{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T23:05:08Z","timestamp":1790895908256,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Gravida"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"Health Research Council of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Hugh Green Foundation"},{"name":"Sir Thomas and Lady Duncan Trust"},{"name":"Coker Trust"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroinflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0722-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]],"date-time":"2016-09-21T13:48:48Z","timestamp":1474465728000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Interferon-\u03b3 blocks signalling through PDGFR\u03b2 in human brain pericytes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Deidre","family":"Jansson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma L.","family":"Scotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Rustenhoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natacha","family":"Coppieters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon C. D.","family":"Smyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn L.","family":"Oldfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter S.","family":"Bergin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward W.","family":"Mee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Scott","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard L. M.","family":"Faull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Dragunow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"722_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1159\/000330247","volume":"19","author":"MA Erickson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Erickson MA, Dohi K, Banks WA. Neuroinflammation: a common pathway in CNS diseases as mediated at the blood-brain barrier. Neuroimmunomodulation. 2012;19(2):121\u201330.","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"722_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.10.067","volume":"163","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Nelson AR, Betsholtz C, Zlokovic BV. Establishment and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier. Cell. 2015;163(5):1064\u201378.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"722_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3407","volume":"19","author":"B Obermeier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Obermeier B, Daneman R, Ransohoff RM. Development, maintenance and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Nat Med. 2013;19(12):1584\u201396.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"722_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-185","volume":"9","author":"B Giunta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Giunta B, Obregon D, Velisetty R, Sanberg PR, Borlongan CV, Tan J. The immunology of traumatic brain injury: a prime target for Alzheimer\u2019s disease prevention. J Neuroinflammation. 2012;9:185.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"722_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Politis M, Lahiri N, Niccolini F, Su P, Wu K, Giannetti P, Scahill RI, Turkheimer FE, Tabrizi SJ, Piccini P. Increased central microglial activation associated with peripheral cytokine levels in premanifest Huntington\u2019s disease gene carriers. Neurobiol Dis. 2015;83:115-21.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.08.011"},{"issue":"4","key":"722_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0556-6","volume":"118","author":"WJ Streit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Streit WJ, Braak H, Xue QS, Bechmann I. Dystrophic (senescent) rather than activated microglial cells are associated with tau pathology and likely precede neurodegeneration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Acta Neuropathol. 2009;118(4):475\u201385.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"722_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70062-6","volume":"8","author":"EC Hirsch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hirsch EC, Hunot S. Neuroinflammation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a target for neuroprotection? Lancet Neurol. 2009;8(4):382\u201397.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"722_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2012.08.003","volume":"89","author":"B Misiak","year":"2012","unstructured":"Misiak B, Leszek J, Kiejna A. Metabolic syndrome, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease\u2014the emerging role of systemic low-grade inflammation and adiposity. Brain Res Bull. 2012;89(3-4):144\u20139.","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"issue":"6","key":"722_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.6.788","volume":"74","author":"C Holmes","year":"2003","unstructured":"Holmes C, El-Okl M, Williams AL, Cunningham C, Wilcockson D, Perry VH. Systemic infection, interleukin 1beta, and cognitive decline in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74(6):788\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"722_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-6757(96)90080-7","volume":"14","author":"JL Wofford","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wofford JL, Loehr LR, Schwartz E. Acute cognitive impairment in elderly ED patients: etiologies and outcomes. Am J Emerg Med. 1996;14(7):649\u201353.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"722_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.06.004","volume":"273","author":"LJ Spielman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spielman LJ, Little JP, Klegeris A. Inflammation and insulin\/IGF-1 resistance as the possible link between obesity and neurodegeneration. J Neuroimmunol. 