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Mice with IBD induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water exhibit depressive-like behavior. The presence of\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the gut microbiota is associated with major depressive disorder. Therefore, we examined whether\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      2001 (EF-2001), a biogenic lactic acid bacterium, prevents DSS-induced depressive-like behavior and changes in peripheral symptoms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated colon inflammation and used the tail suspension test to examine whether EF-2001 prevents IBD-like symptoms and depressive-like behavior in DSS-treated mice. The protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), and cleaved caspase-3 in the rectum and hippocampus was assessed by western blotting. Hippocampal neurogenesis, altered nuclear factor-kappa B (NF\u03baB) p65 morphometry, and the localization of activated NF\u03baB p65 and XIAP were examined by immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment with 1.5% DSS for 7\u2009days induced IBD-like pathology and depressive-like behavior, increased TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 expression in the rectum and hippocampus, activated caspase-3 in the hippocampus, and decreased hippocampal neurogenesis. Interestingly, these changes were reversed by 20-day administration of EF-2001. Further, EF-2001 administration enhanced NF\u03baB p65 expression in the microglial cells and XIAP expression in the hippocampus of DSS-treated mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EF-2001 prevented IBD-like pathology and depressive-like behavior via decreased rectal and hippocampal inflammatory cytokines and facilitated the NF\u03baB p65\/XIAP pathway in the hippocampus. Our findings suggest a close relationship between IBD and depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1580-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T05:06:21Z","timestamp":1572498381000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Effect of Enterococcus faecalis 2001 on colitis and depressive-like behavior in dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice: involvement of the brain\u2013gut axis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kohei","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4061-0802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osamu","family":"Nakagawasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Nemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayo","family":"Odaira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wakana","family":"Sakuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Onogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Nishijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuji","family":"Furihata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukio","family":"Nemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Iwasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Tan-No","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Tadano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"1580_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s40473-017-0129-2","volume":"4","author":"P Perez-Pardo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Perez-Pardo P, Hartog M, Garssen J, Kraneveld AD. 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