{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T23:49:43Z","timestamp":1794440983966,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":385,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["334525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["334525"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sigrid Juselius Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007797","name":"University of Helsinki","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007797","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroinflammation"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Central nervous system infections have been suggested as a possible cause for neurodegenerative diseases, particularly sporadic cases. They trigger neuroinflammation which is considered integrally involved in neurodegenerative processes. In this review, we will look at data linking a variety of viral, bacterial, fungal, and protozoan infections to Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis and unspecified dementia. This narrative review aims to bring together a broad range of data currently supporting the involvement of central nervous system infections in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. The idea that no single pathogen or pathogen group is responsible for neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed. Instead, we suggest that a wide range of susceptibility factors may make individuals differentially vulnerable to different infectious pathogens and subsequent pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03139-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T16:01:35Z","timestamp":1717689695000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Contribution of CNS and extra-CNS infections to neurodegeneration: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Pinja","family":"Kettunen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jari","family":"Koistinaho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taisia","family":"Rolova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"3139_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008596","volume":"16","author":"CE Seaks","year":"2020","unstructured":"Seaks CE, Wilcock DM. Infectious hypothesis of Alzheimer disease. PLoS Pathog. 2020;16(11): e1008596.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"3139_CR2","first-page":"14","volume":"28","author":"D Cabezudo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cabezudo D, Baekelandt V, Lobbestael E. Multiple-hit hypothesis in Parkinson\u2019s disease: LRRK2 and inflammation. Front Neurosci. 2020;28:14.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02584-x","volume":"19","author":"RJ Boyd","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boyd RJ, Avramopoulos D, Jantzie LL, McCallion AS. Neuroinflammation represents a common theme amongst genetic and environmental risk factors for Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. J Neuroinflammation. 2022;19(1):223.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"3139_CR4","first-page":"12","volume":"22","author":"CRS McEntire","year":"2021","unstructured":"McEntire CRS, Song KW, McInnis RP, Rhee JY, Young M, Williams E, et al. Neurologic manifestations of the World Health Organization\u2019s list of pandemic and epidemic diseases. Front Neurol. 2021;22:12.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"3139_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.12.020","volume":"101","author":"F Ceban","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ceban F, Ling S, Lui LMW, Lee Y, Gill H, Teopiz KM, et al. Fatigue and cognitive impairment in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2022;101:93\u2013135.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010234","volume":"18","author":"Y Le Govic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Le Govic Y, Demey B, Cassereau J, Bahn YS, Papon N. Pathogens infecting the central nervous system. PLoS Pathog. 2022;18(2): e1010234.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00118-13","volume":"27","author":"SJ Dando","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dando SJ, Mackay-Sim A, Norton R, Currie BJ, St John JA, Ekberg JAK, et al. Pathogens penetrating the central nervous system: infection pathways and the cellular and molecular mechanisms of invasion. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2014;27(4):691\u2013726.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"3139_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.12.029","volume":"111","author":"KS Levine","year":"2023","unstructured":"Levine KS, Leonard HL, Blauwendraat C, Iwaki H, Johnson N, Bandres-Ciga S, et al. Virus exposure and neurodegenerative disease risk across national biobanks. Neuron. 2023;111(7):1086-1093.e2.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"5","key":"3139_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000086","volume":"82","author":"NM Vora","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vora NM, Holman RC, Mehal JM, Steiner CA, Blanton J, Sejvar J. Burden of encephalitis-associated hospitalizations in the United States, 1998\u20132010. Neurology. 2014;82(5):443\u201351.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13539","volume":"26","author":"SJ Rezaei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rezaei SJ, Mateen FJ. Encephalitis and meningitis in Western Africa: a scoping review of pathogens. Trop Med Int Health. 2021;26(4):388\u201396.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08007-3","volume":"23","author":"ND Rocha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rocha ND, de Moura SK, da Silva GAB, Mattiello R, Sato DK. Neurological sequelae after encephalitis associated with herpes simplex virus in children: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2023;23(1):55.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"3139_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.10.085233","volume":"89","author":"G Campbell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Campbell G, Hills S, Fischer M, Jacobson J, Hoke C, Hombach J, et al. Estimated global incidence of Japanese encephalitis: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ. 2011;89(10):766\u201374.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbs1401001","volume":"14","author":"RM Antonello","year":"2022","unstructured":"Antonello RM, Riccardi N. How we deal with Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA, MRSA) central nervous system infections. Front Biosci Scholar. 2022;14(1):1.","journal-title":"Front Biosci Scholar"},{"key":"3139_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2515690X2095722","DOI":"10.1177\/2515690X20957225","volume":"25","author":"CT Peterson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peterson CT. Dysfunction of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative disease: the promise of therapeutic modulation with prebiotics, medicinal herbs, probiotics, and synbiotics. J Evid Based Integr Med. 2020;25:2515690X2095722.","journal-title":"J Evid Based Integr Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"3139_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-021-00757-x","volume":"18","author":"I Galea","year":"2021","unstructured":"Galea I. The blood-brain barrier in systemic infection and inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol. 2021;18(11):2489\u2013501.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"3139_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.03.010","volume":"60","author":"A Varatharaj","year":"2017","unstructured":"Varatharaj A, Galea I. The blood-brain barrier in systemic inflammation. Brain Behav Immun. 2017;60:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"7","key":"3139_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069123","volume":"8","author":"DT Skelly","year":"2013","unstructured":"Skelly DT, Hennessy E, Dansereau MA, Cunningham C. A systematic analysis of the peripheral and CNS effects of systemic LPS, IL-1\u03b2, [corrected] TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 challenges in C57BL\/6 mice. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(7): e69123.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3139_CR18","first-page":"9","volume":"2","author":"R Sankowski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sankowski R, Mader S, Vald\u00e9s-Ferrer SI. Systemic inflammation and the brain: novel roles of genetic, molecular, and environmental cues as drivers of neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci. 2015;2:9.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"3139_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0596-581","volume":"2","author":"ML Wong","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wong ML, Rettori V, AL-Shekhlee A, Bongiorno PB, Canteros G, McCann SM, et al. Inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in the brain during systemic inflammation. Nat Med. 1996;2:581\u20134.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"3139_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-146","volume":"27","author":"U P\u00fcntener","year":"2012","unstructured":"P\u00fcntener U, Booth SG, Perry VH, Teeling JL. Long-term impact of systemic bacterial infection on the cerebral vasculature and microglia. J Neuroinflammation. 2012;27(9):146.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"10","key":"3139_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5602","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00143-15","volume":"89","author":"F Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li F, Wang Y, Yu L, Cao S, Wang K, Yuan J, et al. Viral infection of the central nervous system and neuroinflammation precede blood-brain barrier disruption during Japanese encephalitis virus infection. J Virol. 2015;89(10):5602\u201314.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"3139_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vale A do, Cabanes D, Sousa S. Bacterial toxins as pathogen weapons against phagocytes. Front Microbiol. 2016;7: 172814","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00042"},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020470","volume":"11","author":"WA Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen WA, Dou Y, Fletcher HM, Boskovic DS. Local and Systemic effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis infection. Microorganisms. 2023;11(2):470.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crimmu.2023.100057","volume":"28","author":"SP Cangui-Panchi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cangui-Panchi SP, \u00d1acato-Toapanta AL, Enr\u00edquez-Mart\u00ednez LJ, Salinas-Delgado GA, Reyes J, Garzon-Chavez D, et al. Battle royale: Immune response on biofilms\u2014host-pathogen interactions. Curr Res Immunol. 2023;28(4): 100057.","journal-title":"Curr Res Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05882-6","volume":"21","author":"AI Egorov","year":"2021","unstructured":"Egorov AI, Converse RR, Griffin SM, Styles JN, Sams E, Hudgens E, et al. Latent Toxoplasma gondii infections are associated with elevated biomarkers of inflammation and vascular injury. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):188.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"3139_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9050891","volume":"9","author":"T Hatano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hatano T, Sano D, Takahashi H, Oridate N. Pathogenic role of immune evasion and integration of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal cancer. Microorganisms. 2021;9(5):891.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"7","key":"3139_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8070972","volume":"8","author":"V Protto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Protto V, Tramutola A, Fabiani M, Marcocci ME, Napoletani G, Iavarone F, et al. Multiple herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) reactivations induce protein oxidative damage in mouse brain: novel mechanisms for Alzheimer\u2019s disease progression. Microorganisms. 2020;8(7):972.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007617","volume":"15","author":"G De Chiara","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Chiara G, Piacentini R, Fabiani M, Mastrodonato A, Marcocci ME, Limongi D, et al. Recurrent herpes simplex virus-1 infection induces hallmarks of neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits in mice. PLoS Pathog. 2019;15(3): e1007617.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.11.046","volume":"384","author":"H zur Hausen","year":"2009","unstructured":"zur Hausen H. Papillomaviruses in the causation of human cancers\u2014a brief historical account. Virology. 2009;384(2):260\u20135.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"12","key":"3139_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm6120111","volume":"6","author":"U Mui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mui U, Haley C, Tyring S. Viral oncology: molecular biology and pathogenesis. J Clin Med. 2017;6(12):111.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00012-10","volume":"23","author":"AH Chang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chang AH, Parsonnet J. Role of bacteria in oncogenesis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2010;23(4):837\u201357.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29307-3","volume":"13","author":"AJ Mentzer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mentzer AJ, Brenner N, Allen N, Littlejohns TJ, Chong AY, Cortes A, et al. Identification of host\u2013pathogen-disease relationships using a scalable multiplex serology platform in UK Biobank. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):1818.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20080061","volume":"19","author":"Y Doi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Doi Y, Ninomiya T, Hata J, Yonemoto K, Tanizaki Y, Arima H, et al. Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 in a population-based cohort in Japan. J Epidemiol. 2009;19(2):56\u201362.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215487","volume":"14","author":"L Sukik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sukik L, Alyafei M, Harfouche M, Abu-Raddad LJ. Herpes simplex virus type 1 epidemiology in Latin America and the Caribbean: systematic review and meta-analytics. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(4): e0215487.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"3139_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy562","volume":"68","author":"L Khadr","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khadr L, Harfouche M, Omori R, Schwarzer G, Chemaitelly H, Abu-Raddad LJ. The epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 in Asia: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;68(5):757\u201372.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37833-8","volume":"9","author":"S Chaabane","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chaabane S, Harfouche M, Chemaitelly H, Schwarzer G, Abu-Raddad LJ. Herpes simplex virus type 1 epidemiology in the Middle East and North Africa: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):1136.