2014;273(1-2):8\u201321.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"722_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1651","volume":"13","author":"H Kebir","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kebir H, Kreymborg K, Ifergan I, Dodelet-Devillers A, Cayrol R, Bernard M, Giuliani F, Arbour N, Becher B, Prat A. Human TH17 lymphocytes promote blood-brain barrier disruption and central nervous system inflammation. Nat Med. 2007;13(10):1173\u20135.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"722_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-164","volume":"8","author":"\u00c1 D\u00e9nes","year":"2011","unstructured":"D\u00e9nes \u00c1, Ferenczi S, Kov\u00e1cs KJ. Systemic inflammatory challenges compromise survival after experimental stroke via augmenting brain inflammation, blood-brain barrier damage and brain oedema independently of infarct size. J Neuroinflammation. 2011;8(1):164.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"6","key":"722_CR14","first-page":"463","volume":"10","author":"M Ujiie","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ujiie M, Dickstein DL, Carlow DA, Jefferies WA. Blood\u2013brain barrier permeability precedes senile plaque formation in an Alzheimer disease model. Microcirculation. 2003;10(6):463\u201370.","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"issue":"5","key":"722_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22594","volume":"89","author":"K Miyazaki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miyazaki K, Ohta Y, Nagai M, Morimoto N, Kurata T, Takehisa Y, Ikeda Y, Matsuura T, Abe K. Disruption of neurovascular unit prior to motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurosci Res. 2011;89(5):718\u201328.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"722_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2073","volume":"11","author":"Z Zhong","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhong Z, Deane R, Ali Z, Parisi M, Shapovalov Y, O\u2019Banion MK, Stojanovic K, Sagare A, Boillee S, Cleveland DW. ALS-causing SOD1 mutants generate vascular changes prior to motor neuron degeneration. Nat Neurosci. 2008;11(4):420\u20132.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"722_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1035","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1401595111","volume":"111","author":"EA Winkler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Winkler EA, Sengillo JD, Sagare AP, Zhao Z, Ma Q, Zuniga E, Wang Y, Zhong Z, Sullivan JS, Griffin JH. Blood\u2013spinal cord barrier disruption contributes to early motor-neuron degeneration in ALS-model mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2014;111(11):E1035\u201342.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"722_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2010.12.014","volume":"7","author":"JC Breitner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Breitner JC, Baker LD, Montine TJ, Meinert CL, Lyketsos CG, Ashe KH, Brandt J, Craft S, Evans DE, Green RC, et al. Extended results of the Alzheimer\u2019s disease anti-inflammatory prevention trial. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(4):402\u201311.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"2","key":"722_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000054050.51530.76","volume":"34","author":"C Iadecola","year":"2003","unstructured":"Iadecola C, Gorelick PB. Converging pathogenic mechanisms in vascular and neurodegenerative dementia. Stroke. 2003;34(2):335\u20137.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"722_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2003.12.016","volume":"16","author":"P Ballabh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ballabh P, Braun A, Nedergaard M. The blood-brain barrier: an overview: structure, regulation, and clinical implications. Neurobiol Dis. 2004;16(1):1\u201313.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"722_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.03.047","volume":"1623","author":"T Dalkara","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dalkara T, Alarcon-Martinez L. Cerebral microvascular pericytes and neurogliovascular signaling in health and disease. Brain Res. 2015;1623:3\u201317.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"722_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-104","volume":"11","author":"D Jansson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jansson D, Rustenhoven J, Feng S, Hurley D, Oldfield RL, Bergin PS, Mee EW, Faull RL, Dragunow M. A role for human brain pericytes in neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation. 2014;11:104.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"722_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12132","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12132","volume":"5","author":"J Rustenhoven","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rustenhoven J, Scotter EL, Jansson D, Kho DT, Oldfield RL, Bergin PS, Mee EW, Faull RL, Curtis MA, Graham SE, et al. An anti-inflammatory role for C\/EBPdelta in human brain pericytes. Sci Rep. 2015;5:12132.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"722_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-95","volume":"9","author":"DJ Alcendor","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alcendor DJ, Charest AM, Zhu WQ, Vigil HE, Knobel SM. Infection and upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines in human brain vascular pericytes by human cytomegalovirus. J Neuroinflammation. 2012;9:95.