{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T20:45:32Z","timestamp":1784666732037,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]],"date-time":"2016-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]],"date-time":"2016-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST103-2321-B-038-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST103-2321-B-038-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1NS094152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1NS094152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ari and Regine Aprijaskis Fund at Tel-Aviv University"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG000311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG000311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroinflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0631-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]],"date-time":"2016-06-29T02:46:59Z","timestamp":1467168419000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Pomalidomide mitigates neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, and behavioral impairments induced by traumatic brain injury in rat"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jing-Ya","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Ni","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chong-Chi","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Tweedie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiming","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaim G.","family":"Pick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szu-Yi","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry J.","family":"Hoffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel H.","family":"Greig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"631_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2007-22502","volume":"22","author":"AA Hyder","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hyder AA, Wunderlich CA, Puvanachandra P, Gururaj G, Kobusingye OC. The impact of traumatic brain injuries: a global perspective. NeuroRehabilitation. 2007;22(5):341\u201353.","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"issue":"19","key":"631_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.14008","volume":"308","author":"RL Ruff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ruff RL, Riechers RG. Effective treatment of traumatic brain injury: learning from experience. JAMA. 2012;308(19):2032\u20133.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"631_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-200609000-00001","volume":"21","author":"JA Langlois","year":"2006","unstructured":"Langlois JA, Rutland-Brown W, Wald MM. The epidemiology and impact of traumatic brain injury: a brief overview. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2006;21(5):375\u201378.","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"631_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2011.05.009","volume":"30","author":"ML Prins","year":"2012","unstructured":"Prins ML, Giza CC. Repeat traumatic brain injury in the developing brain. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2012;30(3):185\u201390.","journal-title":"Int J Dev Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"631_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2006.08.004","volume":"14","author":"WT Chiu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chiu WT, Huang SJ, Tsai SH, Lin JW, Tsai MD, et al. The impact of time, legislation, and geography on the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury. J Clin Neurosci. 2007;14(10):930\u201335.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"631_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-005-0651-y","volume":"148","author":"F Tagliaferri","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tagliaferri F, Compagnone C, Korsic M, Servadei F, Kraus J. A systematic review of brain injury epidemiology in Europe. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2006;148(3):255\u201368.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"4","key":"631_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.12.JNS12693","volume":"118","author":"HY Shi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shi HY, Hwang SL, Lee KT, Lin CL. Temporal trends and volume-outcome associations after traumatic brain injury: a 12-year study in Taiwan. J Neurosurg. 2013;118(4):732\u20138.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"631_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000616","volume":"83","author":"DE Barnes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barnes DE, Kaup A, Kirby KA, Byers AL, Diaz-Arrastia R, et al. Traumatic brain injury and risk of dementia in older veterans. Neurology. 2014;83(4):312\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"631_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2015.03.001","volume":"66","author":"RC Gardner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gardner RC, Yaffe K. Epidemiology of mild traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disease. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2015;66(Pt B):75\u201380.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"631_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aem128","volume":"99","author":"IK Moppett","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moppett IK. Traumatic brain injury: assessment, resuscitation and early management. Br J Anaesth. 2007;99(1):18\u201331.