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"3139_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2021-054972","volume":"97","author":"M Harfouche","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harfouche M, Maalmi H, Abu-Raddad LJ. Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 in Latin America and the Caribbean: systematic review, meta-analyses and metaregressions. Sex Transm Infect. 2021;97(7):490\u2013500.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"5","key":"3139_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.19.237149","volume":"98","author":"C James","year":"2020","unstructured":"James C, Harfouche M, Welton NJ, Turner KM, Abu-Raddad LJ, Gottlieb SL, et al. Herpes simplex virus: global infection prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016. Bull World Health Organ. 2020;98(5):315\u201329.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"3139_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang CI, Choi CM, Park TS, Lee DJ, Oh M don, Choe KW. Incidence of herpes zoster and seroprevalence of varicella-zoster virus in young adults of South Korea. Int J Infect Dis. 2008;12(3):245\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2007.08.002"},{"issue":"6","key":"3139_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491012500613","volume":"125","author":"MA Reynolds","year":"2010","unstructured":"Reynolds MA, Kruszon-Moran D, Jumaan A, Schmid DS, McQuillan GM. Varicella seroprevalence in the U.S.: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999\u20132004. Public Health Rep. 2010;125(6):860\u20139.","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-140","volume":"12","author":"GG van Rijckevorsel","year":"2012","unstructured":"van Rijckevorsel GG, Damen M, Sonder GJ, van der Loeff MFS, van den Hoek A. Seroprevalence of varicella-zoster virus and predictors for seronegativity in the Amsterdam adult population. BMC Infect Dis. 2012;12(1):140.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"3139_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2016.12.001","volume":"87","author":"O Amjadi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amjadi O, Rafiei A, Haghshenas M, Navaei RA, Valadan R, Hosseini-Khah Z, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of seroprevalence of varicella zoster virus: a nationwide population-based study. J Clin Virol. 2017;87:49\u201359.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2022.03.008","volume":"40","author":"AA Irekeola","year":"2022","unstructured":"Irekeola AA, Wada Y, Mohamud R, Mat Lazim N, Yean CY, et al. Prevalence of EBV infection in 1157 diseased cohorts in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2022;40(3):420\u20136.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400046842","volume":"74","author":"PK Lai","year":"1975","unstructured":"Lai PK, Mackay-Scollay EM, Alpers MP. Epidemiological studies of Epstein-Barr herpesvirus infection in Western Australia. J Hygiene. 1975;74(3):329\u201337.","journal-title":"J Hygiene"},{"issue":"6","key":"3139_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e99857","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099857","volume":"9","author":"G Xiong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xiong G, Zhang B, Yun HM, Zhou H, Zhen CL, Sheng FQ, et al. Epstein-barr virus (EBV) Infection in Chinese children: a retrospective study of age-specific prevalence. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(6):e99857.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"12","key":"3139_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189033","volume":"12","author":"MK Smatti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Smatti MK, Yassine HM, AbuOdeh R, AlMarawani A, Taleb SA, Althani AA, et al. Prevalence and molecular profiling of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) among healthy blood donors from different nationalities in Qatar. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(12): e0189033.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13971-7","volume":"22","author":"K Fowler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fowler K, Mucha J, Neumann M, Lewandowski W, Kaczanowska M, Grys M, et al. A systematic literature review of the global seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus: possible implications for treatment, screening, and vaccine development. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):1659.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S2055-6640(20)30456-8","volume":"2","author":"M Bates","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bates M, Brantsaeter AB. Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Africa: a neglected but important pathogen. J Virus Erad. 2016;2(3):136\u201342.","journal-title":"J Virus Erad"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.3.521","volume":"10","author":"DK Braun","year":"1997","unstructured":"Braun DK, Dominguez G, Pellett PE. Human herpesvirus 6. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1997;10(3):521\u201367.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.27.4.651-653.1989","volume":"27","author":"T Okuno","year":"1989","unstructured":"Okuno T, Takahashi K, Balachandra K, Shiraki K, Yamanishi K, Takahashi M, et al. Seroepidemiology of human herpesvirus 6 infection in normal children and adults. J Clin Microbiol. 1989;27(4):651\u20133.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"3139_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2021.12.005","volume":"2","author":"DW Al-Sadeq","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Sadeq DW, Zedan HT, Aldewik N, Elkhider A, Hicazi A, Younes N, et al. Human herpes simplex virus-6 (HHV-6) detection and seroprevalence among Qatari nationals and immigrants residing in Qatar. IJID Regions. 2022;2:90\u20135.","journal-title":"IJID Regions"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458507080063","volume":"14","author":"H Kuusisto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kuusisto H, Hy\u00f6ty H, Kares S, Kinnunen E, Elovaara I. Human herpes virus 6 and multiple sclerosis: a Finnish twin study. Mult Scler J. 2008;14(1):54\u20138.","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"issue":"5","key":"3139_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(97)90016-X","volume":"91","author":"RB de Freitas","year":"1997","unstructured":"de Freitas RB, Linhares AC. Prevalence of human herpesvirus 6 antibody in the population of Bel\u00e9m, Par\u00e1, northern Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1997;91(5):538\u201340.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0928-0197(95)00005-S","volume":"4","author":"DV Ablashi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ablashi DV, Berneman ZN, Kramarsky B, Whitman J, Asano Y, Pearson GR. Human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7): current status. Clin Diagn Virol. 1995;4(1):1\u201313.","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1423-0410.1998.7530193.x","volume":"75","author":"GRF Krueger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Krueger GRF, Koch B, Leyssens N, Berneman Z, Rojo J, Horwitz C, et al. Comparison of Seroprevalences of Human Herpesvirus-6 and -7 in Healthy Blood Donors from Nine Countries. Vox Sang. 1998;75(3):193\u20137.","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"issue":"10","key":"3139_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25235","volume":"127","author":"SC Dollard","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dollard SC, Butler LM, Jones AMG, Mermin JH, Chidzonga M, Chipato T, et al. Substantial regional differences in human herpesvirus 8 seroprevalence in sub-Saharan Africa: insights on the origin of the \u201cKaposi\u2019s sarcoma belt.\u201d Int J Cancer. 2010;127(10):2395\u2013401.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"3139_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00490.x","volume":"43","author":"PE Pellett","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pellett PE, Wright DJ, Engels EA, Ablashi DV, Dollard SC, Forghani B, et al. Multicenter comparison of serologic assays and estimation of human herpesvirus 8 seroprevalence among US blood donors. Transfusion (Paris). 2003;43(9):1260\u20138.","journal-title":"Transfusion (Paris)"},{"issue":"9","key":"3139_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200106150-00012","volume":"15","author":"G Gamb\u00fas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gamb\u00fas G, Bourboulia D, Esteve A, Lahoz R, Rodriguez C, Bolao F, et al. Prevalence and distribution of HHV-8 in different subpopulations, with and without HIV infection. Spain AIDS. 2001;15(9):1167\u201374.","journal-title":"Spain AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-021-01614-z","volume":"18","author":"S Chavoshpour-Mamaghani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chavoshpour-Mamaghani S, Shoja Z, Mollaei-Kandelous Y, Sharifian K, Jalilvand S. The prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 in normal, premalignant, and malignant cervical samples of Iranian women. Virol J. 2021;18(1):144.","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"issue":"5","key":"3139_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6690782","volume":"81","author":"D Ablashi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ablashi D, Chatlynne L, Cooper H, Thomas D, Yadav M, Norhanom AW, et al. Seroprevalence of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) in countries of Southeast Asia compared to the USA, the Caribbean and Africa. Br J Cancer. 1999;81(5):893\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"3139_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70158-5","volume":"7","author":"S de Sanjos\u00e9","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Sanjos\u00e9 S, Diaz M, Castellsagu\u00e9 X, Clifford G, Bruni L, Mu\u00f1oz N, et al. Worldwide prevalence and genotype distribution of cervical human papillomavirus DNA in women with normal cytology: a meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007;7(7):453\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu077","volume":"210","author":"ED Moreira","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moreira ED, Giuliano AR, Palefsky J, Flores CA, Goldstone S, Ferris D, et al. Incidence, clearance, and disease progression of genital human papillomavirus infection in heterosexual men. J Infect Dis. 2014;210(2):192\u20139.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"3139_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1345","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00305-4","volume":"11","author":"L Bruni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bruni L, Albero G, Rowley J, Alemany L, Arbyn M, Giuliano AR, et al. Global and regional estimates of genital human papillomavirus prevalence among men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2023;11(9):e1345\u201362.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"3139_CR64","first-page":"8","volume":"20","author":"AJ Kombe Kombe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kombe Kombe AJ, Li B, Zahid A, Mengist HM, Bounda GA, Zhou Y, et al. Epidemiology and Burden of Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases, Molecular Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Evaluation. Front Public Health. 2021;20:8.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"3139_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.04.003","volume":"39","author":"G Pappas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pappas G, Roussos N, Falagas ME. Toxoplasmosis snapshots: global status of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence and implications for pregnancy and congenital toxoplasmosis. Int J Parasitol. 2009;39(12):1385\u201394.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12550","volume":"66","author":"A Siponen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siponen A, Kinnunen PM, Koort J, Kallio-Kokko H, Vapalahti O, Virtala A, et al. Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in veterinarians in Finland: Older age, living in the countryside, tasting beef during cooking and not doing small animal practice associated with seropositivity. Zoonoses Public Health. 2019;66(2):207\u201315.","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69078-9","volume":"10","author":"JJ Bigna","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bigna JJ, Tochie JN, Tounouga DN, Bekolo AO, Ymele NS, Youda EL, et al. Global, regional, and country seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women: a systematic review, modelling and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):12102.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3139_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stopi\u0107 M, \u0160tajner T, Markovi\u0107-Deni\u0107 L, Nikoli\u0107 V, Djilas I, Srzenti\u0107 SJ, et al. Epidemiology of toxoplasmosis in SERBIA: a cross-sectional study on blood donors. microorganisms. 2022;10(3):492","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10030492"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09015-7","volume":"20","author":"SN Karshima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karshima SN, Karshima MN. Human Toxoplasma gondii infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data published between 1960 and 2019. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):877.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.21315\/mjms2022.29.1.2","volume":"29","author":"C Ghazaei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ghazaei C. Advances in the study of bacterial toxins, their roles and mechanisms in pathogenesis. Malays J Med Sci. 2022;29(1):4\u201317.","journal-title":"Malays J Med Sci"},{"key":"3139_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626059","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.626059","volume":"9","author":"E \u017derovnik","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u017derovnik E. Viroporins vs. other pore-forming proteins: what lessons can we take? Front Chem. 2021;9:626059.","journal-title":"Front Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13344","volume":"11","author":"D Dong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dong D, Xie W, Liu M. Alteration of cell junctions during viral infection. Thorac Cancer. 2020;11(3):519\u201325.","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"3139_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a016972","volume":"6","author":"P Cossart","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cossart P, Helenius A. Endocytosis of viruses and bacteria. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2014;6(8): a016972.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3139_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2003.08.001","volume":"154","author":"B Chi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chi B, Qi M, Kuramitsu HK. Role of dentilisin in Treponema denticola epithelial cell layer penetration. Res Microbiol. 2003;154(9):637\u201343.","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"3139_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-19515-1_7","volume-title":"Neuroimmune diseases: from cells to the living brain","author":"H Salimi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salimi H, Klein RS. