and the development of asthma among offspring. Int J Epidemiol. 1999;28:723\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/28.4.723.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"703_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2011.01206.x","volume":"22","author":"CS Algert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Algert CS, Bowen JR, Lain SL, Allen HD, Vivian-Taylor JM, Roberts CL. Pregnancy exposures and risk of childhood asthma admission in a population birth cohort. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2011;22:836\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2011.01206.x.","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"703_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001339","volume":"64","author":"K M\u00e5rild","year":"2017","unstructured":"M\u00e5rild K, Kahrs CR, Tapia G, Stene LC, St\u00f8rdal K. Maternal infections, antibiotics, and paracetamol in pregnancy and offspring celiac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017;64:730\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001339.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"703_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818002455","volume":"146","author":"Y Yue","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yue Y, Tang Y, Tang J, Shi J, Zhu T, Huang J, et al. Maternal infection during pregnancy and type 1 diabetes mellitus in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiol Infect. 2018;146:2131\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268818002455.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"703_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3422","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00343-8","volume":"21","author":"M Goldman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Goldman M, Marchant A. The impact of maternal infection or immunization on early-onset autoimmune diabetes. Vaccine. 2003;21:3422\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00343-8.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"703_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.089342","volume":"68","author":"C Carlens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carlens C, Jacobsson L, Brandt L, Cnattingius S, Stephansson O, Askling J. Perinatal characteristics, early life infections and later risk of rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68:1159\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2008.089342.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"703_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-021-00611-4","volume":"19","author":"E Kindgren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kindgren E, Ludvigsson J. Infections and antibiotics during fetal life and childhood and their relationship to juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a prospective cohort study. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2021;19:145 https:\/\/doi-org.offcampus.lib.washington.edu\/10.1186\/s12969-021-00611-4.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol"},{"key":"703_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22471","volume":"67","author":"S Shenoi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shenoi S, Bell S, Wallace CA, Mueller BA. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis in relation to maternal prenatal smoking. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2015;67:725\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.22471.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"703_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-017-0167-z","volume":"15","author":"SW Bell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bell SW, Shenoi S, Nelson JL, Bhatti P, Mueller BA. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis in relation to perinatal and maternal characteristics: a case control study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2017;15:36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12969-017-0167-z.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"703_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2147\/OARRR.S165916","volume":"11","author":"DB Horton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Horton DB, Shenoi S. Review of environmental factors and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Open Access Rheumatol Res Rev. 2019;11:253\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OARRR.S165916.","journal-title":"Open Access Rheumatol Res Rev"},{"key":"703_CR13","volume-title":"Stata statistical software: release 15","author":"StataCorp","year":"2015","unstructured":"StataCorp. Stata statistical software: release 15. 2015."},{"key":"703_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40350","volume":"70","author":"PA Nigrovic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nigrovic PA, Raychaudhuri S, Thompson SD. Review: genetics and the classification of arthritis in adults and children. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018;70:7\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.40350.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"703_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.180168","volume":"46","author":"A Martini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martini A, Ravelli A, Avcin T, Beresford MW, Burgos-Vargas R, Cuttica R, et al. Toward new classification criteria for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: First steps, pediatric rheumatology international trials organization international consensus. J Rheumatol. 2019;46:190\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3899\/jrheum.180168.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12969-022-00703-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12969-022-00703-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12969-022-00703-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T12:18:17Z","timestamp":1655986697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ped-rheum.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12969-022-00703-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["703"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12969-022-00703-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-0096"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1546-0096","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 December 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was reviewed and approved by Washington State and Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital Institutional Review Boards (IRB) (Exempt Determination 2019\u2013068).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publications"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"45"}}