{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T14:22:39Z","timestamp":1790000559430,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Rheumatol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-025-01178-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T17:16:53Z","timestamp":1767028613000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical outcomes of giant coronary aneurysms in South Asian children with Kawasaki disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Kumar","family":"Abhinav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisanth","family":"Selvam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raman Krishna","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aishee","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manu","family":"Pradeep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suma","family":"Balan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1178_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.4070\/kcj.2016.0163","volume":"47","author":"JS Bang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bang JS, Kim GB, Kwon BS, Song MK, An HS, Song YW, Bae EJ, Noh CI. Long-Term prognosis for patients with Kawasaki disease complicated by large coronary aneurysm (diameter\u2009\u2265\u20096\u00a0mm). Korean Circulation J. 2017;47:516\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4070\/kcj.2016.0163.","journal-title":"Korean Circulation J"},{"key":"1178_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barman P, Pilania R, Kumar R, Gayathri CV, Thangaraj A, Arora M, et al. Treatment intensification in Kawasaki disease \u2013 current perspectives. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2024;20:1179\u20131191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1744666X.2024.2378900.","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2024.2378900"},{"key":"1178_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014884.pub2","author":"C Broderick","year":"2023","unstructured":"Broderick C, Kobayashi S, Suto M, Ito S, Kobayashi T. Intravenous Immunoglobulin for the treatment of Kawasaki disease. Cochrane Database Syst Reviews CD014884. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD014884.pub2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Reviews CD014884"},{"key":"1178_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24838","volume":"74","author":"M Gorelik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gorelik M, Chung SA, Ardalan K, Binstadt BA, Friedman K, Hayward K, Imundo LF, Lapidus SK, Kim S, Son MB, Sule S, Tremoulet AH, Van Mater H, Yildirim-Toruner C, Langford CA, Maz M, Abril A, Guyatt G, Archer AM, Conn DL, Full KA, Grayson PC, Ibarra MF, Merkel PA, Rhee RL, Seo P, Stone JH, Sundel RP, Vitobaldi OI, Warner A, Byram K, Dua AB, Husainat N, James KE, Kalot M, Lin YC, Springer JM, Turgunbaev M, Villa-Forte A, Turner AS, Mustafa RA. 2021 American college of Rheumatology\/Vasculitis foundation guideline for the management of Kawasaki disease. Arthritis Care Res. 2022;74:538\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.24838.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"1178_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key344","volume":"58","author":"N de Graeff","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Graeff N, Groot N, Ozen S, Eleftheriou D, Avcin T, Bader-Meunier B, Dolezalova P, Feldman BM, Kone-Paut I, Lahdenne P, McCann L, Pilkington C, Ravelli A, van Royen-Kerkhof A, Uziel Y, Vastert B, Wulffraat N, Kamphuis S, Brogan P, Beresford MW. European consensus-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of Kawasaki disease \u2013 the SHARE initiative. Rheumatology. 2019;58:672\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/key344.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"1178_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.01.092","volume":"281","author":"NG Gutierrez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gutierrez NG, Mathew M, McCrindle BW, Tran JS, Kahn AM, Burns JC, Marsden AL. Hemodynamic variables in aneurysms are associated with thrombotic risk in children with Kawasaki disease. Int J Cardiol. 2019;281:15\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.01.092.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"1178_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"b1514","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b1514","volume":"338","author":"A Harnden","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harnden A, Takahashi M, Burgner D. Kawasaki disease. BMJ. 2009;338:b1514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.b1514.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1178_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jindal AK, Pandiarajan V, Khubchandani R, Kamath N, Sabui T, Mondal R, Pal P, Singh S. The emergence of Kawasaki disease in India and China. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21542\/gcsp.2017.21.","DOI":"10.21542\/gcsp.2017.21"},{"key":"1178_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jone P-N, Tremoulet A, Choueiter N, Dominguez SR, Harahsheh AS, Mitani Y, et al. Update on diagnosis and management of Kawasaki disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024;150:e481\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001295.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001295"},{"key":"1178_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e022417","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.022417","volume":"12","author":"T Kato","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kato T, Miura M, Kobayashi T, Kaneko T, Fukushima N, Suda K, Maeda J, Shimoyama S, Shiono J, Hirono K, Ikeda K, Sato S, Numano F, Mitani Y, Waki K, Ayusawa M, Fukazawa R, Fuse S, The Z-Score Project 2nd Stage Study Group. Analysis of coronary arterial aneurysm regression in patients with Kawasaki disease by aneurysm severity: factors associated with regression. J Am Heart Association. 2023;12:e022417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.121.022417.