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier during neuroinflammatory and neuroinfectious diseases. In: Mitoma H, Manto M, editors. Neuroimmune diseases: from cells to the living brain. 1st ed. Springer: Cham; 2019. p. 195\u2013234.","edition":"1"},{"issue":"10","key":"3139_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.3390\/v13101973","volume":"13","author":"J Tang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tang J, Frascaroli G, Zhou X, Knickmann J, Brune W. Cell fusion and syncytium formation in betaherpesvirus infection. Viruses. 2021;13(10):1973.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.2.693-701.2000","volume":"74","author":"JTC Shieh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shieh JTC, Mart\u00edn J, Baltuch G, Malim MH, Gonz\u00e1lez-Scarano F. Determinants of syncytium formation in microglia by human immunodeficiency virus type 1: role of the V1\/V2 domains. J Virol. 2000;74(2):693\u2013701.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"23","key":"3139_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e106267","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2020106267","volume":"39","author":"J Buchrieser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Buchrieser J, Dufloo J, Hubert M, Monel B, Planas D, Rajah MM, et al. Syncytia formation by SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. EMBO J. 2020;39(23):e106267.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2018.06.008","volume":"27","author":"D Walsh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Walsh D, Naghavi MH. Exploitation of cytoskeletal networks during early viral infection. Trends Microbiol. 2019;27(1):39\u201350.","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"3139_CR80","first-page":"15","volume":"21","author":"A Richards","year":"2021","unstructured":"Richards A, Berth SH, Brady S, Morfini G. Engagement of neurotropic viruses in fast axonal transport: mechanisms, potential role of host kinases and implications for neuronal dysfunction. Front Cell Neurosci. 2021;21:15.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.10.012","volume":"83","author":"B Rozman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rozman B, Fisher T, Stern-Ginossar N. Translation\u2014a tug of war during viral infection. Mol Cell. 2023;83(3):481\u201395.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"10","key":"3139_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9102183","volume":"9","author":"TM Sonninen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sonninen TM, Goldsteins G, Laham-Karam N, Koistinaho J, Lehtonen \u0160. Proteostasis disturbances and inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Cells. 2020;9(10):2183.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"7","key":"3139_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3361","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI136225","volume":"130","author":"JI Cohen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cohen JI. Herpesvirus latency. J Clin Investig. 2020;130(7):3361\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"1617","key":"3139_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.09.008","volume":"18","author":"KR Doty","year":"2015","unstructured":"Doty KR, Guillot-Sestier MV, Town T. The role of the immune system in neurodegenerative disorders: adaptive or maladaptive? Brain Res. 2015;18(1617):155\u201373.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"3139_CR85","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/dementia. 2024."},{"key":"3139_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farrer LA, Cupples LA, Haines JL, Hyman B, Kukull WA, Mayeux R, et al. Effects of age, sex, and ethnicity on the association between apolipoprotein E genotype and Alzheimer disease A meta-analysis. APOE and Alzheimer Disease Meta Analysis Consortium. JAMA. 278(16):1349\u201356.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.278.16.1349"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IN9.0000000000000018","volume":"5","author":"JHJ Yen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yen JHJ, Yu ICI. The role of ApoE-mediated microglial lipid metabolism in brain aging and disease. Immunometabolism. 2023;5(1): e00018.","journal-title":"Immunometabolism"},{"key":"3139_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2022.101594","volume":"59","author":"S Parhizkar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Parhizkar S, Holtzman DM. APOE mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Semin Immunol. 2022;59: 101594.","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"3139_CR89","first-page":"14","volume":"8","author":"A Nott","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nott A, Holtman IR. Genetic insights into immune mechanisms of Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Immunol. 2023;8:14.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201709069","volume":"217","author":"DV Hansen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hansen DV, Hanson JE, Sheng M. Microglia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Cell Biol. 2018;217(2):459\u201372.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-017-0184-x","volume":"12","author":"AG Efthymiou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Efthymiou AG, Goate AM. Late onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease genetics implicates microglial pathways in disease risk. Mol Neurodegener. 2017;12(1):43.","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"issue":"21","key":"3139_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5838","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu277","volume":"23","author":"SC Jin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jin SC, Benitez BA, Karch CM, Cooper B, Skorupa T, Carrell D, et al. Coding variants in TREM2 increase risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Hum Mol Genet. 2014;23(21):5838\u201346.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.9778","volume":"21","author":"R Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li R, Wang X, He P. The most prevalent rare coding variants of TREM2 conferring risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Ther Med. 2021;21(4):347.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"3139_CR94","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/parkinson-disease. 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-018-2817-y","volume":"373","author":"KJ Billingsley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Billingsley KJ, Bandres-Ciga S, Saez-Atienzar S, Singleton AB. Genetic risk factors in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Cell Tissue Res. 2018;373(1):9\u201320.","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"3139_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aas9292","volume":"11","author":"B Shutinoski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shutinoski B, Hakimi M, Harmsen IE, Lunn M, Rocha J, Lengacher N, et al. Lrrk2 alleles modulate inflammation during microbial infection of mice in a sex-dependent manner. Sci Transl Med. 2019;11:511.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00297-9","volume":"8","author":"D Ahmadi Rastegar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmadi Rastegar D, Hughes LP, Perera G, Keshiya S, Zhong S, Gao J, et al. Effect of LRRK2 protein and activity on stimulated cytokines in human monocytes and macrophages. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2022;8(1):34.","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"3139_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003067","volume":"87","author":"ME Umoh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Umoh ME, Fournier C, Li Y, Polak M, Shaw L, Landers JE, et al. Comparative analysis of C9orf72 and sporadic disease in an ALS clinic population. Neurology. 2016;87(10):1024\u201330.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3139_CR99","first-page":"15","volume":"5","author":"J Smeyers","year":"2021","unstructured":"Smeyers J, Banchi EG, Latouche M. C9ORF72: what it is, what it does, and why it matters. Front Cell Neurosci. 2021;5:15.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"3139_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0047-2","volume":"14","author":"R Balendra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Balendra R, Isaacs AM. C9orf72-mediated ALS and FTD: multiple pathways to disease. Nat Rev Neurol. 2018;14(9):544\u201358.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"3139_CR101","first-page":"5793817","volume":"2020","author":"TM Javad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Javad TM, Vodjgani M, Salehi Z, Izad M. The influence of reactive oxygen species in the immune system and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Autoimmune Dis. 2020;2020:5793817.","journal-title":"Autoimmune Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"3139_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.10.013","volume":"43","author":"A Bhattacharya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bhattacharya A, Hegazy AN, Deigendesch N, Kosack L, Cupovic J, Kandasamy RK, et al. Superoxide dismutase 1 protects hepatocytes from type i interferon-driven oxidative damage. Immunity. 2015;43(5):974\u201386.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"14","key":"3139_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841","volume":"26","author":"C Walton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walton C, King R, Rechtman L, Kaye W, Leray E, Marrie RA, et al. Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: insights from the Atlas of MS, third edition. Multiple Sclerosis J. 2020;26(14):1816\u201321.","journal-title":"Multiple Sclerosis J"},{"key":"3139_CR104","first-page":"8","volume":"18","author":"GP Parnell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parnell GP, Booth DR. The multiple sclerosis (MS) genetic risk factors indicate both acquired and innate immune cell subsets contribute to MS pathogenesis and identify novel therapeutic opportunities. Front Immunol. 2017;18:8.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00770-5","volume":"21","author":"SS Soldan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Soldan SS, Lieberman PM. Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023;21(1):51\u201364.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"7900","key":"3139_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04432-7","volume":"603","author":"TV Lanz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lanz TV, Brewer RC, Ho PP, Moon JS, Jude KM, Fernandez D, et al. Clonally expanded B cells in multiple sclerosis bind EBV EBNA1 and GlialCAM. Nature. 2022;603(7900):321\u20137.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.5080","volume":"79","author":"S Koton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Koton S, Pike JR, Johansen M, Knopman DS, Lakshminarayan K, Mosley T, et al. Association of ischemic stroke incidence, severity, and recurrence with dementia in the atherosclerosis risk in communities cohort study. JAMA Neurol. 2022;79(3):271\u201380.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3139_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.06.3061","volume":"14","author":"E Ku\u017ama","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ku\u017ama E, Lourida I, Moore SF, Levine DA, Ukoumunne OC, Llewellyn DJ. Stroke and dementia risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia. 2018;14(11):1416\u201326.","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia"},{"key":"3139_CR109","first-page":"3","volume":"9","author":"J Brain","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brain J, Greene L, Tang EYH, Louise J, Salter A, Beach S, et al. Cardiovascular disease, associated risk factors, and risk of dementia: an umbrella review of meta-analyses. Front Epidemiol. 2023;9:3.","journal-title":"Front Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1623-0","volume":"18","author":"CM Hung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hung CM, Li YC, Chen HJ, Lu K, Liang CL, Liliang PC, et al. Risk of dementia in patients with primary insomnia: a nationwide population-based case-control study. BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18(1):38.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"3139_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"afad163","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad163","volume":"52","author":"X Tan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tan X, \u00c5kerstedt T, Lagerros YT, \u00c5kerstedt AM, Bellocco R, Adami HO, et al. Interactive association between insomnia symptoms and sleep duration for the risk of dementia\u2014a prospective study in the Swedish National March Cohort. Age Ageing. 2023;52(9):afad163.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22354-2","volume":"12","author":"S Sabia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sabia S, Fayosse A, Dumurgier J, van Hees VT, Paquet C, Sommerlad A, et al. Association of sleep duration in middle and old age with incidence of dementia. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):2289.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"11","key":"3139_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8691","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87963-9","volume":"22","author":"MJ Murphy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Murphy MJ, Fani L, Ikram MK, Ghanbari M, Ikram MA. Herpes simplex virus 1 and the risk of dementia: a population-based study. Sci Rep. 2021;22(11):8691.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"3139_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e660","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200709","volume":"99","author":"SAJ Schmidt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schmidt SAJ, Veres K, S\u00f8rensen HT, Obel N, Henderson VW. Incident herpes zoster and risk of dementia: a population-based Danish cohort study. Neurology. 2022;99(7):e660\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"41","key":"3139_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000031116","volume":"101","author":"Y Shim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shim Y, Park M, Kim J. Increased incidence of dementia following herpesvirus infection in the Korean population. Medicine. 2022;101(41): e31116.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"3139_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00144-4","volume":"21","author":"PN Sipil\u00e4","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sipil\u00e4 PN, Heikkil\u00e4 N, Lindbohm JV, Hakulinen C, Vahtera J, Elovainio M, et al. Hospital-treated infectious diseases and the risk of dementia: a large, multicohort, observational study with a replication cohort. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021;21(11):1557\u201367.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"3139_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-020-01157-4","volume":"271","author":"S Bae","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bae S, Yun SC, Kim MC, Yoon W, Lim JS, Lee SO, et al. Association of herpes zoster with dementia and effect of antiviral therapy on dementia: a population-based cohort study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2021;271(5):987\u201397.