{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:03:22Z","timestamp":1790363002152,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]],"date-time":"2018-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529539200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Jiangsu province","award":["KY1010831161312010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KY1010831161312010"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Nos. 81471142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nos. 81471142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Key project of science and technology development foundation of Nanjing Medical University","award":["2015NJMUZD054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015NJMUZD054"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroinflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1182-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]],"date-time":"2018-06-21T09:33:28Z","timestamp":1529573608000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Procyanidins attenuate neuropathic pain by suppressing matrix metalloproteinase-9\/2"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Cailong","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingqian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinbing","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1182_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.02999.x","volume":"17","author":"N Attal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Attal N, Cruccu G, Baron R, Haanpaa M, Hansson P, Jensen TS, Nurmikko T. European Federation of Neurological S: EFNS guidelines on the pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain: 2010 revision. Eur J Neurol. 2010;17:1113\u2013e1188.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"1182_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.051508.135531","volume":"32","author":"M Costigan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Costigan M, Scholz J, Woolf CJ. Neuropathic pain: a maladaptive response of the nervous system to damage. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2009;32:1\u201332.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1182_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2010.01.002","volume":"126","author":"YJ Gao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gao YJ, Ji RR. Chemokines, neuronal-glial interactions, and central processing of neuropathic pain. Pharmacol Ther. 2010;126:56\u201368.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1182_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.09.028","volume":"139","author":"AI Basbaum","year":"2009","unstructured":"Basbaum AI, Bautista DM, Scherrer G, Julius D. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of pain. Cell. 2009;139:267\u201384.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1182_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4334","volume":"13","author":"RR Ji","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ji RR, Xu ZZ, Gao YJ. Emerging targets in neuroinflammation-driven chronic pain. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2014;13:533\u201348.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"1182_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2009.04.002","volume":"30","author":"RR Ji","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ji RR, Xu ZZ, Wang X, Lo EH. Matrix metalloprotease regulation of neuropathic pain. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2009;30:336\u201340.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"1182_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1723","volume":"14","author":"Y Kawasaki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kawasaki Y, Xu ZZ, Wang X, Park JY, Zhuang ZY, Tan PH, Gao YJ, Roy K, Corfas G, Lo EH, Ji RR. Distinct roles of matrix metalloproteases in the early- and late-phase development of neuropathic pain. Nat Med. 2008;14:331\u20136.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"1182_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7613","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1358-10.2010","volume":"30","author":"WT Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu WT, Han Y, Liu YP, Song AA, Barnes B, Song XJ. Spinal matrix metalloproteinase-9 contributes to physical dependence on morphine in mice. J Neurosci. 2010;30:7613\u201323.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1182_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2572","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119076","volume":"98","author":"S Rajagopalan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rajagopalan S, Meng XP, Ramasamy S, Harrison DG, Galis ZS. Reactive oxygen species produced by macrophage-derived foam cells regulate the activity of vascular matrix metalloproteinases in vitro. Implications for atherosclerotic plaque stability. J Clin Invest. 1996;98:2572\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1182_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.01.001","volume":"36","author":"RJ Williams","year":"2004","unstructured":"Williams RJ, Spencer JP, Rice-Evans C. Flavonoids: antioxidants or signalling molecules? Free Radic Biol Med. 2004;36:838\u201349.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"1182_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.315","volume":"16","author":"L Rivera","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rivera L, Moron R, Sanchez M, Zarzuelo A, Galisteo M. Quercetin ameliorates metabolic syndrome and improves the inflammatory status in obese Zucker rats. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16:2081\u20137.","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"1182_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-001-1151-3","volume":"31","author":"HP Kim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim HP, Park H, Son KH, Chang HW, Kang SS. Biochemical pharmacology of biflavonoids: implications for anti-inflammatory action. Arch Pharm Res. 2008;31:265\u201373.","journal-title":"Arch Pharm Res"},{"key":"1182_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2003.11.008","volume":"37","author":"C Auger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Auger C, Al-Awwadi N, Bornet A, Rouanet JM, Gasc F, Cros G, Teissedre PL. Catechins and procyanidins in Mediterranean diets. Food Res Int. 2004;37:233\u201345.","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"1182_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2004.04.006","volume":"15","author":"Y Yilmaz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yilmaz Y, Toledo RT. Health aspects of functional grape seed constituents. Trends Food Sci Tech. 2004;15:422\u201333.","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Tech"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1182_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1010","volume":"16","author":"R Koch","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koch R. Comparative study of Venostasin and Pycnogenol in chronic venous insufficiency. Phytother Res. 2002;16(Suppl 1):S1\u20135.","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"1182_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2003.10.043","volume":"75","author":"X Liu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Liu X, Wei J, Tan F, Zhou S, Wurthwein G, Rohdewald P. Antidiabetic effect of Pycnogenol French maritime pine bark extract in patients with diabetes type II. Life Sci. 2004;75:2505\u201313.