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"722_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-139","volume":"8","author":"A Kovac","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kovac A, Erickson MA, Banks WA. Brain microvascular pericytes are immunoactive in culture: cytokine, chemokine, nitric oxide, and LRP-1 expression in response to lipopolysaccharide. J Neuroinflammation. 2011;8:139.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"722_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.06.052","volume":"578","author":"J Matsumoto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matsumoto J, Takata F, Machida T, Takahashi H, Soejima Y, Funakoshi M, Futagami K, Yamauchi A, Dohgu S, Kataoka Y. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated brain pericytes possess a unique cytokine and chemokine release profile and enhance microglial activation. Neurosci Lett. 2014;578:133\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"722_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-5-32","volume":"5","author":"EA Winkler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Winkler EA, Bell RD, Zlokovic BV. Pericyte-specific expression of PDGF beta receptor in mouse models with normal and deficient PDGF beta receptor signaling. Mol Neurodegener. 2010;5:32.","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"issue":"1","key":"722_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-1039-8","volume":"125","author":"EA Winkler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Winkler EA, Sengillo JD, Sullivan JS, Henkel JS, Appel SH, Zlokovic BV. Blood-spinal cord barrier breakdown and pericyte reductions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol. 2013;125(1):111\u201320.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"722_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.5.668","volume":"61","author":"MJ Engelhart","year":"2004","unstructured":"Engelhart MJ, Geerlings MI, Meijer J, Kiliaan A, Ruitenberg A, van Swieten JC, Stijnen T, Hofman A, Witteman JC, Breteler MM. Inflammatory proteins in plasma and the risk of dementia: the rotterdam study. Arch Neurol. 2004;61(5):668\u201372.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"722_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.12.032","volume":"85","author":"A Montagne","year":"2015","unstructured":"Montagne A, Barnes SR, Sweeney MD, Halliday MR, Sagare AP, Zhao Z, Toga AW, Jacobs RE, Liu CY, Amezcua L, et al. Blood-brain barrier breakdown in the aging human hippocampus. Neuron. 2015;85(2):296\u2013302.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"16","key":"722_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4307","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdf418","volume":"21","author":"M Enge","year":"2002","unstructured":"Enge M, Bjarnegard M, Gerhardt H, Gustafsson E, Kalen M, Asker N, Hammes HP, Shani M, Fassler R, Betsholtz C. Endothelium-specific platelet-derived growth factor-B ablation mimics diabetic retinopathy. EMBO J. 2002;21(16):4307\u201316.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"14","key":"722_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.14.3047","volume":"126","author":"M Hellstrom","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hellstrom M, Lindahl P, Abramsson A, Betsholtz C. Role of PDGF-B and PDGFR-beta in recruitment of vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes during embryonic blood vessel formation in the mouse. Development. 1999;126(14):3047\u201355.","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"5323","key":"722_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5323.242","volume":"277","author":"P Lindahl","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lindahl P, Johansson BR, Leveen P, Betsholtz C. Pericyte loss and microaneurysm formation in PDGF-B-deficient mice. Science. 1997;277(5323):242\u20135.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"722_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.4.1283","volume":"79","author":"CH Heldin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Heldin CH, Westermark B. Mechanism of action and in vivo role of platelet-derived growth factor. Physiol Rev. 1999;79(4):1283\u2013316.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"722_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.09.043","volume":"68","author":"RD Bell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bell RD, Winkler EA, Sagare AP, Singh I, LaRue B, Deane R, Zlokovic BV. Pericytes control key neurovascular functions and neuronal phenotype in the adult brain and during brain aging. Neuron. 2010;68(3):409\u201327.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"5","key":"722_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2008.04.005","volume":"7","author":"KL Hoehn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hoehn KL, Hohnen-Behrens C, Cederberg A, Wu LE, Turner N, Yuasa T, Ebina Y, James DE. IRS1-independent defects define major nodes of insulin resistance. Cell Metab. 2008;7(5):421\u201333.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"722_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.2.546","volume":"148","author":"A Tingstrom","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tingstrom A, Reuterdahl C, Lindahl P, Heldin CH, Rubin K. Expression of platelet-derived growth factor-beta receptors on human fibroblasts. Regulation by recombinant platelet-derived growth factor-BB, IL-1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J Immunol. 1992;148(2):546\u201354.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"722_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(01)00264-8","volume":"116","author":"H-L Li","year":"2001","unstructured":"Li H-L, Kostulas N, Huang Y-M, Xiao B-G, van der Meide P, Kostulas V, Giedraitas V, Link H. IL-17 and IFN-\u03b3 mRNA expression is increased in the brain and systemically after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. J Neuroimmunol. 