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"631_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.12.011","volume":"10","author":"NH Greig","year":"2014","unstructured":"Greig NH, Tweedie D, Rachmany L, Li Y, Rubovitch V, et al. Incretin mimetics as pharmacologic tools to elucidate and as a new drug strategy to treat traumatic brain injury. Alzheimers Dement. 2014;10(1 Suppl):S62\u201375.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"631_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)61002-9","volume":"161","author":"MC LaPlaca","year":"2007","unstructured":"LaPlaca MC, Simon CM, Prado GR, Cullen DK. CNS injury biomechanics and experimental models. Prog Brain Res. 2007;161:13\u201326.","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"631_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2010.09.001","volume":"30","author":"G Barkhoudarian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barkhoudarian G, Hovda DA, Giza CC. The molecular pathophysiology of concussive brain injury. Clin Sports Med. 2011;30(1):33\u201348. vii-iii.","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"631_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.20104","volume":"76","author":"MW Greve","year":"2009","unstructured":"Greve MW, Zink BJ. Pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. Mt Sinai J Med. 2009;76(2):97\u2013104.","journal-title":"Mt Sinai J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"631_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1097\/00075198-200204000-00002","volume":"8","author":"MC Morganti-Kossmann","year":"2002","unstructured":"Morganti-Kossmann MC, Rancan M, Stahel PF, Kossmann T. Inflammatory response in acute traumatic brain injury: a double-edged sword. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2002;8(2):101\u20135.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"631_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2004.12.028","volume":"48","author":"OI Schmidt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schmidt OI, Heyde CE, Ertel W, Stahel PF. Closed head injury\u2014an inflammatory disease? Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2005;48(2):388\u201399.","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"631_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.2174\/187152711794653751","volume":"10","author":"KA Frankola","year":"2011","unstructured":"Frankola KA, Greig NH, Luo W, Tweedie D. Targeting TNF-\u03b1 to elucidate and ameliorate neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2011;10:391\u2013403.","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets."},{"key":"631_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(01)00147-0","volume":"56","author":"EP Sampaio","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sampaio EP, Hernandez MO, Carvalho DS, Sarno EN. Management of erythema nodosum leprosum by thalidomide: thalidomide analogues inhibit M. leprae-induced TNFalpha production in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother. 2002;56:13\u20139.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"6","key":"631_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00408-8","volume":"108","author":"L Calabrese","year":"2000","unstructured":"Calabrese L, Fleischer AB. Thalidomide: current and potential clinical applications. Am J Med. 2000;108(6):487\u201395.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"631_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0237-4","volume":"12","author":"R Baratz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baratz R, Tweedie D, Wang JY, Rubovitch V, Luo W, et al. Transiently lowering tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 synthesis ameliorates neuronal cell loss and cognitive impairments induced by minimal traumatic brain injury in mice. J Neuroinflammation. 2015;12:45.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation."},{"key":"631_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-106","volume":"9","author":"D Tweedie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tweedie D, Ferguson RA, Fishman K, Frankola KA, Van Praag H, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 synthesis inhibitor 3,6\u2032-dithiothalidomide attenuates markers of inflammation, Alzheimer pathology and behavioral deficits in animal models of neuroinflammation and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neuroinflammation. 2012;9:106.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"5","key":"631_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23190","volume":"91","author":"JS Yoon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yoon JS, Lee JH, Tweedie D, Mughal MR, Chigurupati S, et al. 3,6\u2032-dithiothalidomide improves experimental stroke outcome by suppressing neuroinflammation. J Neurosci Res. 2013;91(5):671\u201380.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"631_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4191","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.599","volume":"32","author":"J Shortt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shortt J, Hsu AK, Johnstone RW. Thalidomide-analogue biology: immunological, molecular and epigenetic targets in cancer therapy. Oncogene. 2013;32:4191\u2013202.","journal-title":"Oncogene."},{"key":"631_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e143","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2013.38","volume":"3","author":"A Chanan-Khan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chanan-Khan A, Swaika A, Paulus A, Kumar SK, Mikhael JR, et al. Pomalidomide: the new immunomodulatory agent for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J. 2013;3:e143.","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"issue":"3","key":"631_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2014-0073","volume":"20","author":"Z Hanaizi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hanaizi Z, Flores B, Hemmings R, Camarero J, Sancho-Lopez A, et al. The European medicines agency review of pomalidomide in combination with low-dose dexamethasone for the treatment of adult patients with multiple myeloma: summary of the scientific assessment of the committee for medicinal products for human use. Oncologist. 