{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T02:00:38Z","timestamp":1780106438647,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523923200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008361","name":"Scleroseforeningen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A33570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A33570"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008361","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeckfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R198-2015-171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R198-2015-171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008392","name":"Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4183-00198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4183-00198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Bjarne Jensens Fond"},{"name":"Fonden for l\u00e6gevidenskabelige fremme"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007403","name":"Dagmar Marshalls Fond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007403","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007438","name":"Familien Hede Nielsens Fond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007438","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroinflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1159-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T09:35:52Z","timestamp":1523957752000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Selective localization of IgG from cerebrospinal fluid to brain parenchyma"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Marlene Thorsen","family":"M\u00f8rch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofie Forsberg","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Khorooshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasrin","family":"Asgari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9315-6036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trevor","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1159_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-1015-3","volume":"124","author":"H Lassmann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lassmann H. Targeting intracerebral inflammation in multiple sclerosis: is it feasible? Acta Neuropathol. 2012;124:395\u20136.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"1159_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63432-0.00021-9","volume":"133","author":"SR Hinson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hinson SR, Lennon VA, Pittock SJ. Autoimmune AQP4 channelopathies and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Handb Clin Neurol. 2016;133:377\u2013403.","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"1159_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e110","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000110","volume":"2","author":"A Zekeridou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zekeridou A, Lennon VA. Aquaporin-4 autoimmunity. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2015;2:e110.","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"1159_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4226","volume":"13","author":"AS Verkman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Verkman AS, Anderson MO, Papadopoulos MC. Aquaporins: important but elusive drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2014;13:259\u201377.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"1159_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-3515com","volume":"19","author":"M Amiry-Moghaddam","year":"2005","unstructured":"Amiry-Moghaddam M, Lindland H, Zelenin S, Roberg BA, Gundersen BB, Petersen P, Rinvik E, Torgner IA, Ottersen OP. Brain mitochondria contain aquaporin water channels: evidence for the expression of a short AQP9 isoform in the inner mitochondrial membrane. FASEB J. 2005;19:1459\u201367.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"1159_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513507822","volume":"20","author":"L Kremer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kremer L, Mealy M, Jacob A, Nakashima I, Cabre P, Bigi S, Paul F, Jarius S, Aktas O, Elsone L, et al. Brainstem manifestations in neuromyelitis optica: a multicenter study of 258 patients. Mult Scler. 2014;20:843\u20137.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"1159_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001367","volume":"84","author":"HJ Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim HJ, Paul F, Lana-Peixoto MA, Tenembaum S, Asgari N, Palace J, Klawiter EC, Sato DK, de Seze J, Wuerfel J, et al. MRI characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: an international update. Neurology. 2015;84:1165\u201373.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1159_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61620-7","volume":"372","author":"A Compston","year":"2008","unstructured":"Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 2008;372:1502\u201317.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1159_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-7-52","volume":"7","author":"S Jarius","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jarius S, Franciotta D, Paul F, Ruprecht K, Bergamaschi R, Rommer PS, Reuss R, Probst C, Kristoferitsch W, Wandinger KP, Wildemann B. Cerebrospinal fluid antibodies to aquaporin-4 in neuromyelitis optica and related disorders: frequency, origin, and diagnostic relevance. J Neuroinflammation. 2010;7:52.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"1159_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24208","volume":"76","author":"DK Sato","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sato DK, Callegaro D, de Haidar Jorge FM, Nakashima I, Nishiyama S, Takahashi T, Simm RF, Apostolos-Pereira SL, Misu T, Steinman L, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid aquaporin-4 antibody levels in neuromyelitis optica attacks. Ann Neurol. 2014;76:305\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"1159_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf151","volume":"125","author":"CF Lucchinetti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lucchinetti CF, Mandler RN, McGavern D, Bruck W, Gleich G, Ransohoff RM, Trebst C, Weinshenker B, Wingerchuk D, Parisi JE, Lassmann H. A role for humoral mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Devic\u2019s neuromyelitis optica. Brain. 2002;125:1450\u201361.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1159_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0929-z","volume":"14","author":"S Jarius","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jarius S, Konig FB, Metz I, Ruprecht K, Paul F, Bruck W, Wildemann B. Pattern II and pattern III MS are entities distinct from pattern I MS: evidence from cerebrospinal fluid analysis. J Neuroinflammation. 2017;14:171.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"1159_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12098","volume":"24","author":"M Bradl","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bradl M, Lassmann H. Experimental models of neuromyelitis optica. Brain Pathol. 2014;24:74\u201382.","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"1159_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.221","volume":"2","author":"N Asgari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Asgari N, Berg CT, Morch MT, Khorooshi R, Owens T. Cerebrospinal fluid aquaporin-4-immunoglobulin G disrupts blood brain barrier. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2015;2:857\u201363.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"1159_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.09.010","volume":"254","author":"N Asgari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Asgari N, Khorooshi R, Lillevang ST, Owens T. Complement-dependent pathogenicity of brain-specific antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid. J Neuroimmunol. 2013;254:76\u201382.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"1159_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp309","volume":"133","author":"S Saadoun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Saadoun S, Waters P, Bell BA, Vincent A, Verkman AS, Papadopoulos MC. Intra-cerebral injection of neuromyelitis optica immunoglobulin G and human complement produces neuromyelitis optica lesions in mice. Brain. 