{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T07:19:34Z","timestamp":1788679174914,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688947200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Rheumatol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) may suffer from disability and disease-related damage. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of disability and damage, and identify the factors associated with articular and extra-articular damage in children and adolescents with JIA in a resource-restricted setting in Thailand.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This cross-sectional study enrolled JIA patients during June 2019-June 2021. Disability was assessed using the Child Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and Steinbrocker classification criteria. Damage was evaluated using the Juvenile Arthritis Damage Index (JADI) and the modified-JADI (mJADI) tools.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There were 101 patients (50.5% female) with median age of 11.8 years. Median disease duration was 32.7 months. Enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) was the most common subtype (33.7%), followed by systemic JIA (25.7%). Thirty-three (32.7%) patients had delayed diagnosis\u2009\u2265\u20096 months. Moderate to severe disability was found in 20 (19.8%) patients. Patients with Steinbrocker functional classification\u2009&gt;\u2009class I were seen in 17.9%. Thirty-seven (36.6%) patients had articular damage. Extra-articular complications were observed in 24.8%. Growth failure and striae were the most common complications in 7.8%. Leg-length discrepancy was documented in 5.0%. Ocular damage was found in 1 patient with ERA. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed Steinbrocker functional classification\u2009&gt;\u2009class I (aOR: 18.1, 95% CI: 3.9\u201384.6; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), delayed diagnosis\u2009\u2265\u20096 months (aOR: 8.5, 95%CI: 2.7\u201327.0; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and ERA (aOR: 5.7, 95%CI: 1.8\u201318.3; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004) as independent predictors of articular damage. Systemic corticosteroids use was the independent predictor of extra-articular damage (aOR: 3.8, 95%CI: 1.3\u201311.1; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Disability and disease-related damage was identified in one-fifth and one-third of JIA patients. Early detection and treatment are essential for preventing permanent damage.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-023-00852-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T09:02:29Z","timestamp":1688979749000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Disability and disease-related damage in Thai children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Sirikarn","family":"Tangcheewinsirikul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maynart","family":"Sukharomana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0506-6039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sirirat","family":"Charuvanij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"852_CR1","first-page":"390","volume":"31","author":"RE Petty","year":"2004","unstructured":"Petty RE, Southwood TR, Manners P, et al. 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