2015;20(3):329\u201334.","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"631_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.05.023","volume":"81","author":"SF Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen SF, Hung TH, Chen CC, Lin KH, Huang YN, et al. Lovastatin improves histological and functional outcomes and reduces inflammation after experimental traumatic brain injury. Life Sci. 2007;81:288\u201398.","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"631_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.345","volume":"155","author":"SF Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen SF, Hsu CW, Huang WH, Wang JY. Post-injury baicalein improves histological and functional outcomes and reduces inflammatory cytokines after experimental traumatic brain injury. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;155:1279\u201396.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol."},{"key":"631_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.03.015","volume":"269","author":"LY Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang LY, Chu YH, Tweedie D, Yu QS, Pick CG, et al. Post-trauma administration of the pifithrin-\u03b1 oxygen analog improves histological and functional outcomes after experimental traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol. 2015;269:56\u201366.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"631_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19980501)52:3<342::AID-JNR10>3.0.CO;2-8","volume":"52","author":"C Zhang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zhang C, Raghupathi R, Saatman KE, Smith DH, Stutzmann JM, et al. Riluzole attenuates cortical lesion size, but not hippocampal neuronal loss, following traumatic brain injury in the rat. J Neurosci Res. 1998;52(3):342\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"631_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02513-0","volume":"874","author":"LC Schmued","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schmued LC, Hopkins KJ. Fluoro-Jade B: a high affinity fluorescent marker for the localization of neuronal degeneration. Brain Res. 2000;874:123\u201330.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"631_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.11.054","volume":"1035","author":"LC Schmued","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schmued LC, Stowers CC, Scallet AC, Xu L. Fluoro-Jade C results in ultra high resolution and contrast labeling of degenerating neurons. Brain Res. 2005;1035(1):24\u201331.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"631_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1997.6730","volume":"149","author":"CV Borlongan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Borlongan CV, Tajima Y, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM, Sanberg PR. Transplantation of cryopreserved human embryonal carcinoma-derived neurons (NT2N cells) promotes functional recovery in ischemic rats. Exp Neurol. 1998;149(2):310\u201321.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"631_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(81)90067-6","volume":"211","author":"DM Feeney","year":"1981","unstructured":"Feeney DM, Boyeson MG, Linn RT, Murray HM, Dail WG. Responses to cortical injury: I. Methodology and local effects of contusions in the rat. Brain Res. 1981;211(1):67\u201377.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"631_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2009.125","volume":"4","author":"V Bouet","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bouet V, Boulouard M, Toutain J, Divoux D, Bernaudin M, et al. The adhesive removal test: a sensitive method to assess sensorimotor deficits in mice. Nat Protoc. 2009;4(10):1560\u20134.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"issue":"8","key":"631_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1042\/CBI20110183","volume":"36","author":"MS Choudhery","year":"2012","unstructured":"Choudhery MS, Khan M, Mahmood R, Mehmood A, Khan SN, et al. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells from aged mice have reduced wound healing, angiogenesis, proliferation and anti-apoptosis capabilities. Cell Biol Int. 2012;36(8):747\u201353.","journal-title":"Cell Biol Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"631_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1715","volume":"9","author":"AE Cardona","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cardona AE, Pioro EP, Sasse ME, Kostenko V, Cardona SM, et al. Control of microglial neurotoxicity by the fractalkine receptor. Nat Neurosci. 2006;9(7):917\u201324.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"631_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.06.021","volume":"240","author":"YN Huang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Huang YN, Wu CH, Lin TC, Wang JY. Methamphetamine induces heme oxygenase-1 expression in cortical neurons and glia to prevent its toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009;240(3):315\u201326.","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"631_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(03)00048-4","volume":"118","author":"O Zohar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zohar O, Schreiber S, Getslev V, Schwartz JP, Mullins PG, Pick CG. Closed-head minimal traumatic brain injury produces long-term cognitive deficits in mice. Neuroscience. 