2001;116(1):5\u201314.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"722_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1089\/107999000312342","volume":"20","author":"Y-P Wei","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wei Y-P, Kita M, Shinmura K, Yan X-Q, Fukuyama R, Fushiki S, Imanishi J. Expression of IFN-gamma in cerebrovascular endothelial cells from aged mice. J Interf Cytokine Res. 2000;20(4):403\u20139.","journal-title":"J Interf Cytokine Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"722_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199805110-00044","volume":"9","author":"B-G Xiao","year":"1998","unstructured":"Xiao B-G, Link H. IFN-\u03b3 production of adult rat astrocytes triggered by TNF-\u03b1. Neuroreport. 1998;9(7):1487\u201390.","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"10","key":"722_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20122143","volume":"210","author":"M Kreutzfeldt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kreutzfeldt M, Bergthaler A, Fernandez M, Br\u00fcck W, Steinbach K, Vorm M, Coras R, Bl\u00fcmcke I, Bonilla WV, Fleige A. Neuroprotective intervention by interferon-\u03b3 blockade prevents CD8+ T cell-mediated dendrite and synapse loss. J Exp Med. 2013;210(10):2087\u2013103.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"722_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1089\/08977150151071035","volume":"18","author":"LT Lau","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lau LT, Yu AC-H. Astrocytes produce and release interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon-gamma following traumatic and metabolic injury. J Neurotrauma. 2001;18(3):351\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"12","key":"722_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5321-06.2007","volume":"27","author":"MP Mount","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mount MP, Lira A, Grimes D, Smith PD, Faucher S, Slack R, Anisman H, Hayley S, Park DS. Involvement of interferon-\u03b3 in microglial-mediated loss of dopaminergic neurons. J Neurosci. 2007;27(12):3328\u201337.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"722_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.12.026","volume":"35","author":"AM Minogue","year":"2014","unstructured":"Minogue AM, Jones RS, Kelly RJ, McDonald CL, Connor TJ, Lynch MA. Age-associated dysregulation of microglial activation is coupled with enhanced blood-brain barrier permeability and pathology in APP\/PS1 mice. Neurobiol Aging. 2014;35(6):1442\u201352.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"722_CR45","unstructured":"Biomedical Imaging Research Unit: University of Auckland [ https:\/\/www.fmhs.auckland.ac.nz\/en\/sms\/about\/our-departments\/biomedical-imaging-researchunit.html ]. Accessed 19 Sept 2016."},{"issue":"11","key":"722_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2008.04991.x","volume":"35","author":"NL Grimsey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grimsey NL, Narayan PJ, Dragunow M, Glass M. A novel high-throughput assay for the quantitative assessment of receptor trafficking. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2008;35(11):1377\u201382.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"722_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37742","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037742","volume":"7","author":"TI Park","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park TI, Monzo H, Mee EW, Bergin PS, Teoh HH, Montgomery JM, Faull RL, Curtis MA, Dragunow M. Adult human brain neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and fibroblast-like cells have similar properties in vitro but only NPCs differentiate into neurons. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e37742.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"722_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-delta delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 2001;25(4):402\u20138.","journal-title":"Methods"},{"issue":"7","key":"722_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2010.06.007","volume":"80","author":"NL Grimsey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grimsey NL, Graham ES, Dragunow M, Glass M. Cannabinoid receptor 1 trafficking and the role of the intracellular pool: implications for therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol. 2010;80(7):1050\u201362.","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"722_CR50","first-page":"36","volume":"11","author":"MD Abr\u00e0moff","year":"2004","unstructured":"Abr\u00e0moff MD, Magalh\u00e3es PJ, Ram SJ. Image processing with ImageJ. Biophoton Int. 2004;11(7):36\u201342.","journal-title":"Biophoton Int"},{"key":"722_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Persidsky Y, Hill J, Zhang M, Dykstra H, Winfield M, Reichenbach NL, Potula R, Mukherjee A, Ramirez SH, Rom S. Dysfunction of brain pericytes in chronic neuroinflammation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2015;4:794-807.","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X15606149"},{"issue":"6","key":"722_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90510-2","volume":"58","author":"A Kazlauskas","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kazlauskas A, Cooper JA. Autophosphorylation of the PDGF receptor in the kinase insert region regulates interactions with cell proteins. Cell. 1989;58(6):1121\u201333.