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Increased T helper 17 (Th17) cell activity and dysfunctional regulatory T (Treg) cells have been demonstrated in subgroups of MG. On the other hand, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) has been shown to regulate the Th17\/Treg balance by inducing Th17 differentiation while attenuating Treg development. To identify the underlying mechanisms of different thymic pathologies in MG development, we evaluated thymic samples from thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis (TAMG), MG with hyperplasia (TFH-MG) and thymoma without MG (TOMA) patients. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that TAMG and TFH-MG cells are associated with different functional pathways. A higher\n                    <jats:italic>RORC\/FOXP3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ratio provided evidence for Th17\/Treg imbalance in TAMG potentially related to increased\n                    <jats:italic>HIF1A<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The hypoxic microenvironment in thymoma may be a driver of TAMG by increasing\n                    <jats:italic>HIF1A<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These findings may lead to new therapeutic approaches targeting\n                    <jats:italic>HIF1A<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the development of TAMG.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03095-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T11:01:24Z","timestamp":1715425284000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Thymic gene expression analysis reveals a potential link between HIF-1A and Th17\/Treg imbalance in thymoma associated myasthenia gravis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"\u0130layda","family":"Alt\u0131n\u00f6nder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibel P.","family":"Yent\u00fcr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arman","family":"\u00c7akar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hacer","family":"Durmu\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcl\u00e7in","family":"Yegen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berker","family":"\u00d6zkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye\u015fim","family":"Parman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr H.","family":"Sawalha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guher","family":"Saruhan-Direskeneli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"3095_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.0603","volume":"73","author":"A Zekeridou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zekeridou A, McKeon A, Lennon VA. 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