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16m11312","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.16m11312","volume":"79","author":"VCH Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen VCH, Wu SI, Huang KY, Yang YH, Kuo TY, Liang HY, et al. Herpes zoster and dementia: a nationwide population-based cohort study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2018;79(1):16m11312.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"3139_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.01.006","volume":"69","author":"M Torniainen-Holm","year":"2018","unstructured":"Torniainen-Holm M, Suvisaari J, Lindgren M, H\u00e4rk\u00e4nen T, Dickerson F, Yolken RH. Association of cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus with cognitive functioning and risk of dementia in the general population: 11-year follow-up study. Brain Behav Immun. 2018;69:480\u20135.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-01776-3","volume":"20","author":"KH Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee KH, Kwon DE, Do Han K, La Y, Han SH. Association between cytomegalovirus end-organ diseases and moderate-to-severe dementia: a population-based cohort study. BMC Neurol. 2020;20(1):216.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3139_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4841","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13070","volume":"19","author":"AM Wennberg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wennberg AM, Maher BS, Rabinowitz JA, Holingue C, Felder WR, Wells JL, et al. Association of common infections with cognitive performance in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area study follow-up. Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia. 2023;19(11):4841\u201351.","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia"},{"key":"3139_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114410","volume":"309","author":"SD Gale","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gale SD, Erickson LD, Brown BL, Hedges DW. Cytomegalovirus is not associated with cognitive function in UK adults aged 40 to 70 years. Psychiatry Res. 2022;309: 114410.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12008","volume":"16","author":"M Linard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Linard M, Letenneur L, Garrigue I, Doize A, Dartigues J, Helmer C. Interaction between APOE4 and herpes simplex virus type 1 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia. 2020;16(1):200\u20138.","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia"},{"key":"3139_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00950-0","volume":"14","author":"M Linard","year":"2022","unstructured":"Linard M, Bezin J, Hucteau E, Joly P, Garrigue I, Dartigues JF, et al. Antiherpetic drugs: a potential way to prevent Alzheimer\u2019s disease? Alzheimers Res Ther. 2022;14:3.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR125","first-page":"697","volume":"5","author":"K Lopatko Lindman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lopatko Lindman K, Weidung B, Olsson J, Josefsson M, Kok E, Johansson A, et al. A genetic signature including apolipoprotein E\u03b54 potentiates the risk of herpes simplex\u2013associated Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia. 2019;5(1):697\u2013704.","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia"},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu437","volume":"211","author":"LL Barnes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barnes LL, Capuano AW, Aiello AE, Turner AD, Yolken RH, Torrey EF, et al. Cytomegalovirus infection and risk of Alzheimer disease in older black and white individuals. J Infect Dis. 2015;211(2):230\u20137.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"3139_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1159\/000512874","volume":"20","author":"A Camacho-Soto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Camacho-Soto A, Faust I, Racette BA, Clifford DB, Checkoway H, Searles NS. Herpesvirus infections and risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurodegener Dis. 2020;20(2\u20133):97\u2013103.","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"3139_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9070686","volume":"9","author":"S Agostini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Agostini S, Mancuso R, Costa AS, Citterio LA, Guerini FR, Meloni M, et al. A possible role for HSV-1-specific humoral response and PILRA rs1859788 polymorphism in the pathogenesis of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Vaccines (Basel). 2021;9(7):686.","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"3139_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852919001664","volume":"25","author":"CM Cheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheng CM, Bai YM, Tsai CF, Tsai SJ, Wu YH, Pan TL, et al. Risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease among patients with herpes zoster: a nationwide longitudinal study. CNS Spectr. 2020;25(6):797\u2013802.","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"issue":"7","key":"3139_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006075","volume":"96","author":"SW Lai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lai SW, Lin CH, Lin HF, Lin CL, Lin CC, Liao KF. Herpes zoster correlates with increased risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease in older people. Medicine. 2017;96(7): e6075.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"3139_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(78)90017-5","volume":"35","author":"RJ Marttila","year":"1978","unstructured":"Marttila RJ, Rinne UK. Herpes simplex virus antibodies in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurol Sci. 1978;35(2\u20133):375\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"3139_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1978.00500340044008","volume":"35","author":"RJ Marttila","year":"1978","unstructured":"Marttila RJ, Kalimo KOK, Ziola BR, Halonen PE, Rinne UK. Herpes simplex virus subunit antibodies in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Arch Neurol. 1978;35(10):668\u201371.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(82)90184-8","volume":"54","author":"RJ Marttila","year":"1982","unstructured":"Marttila RJ, Rinne UK, Tiilikainen A. Virus antibodies in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurol Sci. 1982;54(2):227\u201338.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"6578","key":"3139_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abj8222","volume":"375","author":"K Bjornevik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bjornevik K, Cortese M, Healy BC, Kuhle J, Mina MJ, Leng Y, et al. Longitudinal analysis reveals high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus associated with multiple sclerosis. Science. 2022;375(6578):296\u2013301.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3139_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2023.106031","volume":"177","author":"Z Khalesi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khalesi Z, Tamrchi V, Razizadeh MH, Letafati A, Moradi P, Habibi A, et al. Association between human herpesviruses and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog. 2023;177: 106031.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1007\/s13337-018-0481-1","volume":"29","author":"SM Marashi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marashi SM, Mostafa A, Shoja Z, Nejati A, Shahmahmoodi S, Mollaei-Kandelous Y, et al. Human herpesvirus 8 DNA detection and variant analysis in patients with multiple sclerosis. Virusdisease. 2018;29(4):540\u20133.","journal-title":"Virusdisease"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3139_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.08.014","volume":"240","author":"ML Opsahl","year":"2006","unstructured":"Opsahl ML, Kennedy PGE. Investigating the presence of human herpesvirus 7 and 8 in multiple sclerosis and normal control brain tissue. J Neurol Sci. 2006;240(1\u20132):37\u201344.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"3139_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023067728557","volume":"18","author":"C Cermelli","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cermelli C, Vinceti M, Beretti F, Pietrini V, Nacci G, Pietrosemoli P, et al. Risk of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with seropositivity for herpesviruses and echovirus-7. Eur J Epidemiol. 2002;18:123\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.50126","volume":"6","author":"B Bohn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bohn B, Lutsey PL, Misialek JR, Walker KA, Brown CH, Hughes TM, et al. Incidence of dementia following hospitalization with infection among adults in the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study cohort. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(1): e2250126.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"3139_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029749","volume":"6","author":"F Fang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fang F, Chen H, Wirdefeldt K, Ronnevi LO, Al-Chalabi A, Peters TL, et al. Infection of the central nervous system, sepsis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(12): e29749.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9047","key":"3139_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)10149-5","volume":"349","author":"RF Itzhaki","year":"1997","unstructured":"Itzhaki RF, Lin WR, Shang D, Wilcock GK, Faragher B, Jamieson GA. Herpes simplex virus type 1 in brain and risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. The Lancet. 1997;349(9047):241\u20134.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2006.09.006","volume":"29","author":"RM Miller","year":"2008","unstructured":"Miller RM, Federoff HJ. Isoform-specific effects of ApoE on HSV immediate early gene expression and establishment of latency. Neurobiol Aging. 2008;29(1):71\u20137.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"11","key":"3139_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5383","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00006-06","volume":"80","author":"JS Burgos","year":"2006","unstructured":"Burgos JS, Ramirez C, Sastre I, Valdivieso F. Effect of apolipoprotein E on the cerebral load of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA. J Virol. 2006;80(11):5383\u20137.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"86","key":"3139_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.039735","volume":"3","author":"DM Koelle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koelle DM, Magaret A, Warren T, Schellenberg GD, Wald A. APOE genotype is associated with oral herpetic lesions but not genital or oral herpes simplex virus shedding. Sex Transm Infect. 2010;3(86):202\u20136.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220287","volume":"88","author":"DM Cairns","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cairns DM, Itzhaki RF, Kaplan DL. Potential involvement of varicella zoster virus in Alzheimer\u2019s disease via reactivation of quiescent herpes simplex virus type 1. J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis. 2022;88(3):1189\u2013200.","journal-title":"J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis"},{"issue":"19","key":"3139_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaay8828","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay8828","volume":"6","author":"DM Cairns","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cairns DM, Rouleau N, Parker RN, Walsh KG, Gehrke L, Kaplan DL. A 3D human brain\u2013like tissue model of herpes-induced Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Sci Adv. 2020;6(19):eaay8828.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"11","key":"3139_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5981","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23115981","volume":"23","author":"H Qiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qiao H, Zhao W, Guo M, Zhu L, Chen T, Wang J, et al. Cerebral organoids for modeling of HSV-1-induced-amyloid \u03b2 associated neuropathology and phenotypic rescue. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(11):5981.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"3139_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00111","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00111-19","volume":"93","author":"L D\u2019Aiuto","year":"2019","unstructured":"D\u2019Aiuto L, Bloom DC, Naciri JN, Smith A, Edwards TG, McClain L, et al. Modeling herpes simplex virus 1 infections in human central nervous system neuronal cells using two- and three-dimensional cultures derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. J Virol. 2019;93(9):e00111-e119.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"33","key":"3139_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadf5808","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf5808","volume":"9","author":"S Fruhw\u00fcrth","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fruhw\u00fcrth S, Reinert LS, \u00d6berg C, Sakr M, Henricsson M, Zetterberg H, et al. TREM2 is down-regulated by HSV1 in microglia and involved in antiviral defense in the brain. Sci Adv. 2023;9(33):eadf5808.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"3139_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmgm.2022.108143","volume":"113","author":"HC Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang HC, Zhang QX, Zhao J, Wei NN. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations studies on the protective and pathogenic roles of the amyloid-\u03b2 peptide between herpesvirus infection and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Mol Graph Model. 2022;113: 108143.","journal-title":"J Mol Graph Model"},{"key":"3139_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3407","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3407","volume":"14","author":"L Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu L, Hu C, Mei Y, Zhu M, Ye T. Effect of varicella-zoster virus infection and antiviral treatment on the risk for dementia: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Brain Behav. 2024;14:e3407.","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29701","volume":"39","author":"L Tunnicliffe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tunnicliffe L, Weil RS, Breuer J, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Smeeth L, Rentsch CT, et al. Herpes zoster and risk of incident Parkinson\u2019s disease in US veterans: a matched cohort study. Mov Disord. 2024;39(2):438\u201344.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220955","volume":"91","author":"RF Itzhaki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Itzhaki RF. COVID-19 and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: what is the connection? J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis. 2023;91(4):1273\u20136.","journal-title":"J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03252-3","volume":"24","author":"P Le Balc\u2019h","year":"2020","unstructured":"Le Balc\u2019h P, Pinceaux K, Pronier C, Seguin P, Tadi\u00e9 JM, Reizine F. Herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus reactivations among severe COVID-19 patients. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):530.