{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:47:20Z","timestamp":1778806040747,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]],"date-time":"2019-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552262400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroinflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1440-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]],"date-time":"2019-03-11T07:02:28Z","timestamp":1552287748000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for predicting development of multiple sclerosis in acute optic neuritis: a population-based prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"M. N.","family":"Olesen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Soelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Debrabant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. C.","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. T.","family":"Lillevang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Grauslund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Brandslund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. S.","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Jarius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8551-0947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Asgari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1440_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.108","volume":"10","author":"A Petzold","year":"2014","unstructured":"Petzold A, Wattjes MP, Costello F, Flores-Rivera J, Fraser CL, Fujihara K, et al. The investigation of acute optic neuritis: a review and proposed protocol. Nat Rev Neurol. 2014;10(8):447\u201358.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1440_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70259-X","volume":"13","author":"AT Toosy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Toosy AT, Mason DF, Miller DH. Optic neuritis. The Lancet Neurology. 2014;13(1):83\u201399.","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology."},{"issue":"1","key":"1440_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0720-6","volume":"13","author":"F Pache","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pache F, Zimmermann H, Mikolajczak J, Schumacher S, Lacheta A, Oertel FC, et al. MOG-IgG in NMO and related disorders: a multicenter study of 50 patients. Part 4: afferent visual system damage after optic neuritis in MOG-IgG-seropositive versus AQP4-IgG-seropositive patients. J Neuroinflammation. 2016;13(1):282.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"6","key":"1440_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000101","volume":"82","author":"DK Sato","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sato DK, Callegaro D, Lana-Peixoto MA, Waters PJ, de Haidar Jorge FM, Takahashi T, et al. Distinction between MOG antibody-positive and AQP4 antibody-positive NMO spectrum disorders. Neurology. 2014;82(6):474\u201381.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"3","key":"1440_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.5857","volume":"71","author":"J Kitley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kitley J, Waters P, Woodhall M, Leite MI, Murchison A, George J, et al. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders with aquaporin-4 and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies: a comparative study. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(3):276\u201383.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1440_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0717-1","volume":"13","author":"S Jarius","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jarius S, Ruprecht K, Kleiter I, Borisow N, Asgari N, Pitarokoili K, et al. MOG-IgG in NMO and related disorders: a multicenter study of 50 patients. Part 1: frequency, syndrome specificity, influence of disease activity, long-term course, association with AQP4-IgG, and origin. J Neuroinflammation. 2016;13(1):279.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"2","key":"1440_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","volume":"17","author":"AJ Thompson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F, Carroll WM, Coetzee T, Comi G, et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. The Lancet Neurology. 2018;17(2):162\u201373.","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1440_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22366","volume":"69","author":"CH Polman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Polman CH, Reingold SC, Banwell B, Clanet M, Cohen JA, Filippi M, et al. Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria. Ann Neurol. 2011;69(2):292\u2013302.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1440_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6092","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.10.6092","volume":"178","author":"M Duddy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Duddy M, Niino M, Adatia F, Hebert S, Freedman M, Atkins H, et al. Distinct effector cytokine profiles of memory and naive human B cell subsets and implication in multiple sclerosis. J Immunol. 2007;178(10):6092\u20139.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"1440_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh680","volume":"129","author":"M Krumbholz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Krumbholz M, Theil D, Cepok S, Hemmer B, Kivisakk P, Ransohoff RM, et al. Chemokines in multiple sclerosis: CXCL12 and CXCL13 up-regulation is differentially linked to CNS immune cell recruitment. Brain J Neurol. 2006;129(Pt 1):200\u201311.","journal-title":"Brain J Neurol"},{"key":"1440_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5997","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6997","volume":"6","author":"AR Khan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khan AR, Hams E, Floudas A, Sparwasser T, Weaver CT, Fallon PG. PD-L1hi B cells are critical regulators of humoral immunity. Nat Commun. 2015;6:5997.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"1440_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy021","volume":"141","author":"C Matute-Blanch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matute-Blanch C, Villar LM, Alvarez-Cermeno JC, Rejdak K, Evdoshenko E, Makshakov G, et al. Neurofilament light chain and oligoclonal bands are prognostic biomarkers in radiologically isolated syndrome. Brain J Neurol. 2018;141(4):1085\u201393.","journal-title":"Brain J Neurol"},{"key":"1440_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2017.12.018","volume":"20","author":"K Soelberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Soelberg K, Skejoe HPB, Grauslund J, Smith TJ, Lillevang ST, Jarius S, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging findings at the first episode of acute optic neuritis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2017;20:30\u20136.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"14","key":"1440_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517734070","volume":"23","author":"K Soelberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Soelberg K, Jarius S, Skejoe H, Engberg H, Mehlsen JJ, Nilsson AC, et al. A population-based prospective study of optic neuritis. Mult Scler. 2017;23(14):1893\u2013901.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"2","key":"1440_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2015-0253","volume":"54","author":"H Hegen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hegen H, Auer M, Zeileis A, Deisenhammer F. Upper reference limits for cerebrospinal fluid total protein and albumin quotient based on a large cohort of control patients: implications for increased clinical specificity. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2016;54(2):285\u201392.","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"1440_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713519","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/713519","volume":"2013","author":"N Asgari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Asgari N, Voss A, Steenstrup T, Kyvik KO, Stenager E, Lillevang ST. Interferon alpha association with neuromyelitis optica. Clin Dev Immunol. 2013;2013:713519.","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1440_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","volume":"57","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"1995","unstructured":"Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y. Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Stat Soc Ser B Methodol. 1995;57(1):289\u2013300.","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B Methodol"},{"key":"1440_CR18","volume-title":"Clinical prediction models: a practical approach to development, validation, and updating: Springer","author":"EW Steyerberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Steyerberg EW. Clinical prediction models: a practical approach to development, validation, and updating: Springer; 2009."},{"issue":"1","key":"1440_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1144-2","volume":"15","author":"S Jarius","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jarius S, Paul F, Aktas O, Asgari N, Dale RC, de Seze J, et al. MOG encephalomyelitis: international recommendations on diagnosis and antibody testing. J Neuroinflammation. 2018;15(1):134.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"4","key":"1440_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy006","volume":"141","author":"G Arrambide","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arrambide G, Tintore M, Espejo C, Auger C, Castillo M, R\u00edo J, et al. The value of oligoclonal bands in the multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria. Brain J Neurol. 2018;141(4):1075\u201384.","journal-title":"Brain J Neurol"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"1440_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv105","volume":"138","author":"M Tintore","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tintore M, Rovira A, Rio J, Otero-Romero S, Arrambide G, Tur C, et al. Defining high, medium and low impact prognostic factors for developing multiple sclerosis. Brain J Neurol. 2015;138(Pt 7):1863\u201374.","journal-title":"Brain J Neurol"},{"key":"1440_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-93","volume":"9","author":"MC Kowarik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kowarik MC, Cepok S, Sellner J, Grummel V, Weber MS, Korn T, et al. CXCL13 is the major determinant for B cell recruitment to the CSF during neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation. 2012;9:93.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"1440_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00389-1","volume":"111","author":"I Nakashima","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nakashima I, Fujihara K, Misu T, Okita N, Takase S, Itoyama Y. Significant correlation between IL-10 levels and IgG indices in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol. 2000;111(1):64\u20137.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1440_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303956","volume":"62","author":"HH Uhlig","year":"2013","unstructured":"Uhlig HH. Monogenic diseases associated with intestinal inflammation: implications for the understanding of inflammatory bowel disease. Gut. 2013;62(12):1795\u2013805.","journal-title":"Gut."},{"issue":"5","key":"1440_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201343683","volume":"44","author":"S Ries","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ries S, Hilgenberg E, Lampropoulou V, Shen P, Dang VD, Wilantri S, et al. B-type suppression: a role played by \"regulatory B cells\" or \"regulatory plasma cells\". Eur J Immunol. 2014;44(5):1251\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"1440_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00626","volume":"6","author":"R Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li R, Rezk A, Healy LM, Muirhead G, Prat A, Gommerman JL, et al. Cytokine-defined B cell responses as therapeutic targets in multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol. 2016;6:626.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1440_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-5-45","volume":"5","author":"MK McCoy","year":"2008","unstructured":"McCoy MK, Tansey MG. TNF signaling inhibition in the CNS: implications for normal brain function and neurodegenerative disease. J Neuroinflammation. 2008;5:45.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"1440_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12845","volume":"136 Suppl 201","author":"H Zetterberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zetterberg H. Fluid biomarkers for microglial activation and axonal injury in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2017;136 Suppl 201:15\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"1440_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000102","volume":"2","author":"CJ Azevedo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Azevedo CJ, Overton E, Khadka S, Buckley J, Liu S, Sampat M, et al. Early CNS neurodegeneration in radiologically isolated syndrome. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation. 2015;2(3):e102.","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroinflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-019-1440-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12974-019-1440-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-019-1440-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T17:35:41Z","timestamp":1721064941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12974-019-1440-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-019-1440-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-2094"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-2094","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 September 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The Research Ethical Committees in the Region of Southern Denmark approved the study protocol (ref. no. S-20130137) as did the Danish Data Protection Agency (ref. no. 14\/26345). All patients gave written consent to participate after being presented verbal and written descriptions of the study. Data were processed in accordance with the European Union General Data Protection Regulations.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"F. Paul serves on the scientific advisory board for Novartis; received speaker honoraria and travel funding from Bayer, Novartis, Biogen Idec, Teva, Sanofi-Aventis\/Genzyme, Merck, Serono, Alexion, Chugai, MedImmune, and Shire; he is an academic editor for PLoS ONE; is an associate editor for Neurology\u00ae Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation; was consulted for SanofiGenzyme, Biogen Idec, MedImmune, Shire, and Alexion, and received research support from Bayer, Novartis, Biogen Idec, Teva, Sanofi-Aventis\/Genzyme, Alexion, Merck Serono, German Research Council, Werth Stiftung of the City of Cologne, German Ministry of Education and Research, Arthur Arnstein Stiftung Berlin, EU FP7 Framework Program, Arthur Arnstein Foundation Berlin, Guthy Jackson Charitable Foundation, and National Multiple Sclerosis of the USA. T.J. Smith patents on the therapeutic targeting of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor and the clinical assay development of anti-IGF-IR antibodies in autoimmune diseases. I am funded by National Institutes of Health grants EY008976 and 5UM1AI110557, Center for Vision core grant EY007003 from the National Eye Institute, unrestricted grants from Research to Prevent Blindness and the Bell Charitable Foundation. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"59"}}