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"722_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2174\/156720212799297100","volume":"9","author":"K Arimura","year":"2012","unstructured":"Arimura K, Ago T, Kamouchi M, Nakamura K, Ishitsuka K, Kuroda J, Sugimori H, Ooboshi H, Sasaki T, Kitazono T. PDGF receptor beta signaling in pericytes following ischemic brain injury. Curr Neurovasc Res. 2012;9(1):1\u20139.","journal-title":"Curr Neurovasc Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"722_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.154211","volume":"27","author":"M Huang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Huang M, Duhadaway JB, Prendergast GC, Laury-Kleintop LD. RhoB regulates PDGFR-beta trafficking and signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27(12):2597\u2013605.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"722_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56819","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056819","volume":"8","author":"CM Chan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chan CM, Chang HH, Wang VC, Huang CL, Hung CF. Inhibitory effects of resveratrol on PDGF-BB-induced retinal pigment epithelial cell migration via PDGFRbeta, PI3K\/Akt and MAPK pathways. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56819.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"722_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1995.tb26691.x","volume":"766","author":"KE Bornfeldt","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bornfeldt KE, Raines EW, Graves LM, Skinner MP, Krebs EG, Ross R. Platelet-derived growth factor. Distinct signal transduction pathways associated with migration versus proliferation. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1995;766:416\u201330.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"722_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6052","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.13.10.6052","volume":"13","author":"R Kapeller","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kapeller R, Chakrabarti R, Cantley L, Fay F, Corvera S. Internalization of activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor-phosphatidylinositol-3\u2019 kinase complexes: potential interactions with the microtubule cytoskeleton. Mol Cell Biol. 1993;13(10):6052\u201363.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"14","key":"722_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2010.05.012","volume":"316","author":"J Pahara","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pahara J, Shi H, Chen X, Wang Z. Dimerization drives PDGF receptor endocytosis through a C-terminal hydrophobic motif shared by EGF receptor. Exp Cell Res. 2010;316(14):2237\u201350.","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"722_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.112.3.469","volume":"112","author":"A Sorkin","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sorkin A, Westermark B, Heldin CH, Claesson-Welsh L. Effect of receptor kinase inactivation on the rate of internalization and degradation of PDGF and the PDGF beta-receptor. J Cell Biol. 1991;112(3):469\u201378.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"722_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)54190-9","volume":"268","author":"S Mori","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mori S, Heldin CH, Claesson-Welsh L. Ligand-induced ubiquitination of the platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor plays a negative regulatory role in its mitogenic signaling. J Biol Chem. 1993;268(1):577\u201383.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"7323","key":"722_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09522","volume":"468","author":"A Armulik","year":"2010","unstructured":"Armulik A, Genove G, Mae M, Nisancioglu MH, Wallgard E, Niaudet C, He L, Norlin J, Lindblom P, Strittmatter K, et al. Pericytes regulate the blood-brain barrier. Nature. 2010;468(7323):557\u201361.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"722_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06319.x","volume":"111","author":"PM Carvey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carvey PM, Hendey B, Monahan AJ. The blood-brain barrier in neurodegenerative disease: a rhetorical perspective. J Neurochem. 2009;111(2):291\u2013314.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"722_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.01.003","volume":"57","author":"BV Zlokovic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zlokovic BV. The blood-brain barrier in health and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Neuron. 2008;57(2):178\u2013201.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"722_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.05.056","volume":"1469","author":"S Garbuzova-Davis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garbuzova-Davis S, Hernandez-Ontiveros DG, Rodrigues MCO, Haller E, Frisina-Deyo A, Mirtyl S, Sallot S, Saporta S, Borlongan CV, Sanberg PR. Impaired blood\u2013brain\/spinal cord barrier in ALS patients. Brain Res. 2012;1469:114\u201328.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"722_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080769","volume":"175","author":"C Sundberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sundberg C, Friman T, Hecht LE, Kuhl C, Solomon KR. Two different PDGF beta-receptor cohorts in human pericytes mediate distinct biological endpoints. Am J Pathol. 2009;175(1):171\u201389.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"722_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.136","volume":"32","author":"J Shen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shen J, Ishii Y, Xu G, Dang TC, Hamashima T, Matsushima T, Yamamoto S, Hattori Y, Takatsuru Y, Nabekura J. PDGFR-\u03b2 as a positive regulator of tissue repair in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2012;32(2):353\u201367.