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2021.01.005","volume":"51","author":"A Simonnet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Simonnet A, Engelmann I, Moreau AS, Garcia B, Six S, El Kalioubie A, et al. High incidence of Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and human-herpes virus-6 reactivations in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Infect Dis Now. 2021;51(3):296\u20139.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Now"},{"issue":"8","key":"3139_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.816098","volume":"10","author":"N Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang N, Zuo Y, Jiang L, Peng Y, Huang X, Zuo L. Epstein-barr virus and neurological diseases. Front Mol Biosci. 2022;10(8): 816098.","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.06.024","volume":"35","author":"I Carbone","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carbone I, Lazzarotto T, Ianni M, Porcellini E, Forti P, Masliah E, et al. Herpes virus in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: relation to progression of the disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2014;35(1):122\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"3139_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ascherio A, Munger KL. 99th Dahlem Conference on Infection, Inflammation and Chronic Inflammatory Disorders: Epstein\u2013Barr virus and multiple sclerosis: epidemiological evidence. Clin Exp Immunol. 2010;160(1):120\u20134.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04121.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"3139_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20640","volume":"56","author":"L Favre-Kontula","year":"2008","unstructured":"Favre-Kontula L, Rolland A, Bernasconi L, Karmirantzou M, Power C, Antonsson B, et al. GlialCAM, an immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule is expressed in glial cells of the central nervous system. Glia. 2008;56(6):633\u201345.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"9","key":"3139_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202149179","volume":"51","author":"J Menegatti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Menegatti J, Schub D, Sch\u00e4fer M, Gr\u00e4sser FA, Ruprecht K. HLA-DRB1*15:01 is a co-receptor for Epstein-Barr virus, linking genetic and environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Eur J Immunol. 2021;51(9):2348\u201350.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s40588-019-00120-9","volume":"6","author":"Q Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Q, Cohen JI. Epstein-barr virus and the human leukocyte antigen complex. Curr Clin Microbiol Rep. 2019;6(3):175\u201381.","journal-title":"Curr Clin Microbiol Rep"},{"key":"3139_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.3375","volume":"23","author":"L Yuan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yuan L, Deng C, Xue W, He Y, Wang T, Zhang J, et al. Association between HLA alleles and Epstein-Barr virus Zta-IgA serological status in healthy males from southern China. J Gene Med. 2021;23:11.","journal-title":"J Gene Med"},{"key":"3139_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103572","volume":"71","author":"JT Keane","year":"2021","unstructured":"Keane JT, Afrasiabi A, Schibeci SD, Swaminathan S, Parnell GP, Booth DR. The interaction of Epstein-Barr virus encoded transcription factor EBNA2 with multiple sclerosis risk loci is dependent on the risk genotype. EBioMedicine. 2021;71: 103572.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3139_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2005.05.002","volume":"39","author":"HC G\u00e9rard","year":"2005","unstructured":"G\u00e9rard HC, Wildt KL, Whittum-Hudson JA, Lai Z, Ager J, Hudson AP. The load of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the Alzheimer\u2019s brain varies with APOE genotype. Microb Pathog. 2005;39(1\u20132):19\u201326.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"3139_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-02027-5","volume":"17","author":"YK Feng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feng YK, Wu QL, Peng YW, Liang FY, You HJ, Feng YW, et al. Oral P. gingivalis impairs gut permeability and mediates immune responses associated with neurodegeneration in LRRK2 R1441G mice. J Neuroinflammation. 2020;17:347.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02380-7","volume":"19","author":"YC Xue","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xue YC, Liu H, Mohamud Y, Bahreyni A, Zhang J, Cashman NR, et al. Sublethal enteroviral infection exacerbates disease progression in an ALS mouse model. J Neuroinflammation. 2022;19(1):16.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2458","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-021-01084-9","volume":"18","author":"Y Young-Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Young-Xu Y, Powell EI, Zwain GM, Yazdi MT, Gui J, Shiner B. Symptomatic herpes simplex virus infection and risk of dementia in US veterans: a cohort study. Neurotherapeutics. 2021;18(4):2458\u201367.","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"6","key":"3139_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14795","volume":"28","author":"C Schnier","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schnier C, Janbek J, Williams L, Wilkinson T, Laursen TM, Waldemar G, et al. Antiherpetic medication and incident dementia: observational cohort studies in four countries. Eur J Neurol. 2021;28(6):1840\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"3139_CR169","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov ID. NCT03282916."},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032112","volume":"10","author":"DP Devanand","year":"2020","unstructured":"Devanand DP, Andrews H, Kreisl WC, Razlighi Q, Gershon A, Stern Y, et al. Antiviral therapy: valacyclovir treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (VALAD) Trial: protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, treatment trial. BMJ Open. 2020;10(2): e032112.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"3139_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00011","volume":"12","author":"YC Xue","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xue YC, Feuer R, Cashman N, Luo H. Enteroviral infection: the forgotten link to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? Front Mol Neurosci. 2018;12:11.","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"3139_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/136.7.769","volume":"136","author":"J Ramlow","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ramlow J, Alexander M, LaPorte R, Kaufmann C, Kuller L. Epidemiology of the post-polio syndrome. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;136(7):769\u201386.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"3139_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Hi Shing S, Chipika RH, Finegan E, Murray D, Hardiman O, Bede P. Post-polio Syndrome: More Than Just a Lower Motor Neuron Disease. Front Neurol. 2019;10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00773"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.1.20","volume":"54","author":"MM Berger","year":"2000","unstructured":"Berger MM, Kopp N, Vital C, Redl B, Aymard M, Lina B. Detection and cellular localization of enterovirus RNA sequences in spinal cord of patients with ALS. Neurology. 2000;54(1):20\u20135.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3109\/17482960903262083","volume":"11","author":"N Vandenberghe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vandenberghe N, Leveque N, Corcia P, Brunaud-Danel V, Salort-Campana E, Besson G, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid detection of enterovirus genome in ALS: a study of 242 patients and 354 controls. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2010;11(3):277\u201382.","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler"},{"issue":"12","key":"3139_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.12.1777","volume":"56","author":"P Giraud","year":"2001","unstructured":"Giraud P, Beaulieux F, Ono S, Shimizu N, Chazot G, Lina B. Detection of enteroviral sequences from frozen spinal cord samples of Japanese ALS patients. Neurology. 2001;56(12):1777\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6943","key":"3139_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6943.1541","volume":"308","author":"CJ Woodall","year":"1994","unstructured":"Woodall CJ, Riding MH, Graham DI, Clements GB. Sequences specific for enterovirus detected in spinal cord from patients with motor neurone disease. BMJ. 1994;308(6943):1541\u20133.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"3139_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000123258.86752.51","volume":"62","author":"WA Nix","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nix WA, Berger MM, Oberste MS, Brooks BR, McKenna-Yasek DM, Brown RH, et al. Failure to detect enterovirus in the spinal cord of ALS patients using a sensitive RT-PCR method. Neurology. 2004;62(8):1372\u20137.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(20010201)49:2<249::AID-ANA46>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"49","author":"MP Walker","year":"2001","unstructured":"Walker MP, Schlaberg R, Hays AP, Bowser R, Lipkin WI. Absence of echovirus sequences in brain and spinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Ann Neurol. 2001;49(2):249\u201353.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3139_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-8966(95)00002-5","volume":"5","author":"NR Swanson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Swanson NR, Fox SA, Mastaglia FL. Search for persistent infection with poliovirus or other enteroviruses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-motor neurone disease. Neuromusc Disord. 1995;5(6):457\u201365.","journal-title":"Neuromusc Disord."},{"issue":"9","key":"3139_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2005.01052.x","volume":"12","author":"H Kuusisto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kuusisto H, Hy\u00f6ty H, Kares S, Kinnunen E, Saarelainen M, Elovaara I. Enteroviruses and the risk of MS in the Finnish Twin Cohort. Eur J Neurol. 2005;12(9):707\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3139_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240601","volume":"15","author":"K Perlejewski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Perlejewski K, Bukowska-O\u015bko I, Rydzanicz M, Dzieci\u0105tkowski T, Zakrzewska-Pniewska B, Podlecka-Pi\u0119towska A, et al. Search for viral agents in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with multiple sclerosis using real-time PCR and metagenomics. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(10): e0240601.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"S5","key":"3139_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25784","volume":"24","author":"R Glaubius","year":"2021","unstructured":"Glaubius R, Kothegal N, Birhanu S, Jonnalagadda S, Mahiane SG, Johnson LF, et al. Disease progression and mortality with untreated HIV infection: evidence synthesis of HIV seroconverter cohorts, antiretroviral treatment clinical cohorts and population-based survey data. J Int AIDS Soc. 2021;24(S5): e25784.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"3139_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200317120-00002","volume":"17","author":"J Collazos","year":"2003","unstructured":"Collazos J. Opportunistic infections of the CNS in patients with AIDS: diagnosis and management. CNS Drugs. 2003;17(12):869\u201387.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.3.376","volume":"69","author":"M Maschke","year":"2000","unstructured":"Maschke M, Kastrup O, Esser S, Ross B, Hengge U, Hufnagel A. Incidence and prevalence of neurological disorders associated with HIV since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000;69(3):376\u201380.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"3139_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw125","volume":"62","author":"A Low","year":"2016","unstructured":"Low A, Gavriilidis G, Larke N, Lajoie MR, Drouin O, Stover J, et al. Incidence of opportunistic infections and the impact of antiretroviral therapy among hiv-infected adults in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(12):1595\u2013603.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"3139_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060679","volume":"9","author":"RF Itzhaki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Itzhaki RF. Overwhelming evidence for a major role for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) in Alzheimer\u2019s sisease (AD); underwhelming evidence against. Vaccines (Basel). 2021;9(6):679.","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"3139_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.5.1153","volume":"166","author":"SP Buchbinder","year":"1992","unstructured":"Buchbinder SP, Katz MH, Hessol NA, Liu JY, O\u2019Malley PM, Underwood R, et al. Herpes zoster and human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis. 1992;166(5):1153\u20136.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"23","key":"3139_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318200d727","volume":"75","author":"RK Heaton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Heaton RK, Clifford DB, Franklin DR, Woods SP, Ake C, Vaida F, et al. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders persist in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy: CHARTER Study. Neurology. 2010;75(23):2087\u201396.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3139_CR190","first-page":"13","volume":"31","author":"Y Zenebe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zenebe Y, Necho M, Yimam W, Akele B. Worldwide occurrence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and its associated factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry. 2022;31:13.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"3139_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1527","volume":"1","author":"F Gonz\u00e1lez-Scarano","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Scarano F, Mart\u00edn-Garc\u00eda J. The neuropathogenesis of AIDS. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005;1(5):69\u201381.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"43","key":"3139_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15647","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502548102","volume":"102","author":"PM Thompson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thompson PM, Dutton RA, Hayashi KM, Toga AW, Lopez OL, Aizenstein HJ, et al. Thinning of the cerebral cortex visualized in HIV\/AIDS reflects CD4+ T lymphocyte decline. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2005;102(43):15647\u201352.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360422","volume":"36","author":"CA Wiley","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wiley CA, Achim C. Human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis is the pathological correlate of dementia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Neurol. 