2003;118:949\u201355.","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"631_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aem131","volume":"99","author":"C Werner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Werner C, Engelhard K. Pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. Br J Anaesth. 2007;99:4\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth."},{"key":"631_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(91)90104-8","volume":"39","author":"CE Dixon","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dixon CE, Clifton GL, Lighthall JW, Yaghmai AA, Hayes RL. A controlled cortical impact model of traumatic brain injury in the rat. J Neurosci Methods. 1991;39:253\u201362.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods."},{"key":"631_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1992.9.11","volume":"9","author":"RJ Hamm","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hamm RJ, Dixon CE, Gbadebo DM, Singha AK, Jenkins LW, et al. Cognitive deficits following traumatic brain injury produced by controlled cortical impact. J Neurotrauma. 1992;9:11\u201320.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"631_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4402159","volume":"14","author":"N Plesnila","year":"2007","unstructured":"Plesnila N, von Baumgarten L, Retiounskaia M, Engel D, Ardeshiri A, et al. Delayed neuronal death after brain trauma involves p53-dependent inhibition of NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. Cell Death Differ. 2007;14:1529\u201341.","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"631_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9328","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.20.9328","volume":"92","author":"SW Barger","year":"1995","unstructured":"Barger SW, H\u00f6rster D, Furukawa K, Goodman Y, Krieglstein J, et al. Tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta protect neurons against amyloid beta-peptide toxicity: evidence for involvement of a kappa B-binding factor and attenuation of peroxide and Ca2+ accumulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995;92:9328\u201332.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"631_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32869","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M311766200","volume":"279","author":"L Marchetti","year":"2004","unstructured":"Marchetti L, Klein M, Schlett K, Pfizenmaier K, Eisel UL. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated neuroprotection against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity is enhanced by N-methyl-daspartate receptor activation: essential role of a TNF receptor 2-mediated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent NF-kappa B pathway. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:32869\u201381.","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"631_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2004.08.017","volume":"21","author":"W Schneider-Brachert","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schneider-Brachert W, Tchikov V, Neumeyer J, Jakob M, Winoto-Morbach S, et al. Compartmentalization of TNF receptor 1 signaling: internalized TNF receptosomes as death signaling vesicles. Immunity. 2004;21:415\u201328.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"631_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-5-45","volume":"5","author":"MK McCoy","year":"2008","unstructured":"McCoy MK, Tansey MG. TNF signaling inhibition in the CNS: implications for normal brain function and neurodegenerative disease. J Neuroinflammation. 2008;5:45.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"631_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1120","volume":"27","author":"T Frugier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Frugier T, Morganti-Kossmann MC, O\u2019Reilly D, McLean CA. In situ detection of inflammatory mediators in post mortem human brain tissue after traumatic injury. J Neurotrauma. 2010;27:497\u2013507.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"631_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1992.263.1.C1","volume":"263","author":"EN Benveniste","year":"1992","unstructured":"Benveniste EN. Inflammatory cytokines within the central nervous system: sources, function, and mechanism of action. Am J Physiol. 1992;263(1 Pt 1):C1\u201316.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"631_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199706000-00020","volume":"42","author":"CG Gourin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gourin CG, Shackford SR. Production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta by human cerebral microvascular endothelium after percussive trauma. J Trauma. 1997;42(6):1101\u20137.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"631_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.3109\/02688699408995109","volume":"8","author":"SA Ross","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ross SA, Halliday MI, Campbell GC, Byrnes DP, Rowlands BJ. The presence of tumour necrosis factor in CSF and plasma after severe head injury. Br J Neurosurg. 1994;8(4):419\u201325.","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"631_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(98)00273-2","volume":"95","author":"SM Knoblach","year":"1999","unstructured":"Knoblach SM, Fan L, Faden AI. Early neuronal expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha after experimental brain injury contributes to neurological impairment. J Neuroimmunol. 