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"722_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0603252","volume":"75","author":"K Schroder","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schroder K, Hertzog PJ, Ravasi T, Hume DA. Interferon-gamma: an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions. J Leukoc Biol. 2004;75(2):163\u201389.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"722_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9375","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M413081200","volume":"280","author":"Z Gao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gao Z, Sasaoka T, Fujimori T, Oya T, Ishii Y, Sabit H, Kawaguchi M, Kurotaki Y, Naito M, Wada T, et al. Deletion of the PDGFR-beta gene affects key fibroblast functions important for wound healing. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(10):9375\u201389.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"722_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4030","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.6.4030","volume":"175","author":"Q Tong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tong Q, Vassilieva EV, Ivanov AI, Wang Z, Brown GT, Parkos CA, Nusrat A. Interferon-\u03b3 inhibits T84 epithelial cell migration by redirecting transcytosis of \u03b21 integrin from the migrating leading edge. J Immunol. 2005;175(6):4030\u20138.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"722_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3205","volume":"16","author":"X Su","year":"2015","unstructured":"Su X, Yu Y, Zhong Y, Giannopoulou EG, Hu X, Liu H, Cross JR, R\u00e4tsch G, Rice CM, Ivashkiv LB. Interferon-[gamma] regulates cellular metabolism and mRNA translation to potentiate macrophage activation. Nat Immunol. 2015;16(8):838\u201349.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"722_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.15.3.1244","volume":"15","author":"C Vaziri","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vaziri C, Faller DV. Repression of platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor expression by mitogenic growth factors and transforming oncogenes in murine 3T3 fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol. 1995;15(3):1244\u201353.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"42","key":"722_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32415","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.164863","volume":"285","author":"Z Shi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shi Z, Rockey DC. Interferon-gamma-mediated inhibition of serum response factor-dependent smooth muscle-specific gene expression. J Biol Chem. 2010;285(42):32415\u201324.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"722_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-10-33","volume":"10","author":"U Tigges","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tigges U, Boroujerdi A, Welser-Alves JV, Milner R. TNF-alpha promotes cerebral pericyte remodeling in vitro, via a switch from alpha1 to alpha2 integrins. J Neuroinflammation. 2013;10:33.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"10","key":"722_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.113","volume":"32","author":"EA Winkler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Winkler EA, Sengillo JD, Bell RD, Wang J, Zlokovic BV. Blood-spinal cord barrier pericyte reductions contribute to increased capillary permeability. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2012;32(10):1841\u201352.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"722_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zehendner CM et al. Traumatic brain injury results in rapid pericyte loss followed by reactive pericytosis in the cerebral cortex. Sci Rep. 2015;5:13497. doi: 10.1038\/srep13497 .","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13497"},{"issue":"6116","key":"722_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1230721","volume":"339","author":"JI Odegaard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Odegaard JI, Chawla A. Pleiotropic actions of insulin resistance and inflammation in metabolic homeostasis. Science. 2013;339(6116):172\u20137.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6602","key":"722_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1038\/383707a0","volume":"383","author":"A Joutel","year":"1996","unstructured":"Joutel A, Corpechot C, Ducros A, Vahedi K, Chabriat H, Mouton P, Alamowitch S, Domenga V, C\u00e9cillion M, Mar\u00e9chal E. Notch3 mutations in CADASIL, a hereditary adult-onset condition causing stroke and dementia. Nature. 1996;383(6602):707\u201310.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"722_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2723","volume":"45","author":"A Keller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Keller A, Westenberger A, Sobrido MJ, Garc\u00eda-Murias M, Domingo A, Sears RL, Lemos RR, Ordo\u00f1ez-Ugalde A, Nicolas G, da Cunha JEG. Mutations in the gene encoding PDGF-B cause brain calcifications in humans and mice. Nat Genet. 2013;45(9):1077\u201382.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroinflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-016-0722-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T06:07:59Z","timestamp":1692511679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12974-016-0722-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["722"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-016-0722-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-2094"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-2094","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]]},"article-number":"249"}}