1994;36(4):673\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR194","first-page":"426","volume":"73","author":"LA Wendelken","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wendelken LA, Jahanshad N, Rosen HJ, Busovaca E, Allen I, Coppola G, et al. ApoE \u03b54 is associated with cognition, brain integrity, and atrophy in HIV over age 60. JAIDS. 2016;73(4):426\u201332.","journal-title":"JAIDS"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR195","first-page":"289","volume":"76","author":"KM Clifford","year":"2017","unstructured":"Clifford KM, Samboju V, Cobigo Y, Milanini B, Marx GA, Hellmuth JM, et al. Progressive brain atrophy despite persistent viral suppression in HIV patients older than 60 years. JAIDS. 2017;76(3):289\u201397.","journal-title":"JAIDS"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"3139_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.3109\/13550280903131915","volume":"15","author":"I Everall","year":"2009","unstructured":"Everall I, Vaida F, Khanlou N, Lazzaretto D, Achim C, Letendre S, et al. Cliniconeuropathologic correlates of human immunodeficiency virus in the era of antiretroviral therapy. J Neurovirol. 2009;15(5\u20136):360\u201370.","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3139_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/64.6.529","volume":"64","author":"IC Anthony","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anthony IC, Ramage SN, Carnie FW, Simmonds P, Bell JE. Influence of HAART on HIV-related CNS disease and neuroinflammation. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2005;64(6):529\u201336.","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3139_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00070-3","volume":"15","author":"B Olsson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Olsson B, Lautner R, Andreasson U, \u00d6hrfelt A, Portelius E, Bjerke M, et al. CSF and blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15(7):673\u201384.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3139_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002506","volume":"34","author":"JA Fields","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fields JA, Swinton MK, Soontornniyomkij B, Carson A, Achim CL. Beta amyloid levels in cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-infected people vary by exposure to antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2020;34(7):1001\u20137.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"3139_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2023.105774","volume":"114","author":"F Amod","year":"2023","unstructured":"Amod F, Holla VV, Ojha R, Pandey S, Yadav R, Pal PK. A review of movement disorders in persons living with HIV. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2023;114: 105774.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(01)00108-6","volume":"1","author":"K Ahmad","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ahmad K. HIV may underlie ALS-like condition. Lancet Infect Dis. 2001;1(4):217.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"3139_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.6.1094","volume":"57","author":"DJL MacGowan","year":"2001","unstructured":"MacGowan DJL, Scelsa SN, Waldron M. An ALS-like syndrome with new HIV infection and complete response to antiretroviral therapy. Neurology. 2001;57(6):1094\u20137.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"3139_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.6.995","volume":"57","author":"A Moulignier","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moulignier A, Moulonguet A, Pialoux G, Rozenbaum W. Reversible ALS-like disorder in HIV infection. Neurology. 2001;57(6):995\u20131001.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3139_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.09.005","volume":"240","author":"A Verma","year":"2006","unstructured":"Verma A, Berger JR. ALS syndrome in patients with HIV-1 infection. J Neurol Sci. 2006;240(1\u20132):59\u201364.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.3.474","volume":"59","author":"LA Cone","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cone LA, Nazemi R, Cone MO. Reversible ALS-like disorder in HIV infection An ALS-like syndrome with new HIV infection and complete response to antiretroviral therapy. Neurology. 2002;59(3):474\u20135.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3139_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.06.006","volume":"224","author":"S Sinha","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sinha S, Mathews T, Arunodaya GR, Siddappa NB, Ranga U, Desai A, et al. HIV-1 clade-C-associated \u201cALS\u201d-like disorder: first report from India. J Neurol Sci. 2004;224(1\u20132):97\u2013100.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"3139_CR207","first-page":"515","volume":"13","author":"KS Anand","year":"2014","unstructured":"Anand KS, Wadhwa A, Garg J, Mahajan RK. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like presentation in a HIV-positive patient. JIAPAC. 2014;13(6):515\u20138.","journal-title":"JIAPAC"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hivar.2015.02.004","volume":"14","author":"AA John","year":"2015","unstructured":"John AA, Sharma S, Madhusudhan BK, Mahale R, Javali M, Srinivasa R. A rare presentation of reversible ALS in HIV infection. HIV AIDS Rev. 2015;14(3):90\u20132.","journal-title":"HIV AIDS Rev"},{"issue":"17","key":"3139_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003258","volume":"87","author":"LN Bowen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bowen LN, Tyagi R, Li W, Alfahad T, Smith B, Wright M, et al. HIV-associated motor neuron disease. Neurology. 2016;87(17):1756\u201362.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1159\/000511203","volume":"13","author":"ZA Satin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Satin ZA, Bayat E. ALS-like disorder in three HIV-positive patients: case series. Case Rep Neurol. 2021;13(1):59\u201364.","journal-title":"Case Rep Neurol"},{"key":"3139_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2020.e00994","volume":"22","author":"A Quevedo-Ramirez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Quevedo-Ramirez A, Montenegro-Idrogo JJ, Resurrecci\u00f3n-Delgado C, Salazar-Mesones B, Gallardo-Cartagena J, Cornejo-Venegas G, et al. Lateral amyotrophic sclerosis-like onset after combined antiretroviral treatment initiation. IDCases. 2020;22: e00994.","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"key":"3139_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-019-0030-4","volume":"1","author":"MI Stefanou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stefanou MI, Krumbholz M, Ziemann U, Kowarik MC. Human immunodeficiency virus and multiple sclerosis: a review of the literature. Neurol Res Pract. 2019;1:24.","journal-title":"Neurol Res Pract."},{"issue":"11","key":"3139_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02001-z","volume":"28","author":"E Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu E, Xie Y, Al-Aly Z. Long-term neurologic outcomes of COVID-19. Nat Med. 2022;28(11):2406\u201315.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"7907","key":"3139_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04569-5","volume":"604","author":"G Douaud","year":"2022","unstructured":"Douaud G, Lee S, Alfaro-Almagro F, Arthofer C, Wang C, McCarthy P, et al. SARS-CoV-2 is associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank. Nature. 2022;604(7907):697\u2013707.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3139_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101687","volume":"80","author":"J Mitra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mitra J, Kodavati M, Provasek VE, Rao KS, Mitra S, Hamilton DJ, et al. SARS-CoV-2 and the central nervous system: emerging insights into hemorrhage-associated neurological consequences and therapeutic considerations. Ageing Res Rev. 2022;80: 101687.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"3139_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Safan AS, Imam Y, Khatib MY, Wraidat M Al, Altermanini MM, Al-Mughalles SA, et al. COVID-19-associated neurological sequelae: a case series on cerebral microbleeds and encephalopathy. Qatar Med J. 2024;2023(4).","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2023.29"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01302-7","volume":"9","author":"SN Kurki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kurki SN, Kantonen J, Kaivola K, Hokkanen L, M\u00e4yr\u00e4np\u00e4\u00e4 MI, Puttonen H, et al. APOE \u03b54 associates with increased risk of severe COVID-19, cerebral microhaemorrhages and post-COVID mental fatigue: a Finnish biobank, autopsy and clinical study. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2021;9(1):199.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"3139_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.101938","volume":"41","author":"K Gkouskou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gkouskou K, Vasilogiannakopoulou T, Andreakos E, Davanos N, Gazouli M, Sanoudou D, et al. COVID-19 enters the expanding network of apolipoprotein E4-related pathologies. Redox Biol. 2021;41: 101938.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3139_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30308-2","volume":"19","author":"J Matschke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matschke J, L\u00fctgehetmann M, Hagel C, Sperhake JP, Schr\u00f6der AS, Edler C, et al. Neuropathology of patients with COVID-19 in Germany: a post-mortem case series. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19(11):919\u201329.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00758-5","volume":"24","author":"J Meinhardt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meinhardt J, Radke J, Dittmayer C, Franz J, Thomas C, Mothes R, et al. Olfactory transmucosal SARS-CoV-2 invasion as a port of central nervous system entry in individuals with COVID-19. Nat Neurosci. 2021;24(2):168\u201375.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"3139_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2011400","volume":"383","author":"VG Puelles","year":"2020","unstructured":"Puelles VG, L\u00fctgehetmann M, Lindenmeyer MT, Sperhake JP, Wong MN, Allweiss L, et al. Multiorgan and renal tropism of SARS-CoV-2. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(6):590\u20132.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"612","key":"3139_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05542-y","volume":"22","author":"SR Stein","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stein SR, Ramelli SC, Grazioli A, Chung JY, Singh M, Yinda CK, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistence in the human body and brain at autopsy. Nature. 2022;22(612):758\u201363.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3139_CR223","unstructured":"Crunfli F, Carregari VC, Veras FP, Silva LS, Nogueira MH, Antunes ASLM, et al. Morphological, cellular, and molecular basis of brain infection in COVID-19 patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2022;119(35)."},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20202135","volume":"218","author":"E Song","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song E, Zhang C, Israelow B, Lu-Culligan A, Prado AV, Skriabine S, et al. Neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 in human and mouse brain. J Exp Med. 2021;218(3): e20202135.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00270","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00270-21","volume":"6","author":"L Bauer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bauer L, Lendemeijer B, Leijten L, Embregts CWE, Rockx B, Kushner SA, et al. Replication kinetics, cell tropism, and associated immune responses in SARS-CoV-2- and H5N1 virus-infected human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural models. mSphere. 2021;6(3):e00270-e321.","journal-title":"mSphere."},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR226","first-page":"665","volume":"37","author":"CK Bullen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bullen CK. Infectability of human brainsphere neurons suggests neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2*. Altex. 2020;37(4):665\u201371.","journal-title":"Altex"},{"issue":"20","key":"3139_CR227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2020106230","volume":"39","author":"A Ramani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramani A, M\u00fcller L, Ostermann PN, Gabriel E, Abida-Islam P, M\u00fcller-Schiffmann A, et al. SARS-CoV-2 targets neurons of 3D human brain organoids. EMBO J. 2020;39(20): e106230.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"6","key":"3139_CR228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2020.09.016","volume":"27","author":"F Jacob","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jacob F, Pather SR, Huang WK, Zhang F, Wong SZH, Zhou H, et al. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural cells and brain organoids reveal SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism predominates in choroid plexus epithelium. Cell Stem Cell. 2020;27(6):937-950.e9.","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00144-23","volume":"97","author":"P Kettunen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kettunen P, Lesnikova A, R\u00e4s\u00e4nen N, Ojha R, Palmunen L, Laakso M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection of human neurons is TMPRSS2 independent, requires endosomal cell entry, and can be blocked by inhibitors of host phosphoinositol-5 kinase. J Virol. 2023;97(4): e0014423.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"3139_CR230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samudyata OAO, Malwade S, Rufino de Sousa N, Goparaju SK, Gracias J, et al. SARS-CoV-2 promotes microglial synapse elimination in human brain organoids. Mol Psychiatry. 2022;27(10):3939\u201350.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01786-2"},{"issue":"30","key":"3139_CR231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2122236119","volume":"119","author":"MG Andrews","year":"2022","unstructured":"Andrews MG, Mukhtar T, Eze UC, Simoneau CR, Ross J, Parikshak N, et al. Tropism of SARS-CoV-2 for human cortical astrocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2022;119(30): e2122236119.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"3139_CR232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0230822","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02308-22","volume":"13","author":"W Kong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kong W, Montano M, Corley MJ, Helmy E, Kobayashi H, Kinisu M, et al. Neuropilin-1 mediates SARS-CoV-2 infection of astrocytes in brain organoids, inducing inflammation leading to dysfunction and death of neurons. MBio. 2022;13(6):e0230822.","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"6","key":"3139_CR233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2020.10.001","volume":"27","author":"L Pellegrini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pellegrini L, Albecka A, Mallery DL, Kellner MJ, Paul D, Carter AP, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infects the brain choroid plexus and disrupts the blood-CSF barrier in human brain organoids. Cell Stem Cell. 2020;27(6):951-961.e5.","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"3139_CR234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeong GU, Lyu J, Kim KD, Chung YC, Yoon GY, Lee S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection of microglia elicits proinflammatory activation and apoptotic cell death. Microbiol Spectr. 