2010;133:349\u201361.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1159_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318297ef07","volume":"81","author":"N Asgari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Asgari N, Skejoe HP, Lennon VA. Evolution of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis in an aquaporin-4 IgG-positive patient. Neurology. 2013;81:95\u20136.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1159_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18190","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1592-13.2013","volume":"33","author":"JJ Iliff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iliff JJ, Wang M, Zeppenfeld DM, Venkataraman A, Plog BA, Liao Y, Deane R, Nedergaard M. Cerebral arterial pulsation drives paravascular CSF-interstitial fluid exchange in the murine brain. J Neurosci. 2013;33:18190\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1159_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2010.08.002","volume":"65","author":"M Bulat","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bulat M, Klarica M. Recent insights into a new hydrodynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid. Brain Res Rev. 2011;65:99\u2013112.","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"1159_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1812-4","volume":"135","author":"NJ Abbott","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abbott NJ, Pizzo ME, Preston JE, Janigro D, Thorne RG. The role of brain barriers in fluid movement in the CNS: is there a \u2018glymphatic\u2019 system? Acta Neuropathol. 2018;135:387\u2013407.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"1159_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-242-1_13","volume":"967","author":"R Khorooshi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khorooshi R, Owens T. Detection and cellular localization of phospho-STAT2 in the central nervous system by immunohistochemical staining. Methods Mol Biol. 2013;967:179\u201388.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"1159_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3664","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-10-03664.1997","volume":"17","author":"M Rostworowski","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rostworowski M, Balasingam V, Chabot S, Owens T, Yong VW. Astrogliosis in the neonatal and adult murine brain post-trauma: elevation of inflammatory cytokines and the lack of requirement for endogenous interferon-gamma. J Neurosci. 1997;17:3664\u201374.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1159_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm062","volume":"130","author":"T Takahashi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Takahashi T, Fujihara K, Nakashima I, Misu T, Miyazawa I, Nakamura M, Watanabe S, Shiga Y, Kanaoka C, Fujimori J, et al. Anti-aquaporin-4 antibody is involved in the pathogenesis of NMO: a study on antibody titre. Brain. 2007;130:1235\u201343.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1159_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e2414b","volume":"75","author":"R Takano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Takano R, Misu T, Takahashi T, Sato S, Fujihara K, Itoyama Y. Astrocytic damage is far more severe than demyelination in NMO: a clinical CSF biomarker study. Neurology. 2010;75:208\u201316.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1159_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e343","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000343","volume":"4","author":"N Asgari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Asgari N, Flanagan EP, Fujihara K, Kim HJ, Skejoe HP, Wuerfel J, Kuroda H, Kim SH, Maillart E, Marignier R, et al. Disruption of the leptomeningeal blood barrier in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2017;4:e343.","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"1159_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2010.04.006","volume":"64","author":"D Oreskovic","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oreskovic D, Klarica M. The formation of cerebrospinal fluid: nearly a hundred years of interpretations and misinterpretations. Brain Res Rev. 2010;64:241\u201362.","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1159_CR27","first-page":"43","volume":"32","author":"M Bulat","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bulat M, Lupret V, Orehkovic D, Klarica M. Transventricular and transpial absorption of cerebrospinal fluid into cerebral microvessels. Coll Antropol. 2008;32(Suppl 1):43\u201350.","journal-title":"Coll Antropol"},{"key":"1159_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7215","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903833","volume":"186","author":"K Lunnon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lunnon K, Teeling JL, Tutt AL, Cragg MS, Glennie MJ, Perry VH. Systemic inflammation modulates Fc receptor expression on microglia during chronic neurodegeneration. J Immunol. 2011;186:7215\u201324.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"1159_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-0995-3","volume":"124","author":"JL Teeling","year":"2012","unstructured":"Teeling JL, Carare RO, Glennie MJ, Perry VH. Intracerebral immune complex formation induces inflammation in the brain that depends on Fc receptor interaction. Acta Neuropathol. 2012;124:479\u201390.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"1159_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0577-8","volume":"13","author":"R Marignier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marignier R, Ruiz A, Cavagna S, Nicole A, Watrin C, Touret M, Parrot S, Malleret G, Peyron C, Benetollo C, et al. Neuromyelitis optica study model based on chronic infusion of autoantibodies in rat cerebrospinal fluid. J Neuroinflammation. 2016;13:111.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"1159_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.12.015","volume":"265","author":"C Geis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Geis C, Ritter C, Ruschil C, Weishaupt A, Grunewald B, Stoll G, Holmoy T, Misu T, Fujihara K, Hemmer B, et al. The intrinsic pathogenic role of autoantibodies to aquaporin 4 mediating spinal cord disease in a rat passive-transfer model. Exp Neurol. 2015;265:8\u201321.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"1159_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2014.02.011","volume":"53","author":"H Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang H, Verkman AS. Longitudinally extensive NMO spinal cord pathology produced by passive transfer of NMO-IgG in mice lacking complement inhibitor CD59. J Autoimmun. 2014;53:67\u201377.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroinflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-018-1159-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12974-018-1159-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-018-1159-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]],"date-time":"2019-04-16T19:23:45Z","timestamp":1555442625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12974-018-1159-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-018-1159-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-2094"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-2094","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 February 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 April 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 April 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Experiments were conducted in accordance with the National Ethical Committee, Animal Experiments Inspectorate under the Danish Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, and The Danish Veterinary and Food Administration (approval number 2014-15-0201-00369). The use of human material was approved by the Committee on Biomedical Research Ethics for the Region of Southern Denmark (ref. no. S20080142).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"110"}}