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The dorsal root ganglia (DRG) contain the primary sensory neurons that give rise to pain, and damage to these neurons may lead to neuropathic pain. Here, we investigate the sex differences of the DRG transcriptome in a mouse model of MS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Next-generation sequencing was used to establish RNA and microRNA profiles from the DRG of mice with MOG<jats:sub>35\u201355<\/jats:sub>-induced EAE, a model of CNS inflammation that mimics aspects of MS. Differential expression and multiple meta-analytic approaches were used to compare expression profiles in immunized female and male mice. Differential expression of relevant genes and microRNAs were confirmed by qPCR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three thousand five hundred twenty genes and 29 microRNAs were differentially expressed in the DRG of female mice with MOG<jats:sub>35\u201355<\/jats:sub>-EAE, while only 189 genes and 3 microRNAs were differentially expressed in males with MOG<jats:sub>35\u201355<\/jats:sub>-EAE. Genes related to the immune system were uniquely regulated in immunized female mice. Direct comparison of sex within disease indicates significant differences in interferon and phagosomal pathways between the sexes. miR-21a-5p is the primary dysregulated microRNA in both sexes, with females having additional dysregulated microRNAs, including miR-122-5p.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides evidence that females are uniquely affected by MOG<jats:sub>35\u201355<\/jats:sub>-EAE and that this difference may result from additional signaling not present in the male. The altered transcriptome of females correlates with other studies finding hyperactivity of pain-sensing neurons and suggests underlying sex-specific pathways for neuropathic pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1600-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]],"date-time":"2019-11-15T15:03:20Z","timestamp":1573830200000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Profiling the microRNA signature of the peripheral sensory ganglia in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Timothy N.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Saad","family":"Yousuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Catuneanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mansi","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camille A.","family":"Ju\u017awik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alyson E.","family":"Fournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0264-8316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bradley J.","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1600_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2007.00064.x","volume":"17","author":"H Lassmann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lassmann H, Br\u00fcck W, Lucchinetti CF. 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