1999;95(1-2):115\u201325.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"631_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07377.x","volume":"118","author":"R Baratz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baratz R, Tweedie D, Rubovitch V, Luo W, Yoon JS, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 synthesis inhibitor, 3,6\u2032-dithiothalidomide, reverses behavioral impairments induced by minimal traumatic brain injury in mice. J Neurochem. 2011;118:1032\u201342.","journal-title":"J Neurochem."},{"key":"631_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.05.024","volume":"275","author":"PJ Bergold","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bergold PJ. Treatment of traumatic brain injury with anti-inflammatory drugs. Exp Neurol. 2016;275:367\u201380.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"631_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199605000-00004","volume":"16","author":"E Shohami","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shohami E, Bass R, Wallach D, Yamin A, Gallily R. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) activity in rat brain is associated with cerebroprotection after closed head injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1996;16(3):378\u201384.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"631_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(96)00181-6","volume":"72","author":"E Shohami","year":"1997","unstructured":"Shohami E, Gallily R, Mechoulam R, Bass R, Ben-Hur T. Cytokine production in the brain following closed head injury: dexanabinol (HU-211) is a novel TNF-alpha inhibitor and an effective neuroprotectant. J Neuroimmunol. 1997;72(2):169\u201377.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"631_CR56","first-page":"1073","volume":"40","author":"K Eger","year":"1990","unstructured":"Eger K, Jalalian M, Verspohl EJ, Lupke NP. Synthesis, central nervous system activity and teratogenicity of a homothalidomide. Arzneimittelforschung. 1990;40:1073\u20135.","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"631_CR57","first-page":"35","volume":"3","author":"J Kling","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kling J. Redeeming thalidomide. Modern Drug Discovery. 2000;3:35\u20136.","journal-title":"Modern Drug Discovery."},{"key":"631_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.21096","volume":"105","author":"N Vargesson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vargesson N. Thalidomide-induced teratogenesis: history and mechanisms. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2015;105:140\u201356.","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today."},{"key":"631_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt196563303","volume":"6","author":"J Sheskin","year":"1965","unstructured":"Sheskin J. Thalidomide in the treatment of lepra reactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1965;6:303\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"631_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(02)01645-3","volume":"4","author":"S Teo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Teo S, Resztak KE, Scheffler MA, Kook KA, Zeldis JB, et al. Thalidomide in the treatment of leprosy. Microbes Infect. 2002;4:1193\u2013202.","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"631_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.6.1675","volume":"177","author":"AL Moreira","year":"1993","unstructured":"Moreira AL, Sampaio EP, Zmuidzinas A, Frindt P, Smith KA, et al. Thalidomide exerts its inhibitory action on tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 by enhancing mRNA degradation. J Exp Med. 1993;177:1675\u201380.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"631_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3044","DOI":"10.1021\/jm960284r","volume":"39","author":"S Niwayama","year":"1996","unstructured":"Niwayama S, Turk BE, Liu JO. Potent inhibition of tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 production by tetrafluorothalidomide and tetrafluorophthalimides. J Med Chem. 1996;39:3044\u20135.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"631_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.1.210","volume":"98","author":"FE Davies","year":"2001","unstructured":"Davies FE, Raje N, Hideshima T, Lentzsch S, Young G, et al. Thalidomide and immunomodulatory derivatives augment natural killer cell cytotoxicity in multiple myeloma. Blood. 2001;98:210\u20136.","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"631_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12703","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1307684110","volume":"110","author":"C Mahony","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mahony C, Erskine L, Niven J, Greig NH, Figg WD, et al. Pomalidomide is nonteratogenic in chicken and zebrafish embryos and nonneurotoxic in vitro. PNAS. 2013;110:12703\u20138.","journal-title":"PNAS."},{"key":"631_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-99","volume":"9","author":"SP Gabbita","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gabbita SP, Srivastava MK, Eslami P, Johnson MF, Kobritz NK, et al. Early intervention with a small molecule inhibitor for tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 prevents cognitive deficits in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neuroinflammation. 2012;9:99.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation."},{"key":"631_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2012.728597","volume":"54","author":"YX Zhu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhu YX, Kortuem KM, Stewart AK. Molecular mechanism of action of immune-modulatory drugs thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide in multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2013;54:683\u20137.","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma."},{"issue":"2","key":"631_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(02)00010-2","volume":"67","author":"CX Wang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wang CX, Shuaib A. Involvement of inflammatory cytokines in central nervous system injury. Prog Neurobiol. 2002;67(2):161\u201372.","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"631_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.65","volume":"33","author":"L Longhi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Longhi L, Perego C, Ortolano F, Aresi S, Fumagalli S, et al. Tumor necrosis factor in traumatic brain injury: effects of genetic deletion of p55 or p75 receptor. J Cerebral Blood Flow Metabolism. 2013;33(8):1182\u20139.","journal-title":"J Cerebral Blood Flow Metabolism"},{"key":"631_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8721","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.15.8721","volume":"96","author":"U Scherbel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Scherbel U, Raghupathi R, Nakamura M, Saatman KE, Trojanowski JQ, et al. Differential acute and chronic responses of tumor necrosis factor-deficient mice to experimental brain injury. PNAS. 1999;96:8721\u20136.","journal-title":"PNAS."},{"issue":"15","key":"631_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6248","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-15-06248.1999","volume":"19","author":"PG Sullivan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sullivan PG, Bruce-Keller AJ, Rabchevsky AG, Christakos S, Clair DK, et al. Exacerbation of damage and altered NF-kappaB activation in mice lacking tumor necrosis factor receptors after traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci. 1999;19(15):6248\u201356.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"631_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1991.13","volume":"11","author":"GL Clifton","year":"1991","unstructured":"Clifton GL, Jiang JY, Lyeth BG, Jenkins LW, Hamm RJ, et al. Marked protection by moderate hypothermia after experimental traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1991;11:114\u201321.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"631_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1993.10.57","volume":"10","author":"BG Lyeth","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lyeth BG, Jiang JY, Liu S. Behavioral protection by moderate hypothermia initiated after experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 1993;10:57\u201364.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"631_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng Y, Gao J, Cui Y, Li M, Li R, et al. Neuroprotective effects of resatorvid against traumatic brain injury in rat: involvement of neuronal autophagy and TLR4 signaling pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2016 [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-016-0356-1"},{"key":"631_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07228.x","volume":"117","author":"AG Mustafa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mustafa AG, Wang JA, Carrico KM, Hall ED. Pharmacological inhibition of lipid peroxidation attenuates calpain-mediated cytoskeletal degradation after traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem. 2011;117:579\u201388.","journal-title":"J Neurochem."},{"issue":"16","key":"631_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5984","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-05-0577","volume":"11","author":"FJ Hernandez-Ilizaliturri","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hernandez-Ilizaliturri FJ, Reddy N, Holkova B, Ottman E, Czuczman MS. Immunomodulatory drug CC-5013 or CC-4047 and rituximab enhance antitumor activity in a severe combined immunodeficient mouse lymphoma model. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11(16):5984\u201392.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"631_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71754","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071754","volume":"8","author":"Z Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li Z, Qiu Y, Personett D, Huang P, Edenfield B, et al. Pomalidomide shows significant therapeutic activity against CNS lymphoma with a major impact on the tumor microenvironment in murine models. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e71754.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"631_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605206","volume":"101","author":"WM Liu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liu WM, Henry JY, Meyer B, Bartlett JB, Dalgleish AG, et al. Inhibition of metastatic potential in colorectal carcinoma in vivo and in vitro using immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs). Br J Cancer. 2009;101(5):803\u201312.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"631_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2014.238","volume":"29","author":"EM Ocio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ocio EM, Fern\u00e1ndez-L\u00e1zaro D, San-Segundo L, L\u00f3pez-Corral L, Corchete LA, et al. In vivo murine model of acquired resistance in myeloma reveals differential mechanisms for lenalidomide and pomalidomide in combination with dexamethasone. Leukemia. 2015;29(3):705\u201314.