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Association"},{"key":"1178_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2006.47.6.759","volume":"47","author":"DS Kim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim DS. Kawasaki disease. Yonsei Med J. 2006;47:759\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3349\/ymj.2006.47.6.759.","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"1178_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002793","volume":"39","author":"GB Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim GB, Eun LY, Han JW, Kim SH, Yoon KL, Han MY, Yu JJ, Choi J-W, Rhim JW. Epidemiology of Kawasaki disease in South korea: A nationwide survey 2015\u20132017. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39:1012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/INF.0000000000002793.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"1178_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.690875","volume":"116","author":"BW McCrindle","year":"2007","unstructured":"McCrindle BW, Li JS, Minich LL, Colan SD, Atz AM, Takahashi M, Vetter VL, Gersony WM, Mitchell PD, Newburger JW, Pediatric Heart Network Investigators. Coronary artery involvement in children with Kawasaki disease: risk factors from analysis of serial normalized measurements. Circulation. 2007;116:174\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.690875.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1178_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McCrindle BW, Rowley AH, Newburger JW, Burns JC, Bolger AF, Gewitz M, et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a scientific statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017;135:e927\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000484.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000484"},{"key":"1178_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.24509\/jpccs.0501G1","volume":"5","author":"M Miura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miura M, Ayusawa M, Fukazawa R, Hamada H, Ikeda S, Ito S, Kanai T, Kobayashi T, Suzuki H, Yamamura K, Miyata K, Yokoyama U, Ichida F, Mitani Y, Terai M. Guidelines for medical treatment of acute Kawasaki disease (2020 revised Version). J Pediatr Cardiol Cardiac Surg. 2021;5:41\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24509\/jpccs.0501G1.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Cardiol Cardiac Surg"},{"key":"1178_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moreno E, Garcia SD, Bainto E, Salgado AP, Parish A, Rosellini BD, et al. Presentation and outcomes of Kawasaki disease in Latin American infants younger than 6 months of age: a multinational multicenter study of the REKAMLATINA Network. Front Pediatr. 2020;8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2020.00384.","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00384"},{"key":"1178_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.12.073","volume":"67","author":"JW Newburger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Newburger JW, Takahashi M, Burns JC. Kawasaki disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:1738\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.12.073.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1178_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pilania RK, Basu S, Dixit J, Kumrah R, Jindal AK, Thangaraj A, et al. Incidence of Kawasaki disease among children in Chandigarh, India during 2015\u20132019: a trend analysis. Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia. 2024;29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lansea.2024.100474.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2024.100474"},{"key":"1178_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt-24-289","volume":"15","author":"N Saito","year":"2025","unstructured":"Saito N, Ebata R, Okunushi K, Yasukawa K, Hamada H. Treatment and prognosis of patients with Kawasaki disease and giant coronary artery aneurysm: a retrospective observational study. Cardiovasc Diagnosis Therapy. 2025;15:784\u2013784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/cdt-24-289.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diagnosis Therapy"},{"key":"1178_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seo J. Advancing risk stratification of coronary artery aneurysms caused by Kawasaki disease using hemodynamics analysis and computational fluid dynamics. Kawasaki Disease. 2023;1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59492\/kd.2023.1.1.e6.","DOI":"10.59492\/kd.2023.1.1.e6"},{"key":"1178_CR21","first-page":"563","volume":"46","author":"S Singh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Singh S, Kawasaki T. Kawasaki disease - an Indian perspective. Indian Pediatr. 2009;46:563\u201371.","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"1178_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951120001134","volume":"30","author":"P Yuan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yuan P, Su D, Mandal KD, Qin S, Zhao N, Pang Y. Outcomes of Kawasaki disease with giant coronary aneurysms: a single-centre study in Southwest China. Cardiol Young. 2020;30:834\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1047951120001134.","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12969-025-01178-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12969-025-01178-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12969-025-01178-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T17:16:54Z","timestamp":1767028614000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12969-025-01178-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12969-025-01178-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-0096"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1546-0096","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Amrita School of Medicine Ethics Committee (ECASM-AIMS-2025-110) with waiver of consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"127"}}