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"1182_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00194.x","volume":"64","author":"MB Engler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Engler MB, Engler MM. The emerging role of flavonoid-rich cocoa and chocolate in cardiovascular health and disease. Nutr Rev. 2006;64:109\u201318.","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"1182_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27716","volume":"90","author":"M Monagas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Monagas M, Khan N, Andres-Lacueva C, Casas R, Urp\u00ed-Sard\u00e0 M, Llorach R, Lamuela-Ravent\u00f3s RM, Estruch R. Effect of cocoa powder on the modulation of inflammatory biomarkers in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Am J Cli Nutr. 2009;90:1144\u201350.","journal-title":"Am J Cli Nutr"},{"key":"1182_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.06.002","volume":"51","author":"CG Fraga","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fraga CG, Oteiza PI. Dietary flavonoids: role of (\u2212)-epicatechin and related procyanidins in cell signaling. Free Radic Biol Med. 2011;51:813\u201323.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"1182_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4392","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-3870","volume":"71","author":"S Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu S, Liu WT, Liu YP, Dong HL, Henkemeyer M, Xiong LZ, Song XJ. Blocking EphB1 receptor forward signaling in spinal cord relieves bone cancer pain and rescues analgesic effect of morphine treatment in rodents. Cancer Res. 2011;71:4392\u2013402.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"1182_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3661","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13150","volume":"172","author":"A Rizzi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rizzi A, Sukhtankar DD, Ding H, Hayashida K, Ruzza C, Guerrini R, Calo G, Ko MC. Spinal antinociceptive effects of the novel NOP receptor agonist PWT2-nociceptin\/orphanin FQ in mice and monkeys. Br J Pharmacol. 2015;172:3661\u201370.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"1182_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000575","volume":"157","author":"J Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li J, Xu L, Deng X, Jiang C, Pan C, Chen L, Han Y, Dai W, Hu L, Zhang G, et al. N-acetyl-cysteine attenuates neuropathic pain by suppressing matrix metalloproteinases. Pain. 2016;157:1711\u201323.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1182_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.06.022","volume":"154","author":"RR Ji","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ji RR, Berta T, Nedergaard M. Glia and pain: is chronic pain a gliopathy? Pain. 2013;154(Suppl 1):S10\u201328.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1182_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2533","volume":"10","author":"ED Milligan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Milligan ED, Watkins LR. Pathological and protective roles of glia in chronic pain. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009;10:23\u201336.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1182_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3621","volume":"14","author":"PM Grace","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grace PM, Hutchinson MR, Maier SF, Watkins LR. Pathological pain and the neuroimmune interface. Nat Rev Immunol. 2014;14:217\u201331.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"1182_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5578","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.14.5578","volume":"87","author":"HE Van Wart","year":"1990","unstructured":"Van Wart HE, Birkedal-Hansen H. The cysteine switch: a principle of regulation of metalloproteinase activity with potential applicability to the entire matrix metalloproteinase gene family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990;87:5578\u201382.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1182_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.1.364","volume":"87","author":"EB Springman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Springman EB, Angleton EL, Birkedal-Hansen H, Van Wart HE. Multiple modes of activation of latent human fibroblast collagenase: evidence for the role of a Cys73 active-site zinc complex in latency and a \u201ccysteine switch\u201d mechanism for activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990;87:364\u20138.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1182_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1073634","volume":"297","author":"Z Gu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gu Z, Kaul M, Yan B, Kridel SJ, Cui J, Strongin A, Smith JW, Liddington RC, Lipton SA. S-nitrosylation of matrix metalloproteinases: signaling pathway to neuronal cell death. Science. 2002;297:1186\u201390.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1182_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-009-9409-z","volume":"29","author":"G Cheng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cheng G, Wei L, Xiurong W, Xiangzhen L, Shiguang Z, Songbin F. IL-17 stimulates migration of carotid artery vascular smooth muscle cells in an MMP-9 dependent manner via p38 MAPK and ERK1\/2-dependent NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2009;29:1161\u20138.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"1182_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21816","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021816","volume":"6","author":"J Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li J, Lau GK, Chen L, Dong SS, Lan HY, Huang XR, Li Y, Luk JM, Yuan YF, Guan XY. Interleukin 17A promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via NF-kB induced matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 expression. PLoS One. 2011;6:e21816.