2022;10(3).","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01091-22"},{"issue":"7","key":"3139_CR235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.06.002","volume":"54","author":"M Schwabenland","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schwabenland M, Sali\u00e9 H, Tanevski J, Killmer S, Lago MS, Schlaak AE, et al. Deep spatial profiling of human COVID-19 brains reveals neuroinflammation with distinct microanatomical microglia-T-cell interactions. Immunity. 2021;54(7):1594-1610.e11.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01576-9","volume":"27","author":"C Greene","year":"2024","unstructured":"Greene C, Connolly R, Brennan D, Laffan A, O\u2019Keeffe E, Zaporojan L, et al. Blood\u2013brain barrier disruption and sustained systemic inflammation in individuals with long COVID-associated cognitive impairment. Nat Neurosci. 2024;27(3):421\u201332.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"3139_CR237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2878","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01831-0","volume":"28","author":"EA Albornoz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Albornoz EA, Amarilla AA, Modhiran N, Parker S, Li XX, Wijesundara DK, et al. SARS-CoV-2 drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human microglia through spike protein. Mol Psychiatry. 2023;28(7):2878\u201393.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"3139_CR238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111573","volume":"41","author":"D Beckman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Beckman D, Bonillas A, Diniz GB, Ott S, Roh JW, Elizaldi SR, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infects neurons and induces neuroinflammation in a non-human primate model of COVID-19. Cell Rep. 2022;41(5): 111573.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2020.12.018","volume":"28","author":"C Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang C, Zhang M, Garcia G, Tian E, Cui Q, Chen X, et al. ApoE-isoform-dependent SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism and cellular response. Cell Stem Cell. 2021;28(2):331-342.e5.","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"3139_CR240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0288138","volume":"18","author":"RJ Eberle","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eberle RJ, Coronado MA, Gering I, Sommerhage S, Korostov K, Stefanski A, et al. Tau protein aggregation associated with SARS-CoV-2 main protease. PLoS ONE. 2023;18(8): e0288138.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3139_CR241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgad282","volume":"2","author":"C Di Primio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Di Primio C, Quaranta P, Mignanelli M, Siano G, Bimbati M, Scarlatti A, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection leads to Tau pathological signature in neurons. PNAS Nexus. 2023;2:9.","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus."},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.01.018","volume":"27","author":"J Miklossy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miklossy J, Kis A, Radenovic A, Miller L, Forro L, Martins R, et al. Beta-amyloid deposition and Alzheimer\u2019s type changes induced by Borrelia spirochetes. Neurobiol Aging. 2006;27(2):228\u201336.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"6","key":"3139_CR243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2004-6608","volume":"6","author":"J Miklossy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Miklossy J, Khalili K, Gern L, Ericson RL, Darekar P, Bolle L, et al. Borrelia burgdorferi persists in the brain in chronic lyme neuroborreliosis and may be associated with Alzheimer disease. J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis. 2005;6(6):639\u201349.","journal-title":"J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis"},{"key":"3139_CR244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-90","volume":"8","author":"J Miklossy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miklossy J. Alzheimer\u2019s disease - a neurospirochetosis. Analysis of the evidence following Koch\u2019s and Hill\u2019s criteria. J Neuroinflammation. 2011;8:90.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2508(97)83621-2","volume":"149","author":"M Gutacker","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gutacker M, Valsangiacomo C, Balmelli T, Bernasconi MV, Bouras C, Piffaretti JC. Arguments against the involvement of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Res Microbiol. 1998;149(1):31\u20137.","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3139_CR246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2111.150778","volume":"21","author":"JD Forrester","year":"2015","unstructured":"Forrester JD, Kugeler KJ, Perea AE, Pastula DM, Mead PS. No geographic correlation between lyme disease and death due to 4 neurodegenerative disorders, United States, 2001\u20132010. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21(11):2036\u20139.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"3139_CR247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-109-11-855","volume":"109","author":"SA Lukehart","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lukehart SA. Invasion of the central nervous system by treponema pallidum: implications for diagnosis and treatment. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109(11):855\u201362.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"96","key":"3139_CR248","first-page":"1","volume":"12","author":"S Mehrabian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mehrabian S, Raycheva M, Traykova M, Stankova T, Penev L, Grigorova O, et al. Neurosyphilis with dementia and bilateral hippocampal atrophy on brain magnetic resonance imaging. BMC Neurol. 2012;12(96):1\u20135.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3139_CR249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13571","volume":"63","author":"A Rao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rao A, Khan A, Singh K, Anderson DL, Malone ML. Neurosyphilis: an uncommon cause of dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(8):1710\u20132.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"2B","key":"3139_CR250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2000000300029","volume":"58","author":"AP Vargas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vargas AP, Carod-Artal FJ, Del Negro MC, Rodrigues MPC. Dem\u00eancia por neuross\u00edfilis: evolu\u00e7\u00e3o cl\u00ednica e neuropsicol\u00f3gica de um paciente. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2000;58(2B):578\u201382.","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcp.2018.10.004","volume":"49","author":"CA Cassiani-Miranda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cassiani-Miranda CA, Chen X. Neurocognitive disorder due to neurosyphilis: a case report. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2020;49(3):202\u20137.","journal-title":"Rev Colomb Psiquiatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"3139_CR252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-013-1531-5","volume":"34","author":"A Stefani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stefani A, Riello M, Rossini F, Mariotto S, Fenzi F, Gambina G, et al. Neurosyphilis manifesting with rapidly progressive dementia: report of three cases. Neurol Sci. 2013;34(11):2027\u201330.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E39","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.13020036","volume":"26","author":"ZB Tatar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tatar ZB, Cansiz A, K\u00f6ksal A, Kurt E. A case of neurosyphilis presenting with dementia and psychiatric symptoms. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2014;26(1):E39-40.","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1590\/S1980-57642010DN40400014","volume":"4","author":"R Nitrini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nitrini R, de Paiva ARB, Takada LT, Brucki SMD. Did you rule out neurosyphilis? Dement Neuropsychol. 2010;4(4):338\u201345.","journal-title":"Dement Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"3139_CR255","first-page":"236","volume":"127","author":"DM Pavlovi\u0107","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pavlovi\u0107 DM, Milovi\u0107 AM. Clinical characteristics and therapy of neurosyphilis in patients who are negative for human immunodeficiency virus. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 1999;127(7\u20138):236\u201340.","journal-title":"Srp Arh Celok Lek"},{"key":"3139_CR256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukku S, Safal S, Pritam R, Nashi S, Nagarathna C, PT S, et al. Neurosyphilis presenting as rapidly progressive psychosis & dementia\u2014a forgotten entity. Asian J Psychiatr. 2019 Feb;40:103\u20136.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2019.02.010"},{"key":"3139_CR257","unstructured":"Paviolo JP, Imbach MC, Nocenti ZA, Durand BL. [Rapidly progressive dementia due to neurosyphilis (general paralysis). A treatable case of dementia]. Medicina (B Aires). 2020;80(4):401\u20134."},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.5350\/DAJPN2011240208","volume":"24","author":"S \u00d6zselek","year":"2011","unstructured":"\u00d6zselek S, Erdem M, Uzun \u00d6, Il\u0131ca AT, \u00d6z\u015fahin A. A neurosyphilis case presenting with dementia. Dusunen Adam. 2011;24(2):145\u20138.","journal-title":"Dusunen Adam"},{"issue":"76","key":"3139_CR259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.07.022","volume":"3","author":"A Bla\u017eekovi\u0107","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bla\u017eekovi\u0107 A, Ozreti\u0107 D, Habek M, Bili\u0107 E, Borove\u010dki F. Neurosyphilis: The shape of a rising threat. Int J Infect Dis. 2018;3(76):1\u20133.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"3139_CR260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12680","volume":"22","author":"X Luo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Luo X, Shi H, Hou L, Zhong X, Chen X, Zhang Y, et al. Different cerebrospinal fluid levels of Alzheimer-type biomarker A\u03b242 between general paresis and asymptomatic neurosyphilis. Eur J Neurol. 2015;22(5):853\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"3139_CR261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryan C, Shaw P, Shorey P. P120\u2005A case of syphilitic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)? In: Posters. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd; 2023. p. A81.2-A82.","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-BASHH-2023.159"},{"key":"3139_CR262","unstructured":"el Alaoui-Faris M, Medejel A, al Zemmouri K, Yahyaoui M, Chkili T. [Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis syndrome of syphilitic origin. 5 cases]. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1990;146(1):41\u20134."},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.3109\/17482968.2012.727425","volume":"14","author":"M Chraa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chraa M, Mebrouk Y, McCaughey C, Kissani N. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mimic syndrome due to neurosyphilis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener. 2013;14(3):234.","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener"},{"key":"3139_CR264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuk B. Syphilis may be a confounding factor, not a causative agent, in syphilitic ALS. F1000Res. 2016;5:1904.","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.9318.1"},{"issue":"5","key":"3139_CR265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1990.00530050110021","volume":"47","author":"JJ Halperin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Halperin JJ, Kaplan GP, Brazinsky S, Tsai TF, Cheng T, Ironside A, et al. Immunologic reactivity against Borrelia burgdorferi in patients with motor neuron disease. Arch Neurol. 1990;47(5):586\u201394.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21438","volume":"40","author":"M Qureshi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Qureshi M, Bedlack RS, Cudkowicz ME. Lyme disease serology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve. 2009;40(4):626\u20138.","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198901263200419","volume":"320","author":"H Mandell","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mandell H, Steere AC, Reinhardt BN, Yoshinari N, Munsat TL, Brod SA, et al. Lack of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 1989;320(4):255\u20136.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-195401000-00018","volume":"13","author":"G Steiner","year":"1954","unstructured":"Steiner G. Morphology of Spirochaeta myelophthora in multiple sclerosis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1954;13(1):221\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"3139_CR269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.04.002","volume":"103","author":"CS Chu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chu CS, Liang CS, Tsai SJ, Bai YM, Su TP, Chen TJ, et al. Bacterial pneumonia and subsequent dementia risk: a nationwide cohort study. Brain Behav Immun. 2022;103:12\u20138.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"5","key":"3139_CR270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000123","volume":"42","author":"JA Tate","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tate JA, Snitz BE, Alvarez KA, Nahin RL, Weissfeld LA, Lopez O, et al. Infection hospitalization increases risk of dementia in the elderly*. Crit Care Med. 2014;42(5):1037\u201346.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2006.00154.x","volume":"48","author":"HC G\u00e9rard","year":"2006","unstructured":"G\u00e9rard HC, Dreses-Werringloer U, Wildt KS, Deka S, Oszust C, Balin BJ, et al. Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae in the Alzheimer\u2019s brain. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2006;48(3):355\u201366.","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"3139_CR272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s004300050071","volume":"187","author":"BJ Balin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Balin BJ, G\u00e9rard HC, Arking EJ, Appelt DM, Branigan PJ, Abrams JT, et al. Identification and localization of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the Alzheimer\u2019s brain. Med Microbiol Immunol. 1998;187:23\u201342.","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-03940-z","volume":"23","author":"H J\u00e4rvinen","year":"2023","unstructured":"J\u00e4rvinen H, Tolppanen AM, Hartikainen S. Risk factors of pneumonia in persons with and without Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a matched cohort study. BMC Geriatr. 2023;23(1):227.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0213825","volume":"14","author":"T Manabe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manabe T, Fujikura Y, Mizukami K, Akatsu H, Kudo K. Pneumonia-associated death in patients with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(3): e0213825.