{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T01:51:06Z","timestamp":1794275466378,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2018YFC1705803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1705803"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes","award":["ZZ20191603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZZ20191603"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes","award":["ZZ13-YQ-062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZZ13-YQ-062"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes","award":["ZZ201814002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZZ201814002"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","award":["CI2021A03405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CI2021A03405"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/042pgcv68","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroinflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stress-induced neuroinflammation was considered to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of depression. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a relatively non-invasive alternative treatment for patients suffering from major depressive disorder. The anti-inflammatory signal of vagus nerve is mediated by \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (\u03b17nAchR), and the hippocampus, the region with the most distribution of \u03b17nAchR, regulates emotions. Here, we investigated the role of \u03b17nAchR mediating hippocampal neuroinflammation in taVNS antidepressant effect though homozygous \u03b17nAChR (\u2212\/\u2212) gene knockout and \u03b17nAchR antagonist (methyllycaconitine, MLA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were control, model, taVNS, \u03b17nAChR(\u2212\/\u2212)\u2009+\u2009taVNS, hippocampus (Hi) MLA\u2009+\u2009taVNS and Hi saline\u2009+\u2009taVNS groups. We used the chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) method to establish depressive model rats for 42\u00a0days, excepting control group. After the successful modeling, except the control and model, the rats in the other groups were given taVNS, which was applied through an electroacupuncture apparatus at the auricular concha (2\/15\u00a0Hz, 2\u00a0mA, 30\u00a0min\/days) for 21\u00a0days. Behavioral tests were conducted at baseline, after modeling and after taVNS intervention, including sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT) and forced swimming test (FST). These tests are widely used to evaluate depression-like behavior in rats. The samples were taken after experiment, the expressions of \u03b17nAchR, NF-\u03baB p65, IL-1\u03b2 and the morphology of microglia were detected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depression-like behavior and hippocampal neuroinflammation in CUMS model rats were manifested by down-regulated expression of \u03b17nAchR, up-regulated expression of NF-\u03baB p65 and IL-1\u03b2, and the morphology of microglia was in amoebic-like activated state. TaVNS could significantly reverse the above-mentioned phenomena, but had rare improvement effect for \u03b17nAChR(\u2212\/\u2212) rats and Hi MLA rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The antidepressant effect of taVNS is related to hippocampal \u03b17nAchR\/NF-\u03baB signal pathway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02341-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T02:02:41Z","timestamp":1639706561000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":162,"title":["Mechanisms underlying antidepressant effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on CUMS model rats based on hippocampal \u03b17nAchR\/NF-\u03baB signal pathway"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jun-ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shao-yuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-xuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7288-2319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peijing","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2341_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-012-9199-9","volume":"22","author":"I Marchetti","year":"2012","unstructured":"I Marchetti EHW Koster EJ Sonuga-Barke R Raedt De 2012 The default mode network and recurrent depression: a neurobiological model of cognitive risk factors Neuropsychol Rev 22 3 229 251","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"2341_CR2","unstructured":"Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. 2017. 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