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"18","key":"631_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5526","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-0719","volume":"12","author":"S Shalapour","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shalapour S, Zelmer A, Pfau M, Moderegger E, Costa-Blechschmidt C, et al. The thalidomide analogue, CC-4047, induces apoptosis signaling and growth arrest in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12(18):5526\u201332.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"631_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201784","volume":"71","author":"S Weing\u00e4rtner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weing\u00e4rtner S, Zerr P, Tomcik M, Palumbo-Zerr K, Distler A, et al. Pomalidomide is effective for prevention and treatment of experimental skin fibrosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(11):1895\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"631_CR81","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for industry. Estimating the maximum safe. Starting Dose in Initial Clinical Trials for Therapeutics in Adult Healthy. Volunteers. 2005;\n                     http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/Drugs\/\u2026\/Guidances\/UCM078932.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed 21 June 2016."},{"key":"631_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1177319","volume":"327","author":"T Ito","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ito T, Ando H, Suzuki T, Ogura T, Hotta K, et al. Identification of a primary target of thalidomide teratogenicity. Science. 2010;327:1345\u201350.","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"11","key":"631_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2012.119","volume":"26","author":"A Lopez-Girona","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lopez-Girona A, Mendy D, Ito T, Miller K, Gandhi AK, Kang J, et al. Cereblon is a direct protein target for immunomodulatory and antiproliferative activities of lenalidomide and pomalidomide. Leukemia. 2012;26(11):2326\u201335.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"631_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Millrine D, Miyata H, Tei M, Dubey P, Nyati K, Nakahama T, Gemechu Y, Ripley B, Kishimoto T. Immunomodulatory drugs inhibit TLR4-induced type-1 interferon production independently of cereblon via suppression of the TRIF\/IRF3 pathway. Int Immunol. 2016 [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxw005"},{"key":"631_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2010.12.019","volume":"69","author":"M Aizawa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aizawa M, Abe Y, Ito T, Handa H, Nawa H. mRNA distribution of the thalidomide binding protein cereblon in adult mouse brain. Neurosci Res. 2011;69:343\u20137.","journal-title":"Neurosci Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"631_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03344.x","volume":"94","author":"S Jo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jo S, Lee KH, Song S, Jung YK, Park CS. Identification and functional characterization of cereblon as a binding protein for large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel in rat brain. J Neurochem. 2005;94(5):1212\u201324.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"631_CR87","first-page":"287","volume":"2","author":"XB Chang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chang XB, Stewart AK. What is the functional role of the thalidomide binding protein cereblon? Int J Biochem Mol Biol. 2011;2(3):287\u201394.","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"631_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4057","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-05-04057.1995","volume":"15","author":"RL Smith","year":"1995","unstructured":"Smith RL, Clayton GH, Wilcox CL, Escudero KW, Staley KJ. Differential expression of an inwardly rectifying chloride conductance in rat brain neurons: a potential mechanism for cell-specific modulation of postsynaptic inhibition. J Neurosci. 1995;15:4057\u201367.","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"631_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.01.054","volume":"458","author":"KM Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee KM, Yang SJ, Park S, Choi YD, Shin HK, et al. Depletion of the cereblon gene activates the unfolded protein response and protects cells from ER stress-induced cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015;458:34\u20139.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0668-6","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,12]],"date-time":"2016-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473638400000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroinflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-016-0631-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12974-016-0631-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-016-0631-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-016-0631-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T07:06:34Z","timestamp":1589526394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12974-016-0631-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["631"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-016-0631-6","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0668-6","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1742-2094"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-2094","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 April 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 June 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"168"}}