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1182_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.2001.5374","volume":"271","author":"C Simon","year":"2001","unstructured":"Simon C, Simon M, Vucelic G, Hicks MJ, Plinkert PK, Koitschev A, Zenner HP. The p38 SAPK pathway regulates the expression of the MMP-9 collagenase via AP-1-dependent promoter activation. Exp Cell Res. 2001;271:344\u201355.","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"1182_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e57955","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057955","volume":"8","author":"H-C Tseng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tseng H-C, Lee I-T, Lin C-C, Chi P-L, Cheng S-E, Shih R-H, Hsiao L-D, Yang C-M. IL-1\u03b2 promotes corneal epithelial cell migration by increasing MMP-9 expression through NF-\u03baB-and AP-1-dependent pathways. PLoS One. 2013;8:e57955.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1182_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.033","volume":"76","author":"EA Bordt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bordt EA, Polster BM. NADPH oxidase- and mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species in proinflammatory microglial activation: a bipartisan affair? Free Radic Biol Med. 2014;76:34\u201346.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"1182_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015948505117","volume":"234","author":"A Dhar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dhar A, Young MR, Colburn NH. The role of AP-1, NF-\u03baB and ROS\/NOS in skin carcinogenesis: the JB6 model is predictive. Mol Cell Biochem. 2002;234:185\u201393.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"1182_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6973","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.11.6973","volume":"173","author":"CH Woo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Woo CH, Lim JH, Kim JH. Lipopolysaccharide induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression via a mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-p38 kinase-activator protein-1 pathway in Raw 264.7 cells. J Immunol. 2004;173:6973\u201380.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"1182_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29240","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029240","volume":"6","author":"R Lu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lu R, Kallenborn-Gerhardt W, Geisslinger G, Schmidtko A. Additive antinociceptive effects of a combination of vitamin C and vitamin E after peripheral nerve injury. PLoS One. 2011;6:e29240.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"1182_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510003958","volume":"104","author":"D Del Rio","year":"2010","unstructured":"Del Rio D, Borges G, Crozier A. Berry flavonoids and phenolics: bioavailability and evidence of protective effects. Br J Nutr. 2010;104(Suppl 3):S67\u201390.","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"1182_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5336.279","volume":"278","author":"AB Malmberg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Malmberg AB, Chen C, Tonegawa S, Basbaum AI. Preserved acute pain and reduced neuropathic pain in mice lacking PKCgamma. Science. 1997;278:279\u201383.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1182_CR39","first-page":"33","volume":"3","author":"RR Ji","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ji RR, Suter MR. p38 MAPK, microglial signaling, and neuropathic pain. Mol Pain. 2007;3:33.","journal-title":"Mol Pain"},{"key":"1182_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4547(20000715)61:2<212::AID-JNR12>3.0.CO;2-9","volume":"61","author":"GG Vecil","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vecil GG, Larsen PH, Corley SM, Herx LM, Besson A, Goodyer CG, Yong VW. Interleukin-1 is a key regulator of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in human neurons in culture and following mouse brain trauma in vivo. J Neurosci Res. 2000;61:212\u201324.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"1182_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15811","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4088-10.2010","volume":"30","author":"S Jha","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jha S, Srivastava SY, Brickey WJ, Iocca H, Toews A, Morrison JP, Chen VS, Gris D, Matsushima GK, Ting JP. The inflammasome sensor, NLRP3, regulates CNS inflammation and demyelination via caspase-1 and interleukin-18. J Neurosci. 2010;30:15811\u201320.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1182_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09663","volume":"469","author":"R Zhou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhou R, Yazdi AS, Menu P, Tschopp J. A role for mitochondria in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Nature. 2011;469:221\u20135.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1182_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00216","volume":"8","author":"S Alfonso-Loeches","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alfonso-Loeches S, Urena-Peralta JR, Morillo-Bargues MJ, Oliver-De La Cruz J, Guerri C. Role of mitochondria ROS generation in ethanol-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell death in astroglial cells. Front Cell Neurosci. 2014;8:216.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"1182_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0520-z","volume":"13","author":"Y Cai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cai Y, Kong H, Pan YB, Jiang L, Pan XX, Hu L, Qian YN, Jiang CY, Liu WT. Procyanidins alleviates morphine tolerance by inhibiting activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia. J Neuroinflammation. 2016;13:53.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroinflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-018-1182-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12974-018-1182-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-018-1182-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T19:10:26Z","timestamp":1561057826000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12974-018-1182-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1182"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-018-1182-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-2094"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-2094","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 January 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 June 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All procedures were strictly performed in accordance with the regulations of the ethics committee of the International Association for the Study of Pain and the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (The Ministry of Science and Technology of China, 2006). All animal experiments were approved by Nanjing Medical University Animal Care and Use Committee and were designed to minimize suffering and the number of animals used.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"187"}}