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"12","key":"3139_CR275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06749-9","volume":"17","author":"A Chacko","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chacko A, Delbaz A, Walkden H, Basu S, Armitage CW, Eindorf T, et al. Chlamydia pneumoniae can infect the central nervous system via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves and contributes to Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk. Sci Rep. 2022;17(12):2759.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"3139_CR276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4670","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00319-11","volume":"55","author":"T Rossignol","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rossignol T, Kelly B, Dobson C, d\u2019Enfert C. Endocytosis-mediated vacuolar accumulation of the human ApoE apolipoprotein-derived ApoEdpL-W antimicrobial peptide contributes to its antifungal activity in Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;55(10):4670\u201381.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"3139_CR277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlr.2021.100086","volume":"62","author":"G Petruk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Petruk G, Elv\u00e9n M, Hartman E, Davoudi M, Schmidtchen A, Puthia M, et al. The role of full-length apoE in clearance of Gram-negative bacteria and their endotoxins. J Lipid Res. 2021;62: 100086.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"3139_CR278","first-page":"237","volume":"7","author":"RA Porritt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Porritt RA, Crother TR. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and inflammatory diseases. For Immunopathol Dis Therap. 2016;7(3\u20134):237\u201354.","journal-title":"For Immunopathol Dis Therap"},{"issue":"5","key":"3139_CR279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.4103\/1119-3077.154215","volume":"18","author":"Y Turkel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Turkel Y, Dag E, Gunes H, Apan T, Yoldas T. Is there a relationship between Parkinson\u2032s disease and Chlamydia pneumoniae? Niger J Clin Pract. 2015;18(5):612\u20135.","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"3139_CR280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15015","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15015","volume":"15","author":"D Pisa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pisa D, Alonso R, R\u00e1bano A, Rodal I, Carrasco L. Different brain regions are infected with fungi in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Sci Rep. 2015;15(5):15015.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"3139_CR281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-2045-z","volume":"33","author":"R Alonso","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alonso R, Pisa D, R\u00e1bano A, Carrasco L. Alzheimer\u2019s disease and disseminated mycoses. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014;33(7):1125\u201332.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"3139_CR282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igac059.002","volume":"6","author":"A Yashkin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yashkin A, Akushevich I, Yashin A, Gorbunova G, Ukraintseva S. Fungal infections, use of antifungal agents, and the tisk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Innov Aging. 2022;6(Supplement 1):1\u20132.","journal-title":"Innov Aging"},{"key":"3139_CR283","unstructured":"https:\/\/data.cms.gov\/infographic\/medicare-beneficiaries-at-a-glance [Internet]. 2024. https:\/\/data.cms.gov\/infographic\/medicare-beneficiaries-at-a-glance."},{"issue":"7","key":"3139_CR284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.42257","volume":"16","author":"D Pisa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pisa D, Alonso R, Carrasco L. Parkinson\u2019s disease: a comprehensive analysis of fungi and bacteria in brain tissue. Int J Biol Sci. 2020;16(7):1135\u201352.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"3139_CR285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.09.001","volume":"108","author":"R Alonso","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alonso R, Pisa D, Fern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez AM, R\u00e1bano A, Carrasco L. Fungal infection in neural tissue of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis. 2017;108:249\u201360.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"3139_CR286","first-page":"13","volume":"26","author":"R Alonso","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alonso R, Pisa D, Carrasco L. Searching for bacteria in neural tissue from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Neurosci. 2019;26:13.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"3139_CR287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.05.022","volume":"117","author":"R Alonso","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alonso R, Fern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez AM, Pisa D, Carrasco L. Multiple sclerosis and mixed microbial infections. Direct identification of fungi and bacteria in nervous tissue. Neurobiol Dis. 2018;117:42\u201361.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"3139_CR288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1810-8","volume":"32","author":"D Pisa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pisa D, Alonso R, Jim\u00e9nez-Jim\u00e9nez FJ, Carrasco L. Fungal infection in cerebrospinal fluid from some patients with multiple sclerosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013;32(6):795\u2013801.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.2174\/1874437000802010022","volume":"2","author":"M Ramos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ramos M, Pisa D, Molina S, Rabano A, Juarranz A, Carrasco L. Fungal infection in patients with multiple sclerosis. Open Mycol J. 2008;2(1):22\u20138.","journal-title":"Open Mycol J"},{"issue":"9","key":"3139_CR290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-0979-y","volume":"29","author":"J Benito-Le\u00f3n","year":"2010","unstructured":"Benito-Le\u00f3n J, Pisa D, Alonso R, Calleja P, D\u00edaz-S\u00e1nchez M, Carrasco L. Association between multiple sclerosis and Candida species: evidence from a case-control study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2010;29(9):1139\u201345.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07991-4","volume":"10","author":"Y Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu Y, Du S, Johnson JL, Tung HY, Landers CT, Liu Y, et al. Microglia and amyloid precursor protein coordinate control of transient Candida cerebritis with memory deficits. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):58.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009505","volume":"5","author":"SJ Soscia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Soscia SJ, Kirby JE, Washicosky KJ, Tucker SM, Ingelsson M, Hyman B, et al. The Alzheimer\u2019s disease-associated amyloid \u03b2-protein is an antimicrobial peptide. PLoS ONE. 2010;5(3): e9505.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780410001657135","volume":"42","author":"AG Vonk","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vonk AG, De Bont N, Netea MG, Demacker PNM, van der Meer JWM, Stalenhoef AFH, et al. Apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice exhibit an increased susceptibility to disseminated candidiasis. Med Mycol. 2004;42(4):341\u20138.","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3139_CR294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2010.02.012","volume":"82","author":"CB Purzycki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Purzycki CB, Shain DH. Fungal toxins and multiple sclerosis: a compelling connection. Brain Res Bull. 2010;82(1\u20132):4\u20136.","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"3139_CR295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/635052","volume":"2015","author":"TFC Fraga-Silva","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fraga-Silva TFC, Mimura LAN, Marchetti CM, Chiuso-Minicucci F, Fran\u00e7a TGD, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, et al. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development is aggravated by candida albicans infection. J Immunol Res. 2015;2015:1\u201311.","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s12550-018-0320-7","volume":"34","author":"R Patel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patel R, Hossain MA, German N, Al-Ahmad AJ. Gliotoxin penetrates and impairs the integrity of the human blood-brain barrier in vitro. Mycotoxin Res. 2018;34(4):257\u201368.","journal-title":"Mycotoxin Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"3139_CR297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e07151","volume":"7","author":"T Nayeri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nayeri T, Sarvi S, Sharif M, Daryani A. Toxoplasma gondii: a possible etiologic agent for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Heliyon. 2021;7(6): e07151.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04928-7","volume":"14","author":"HY Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang HY, Chien WC, Chung CH, Su RY, Lai CY, Yang CC, et al. Risk of dementia in patients with toxoplasmosis: a nationwide, population-based cohort study in Taiwan. Parasit Vectors. 2021;14(1):435.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"3139_CR299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103751","volume":"137","author":"T Nayeri Chegeni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nayeri Chegeni T, Sarvi S, Moosazadeh M, Sharif M, Aghayan SA, Amouei A, et al. Is Toxoplasma gondii a potential risk factor for Alzheimer\u2019s disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog. 2019;137: 103751.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-015-0262-6","volume":"39","author":"H Mahmoudvand","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mahmoudvand H, Ziaali N, Ghazvini H, Shojaee S, Keshavarz H, Esmaeilpour K, et al. Toxoplasma gondii infection promotes neuroinflammation through cytokine networks and induced hyperalgesia in BALB\/c mice. Inflammation. 2016;39(1):405\u201312.","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2011.05.015","volume":"128","author":"GP Brand\u00e3o","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brand\u00e3o GP, Melo MN, Caetano BC, Carneiro CM, Silva LA, Vitor RWA. Susceptibility to re-infection in C57BL\/6 mice with recombinant strains of Toxoplasma gondii. Exp Parasitol. 2011;128(4):433\u20137.","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033312","volume":"7","author":"BK Jung","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jung BK, Pyo KH, Shin KY, Hwang YS, Lim H, Lee SJ, et al. Toxoplasma gondii Infection in the brain inhibits neuronal degeneration and learning and memory impairments in a murine model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(3): e33312.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-016-0293-8","volume":"4","author":"L M\u00f6hle","year":"2016","unstructured":"M\u00f6hle L, Israel N, Paarmann K, Krohn M, Pietkiewicz S, M\u00fcller A, et al. Chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection enhances \u03b2-amyloid phagocytosis and clearance by recruited monocytes. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2016;4(1):25.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"issue":"12","key":"3139_CR304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4251","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15055","volume":"28","author":"CE Cicero","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cicero CE, Allibrio FE, Giuliano L, Luna J, Preux P, Nicoletti A. Toxoplasma gondii and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Neurol. 2021;28(12):4251\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18855","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75830-y","volume":"10","author":"A Nicoletti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nicoletti A, Cicero CE, Giuliano L, Todaro V, Lo Fermo S, Chisari C, et al. Toxoplasma gondii and multiple sclerosis: a population-based case\u2013control study. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):18855.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"285","key":"3139_CR306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2015.05.011","volume":"15","author":"F Stascheit","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stascheit F, Paul F, Harms L, Rosche B. Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity is negatively associated with multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol. 2015;15(285):119\u201324.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"3139_CR307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2017.04.004","volume":"15","author":"A Koskderelioglu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koskderelioglu A, Afsar I, Pektas B, Gedizlioglu M. Is Toxoplasma gondii infection protective against multiple sclerosis risk? Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2017;15:7\u201310.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"3139_CR308","first-page":"9","volume":"16","author":"TS Lima","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lima TS, Lodoen MB. Mechanisms of human innate immune evasion by Toxoplasma gondii. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019;16:9.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"3139_CR309","first-page":"11","volume":"24","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Cui C, Ma X, Luo W, Zheng SG, Qiu W. Nuclear factor \u03baB (NF-\u03baB)\u2013mediated inflammation in multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol. 2020;24:11.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3139_CR310","first-page":"6","volume":"29","author":"G Arellano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arellano G, Ottum PA, Reyes LI, Burgos PI, Naves R. Stage-specific role of interferon-gamma in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol. 2015;29:6.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3139_CR311","first-page":"13","volume":"21","author":"K Nagai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nagai K, Goto Y. Parasitomimetics: can we utilize parasite-derived immunomodulatory molecules for interventions to immunological disorders? Front Immunol. 2022;21:13.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3139_CR312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2006.00879.x","volume":"28","author":"P Zaccone","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zaccone P, Fehervari Z, Phillips JM, Dunne DW, Cooke A. Parasitic worms and inflammatory diseases. Parasite Immunol. 2006;28(10):515\u201323.","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3139_CR313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.3390\/v11080762","volume":"11","author":"MK Smatti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smatti MK, Cyprian FS, Nasrallah GK, Al Thani AA, Almishal RO, Yassine HM. Viruses and autoimmunity: a review on the potential interaction and molecular mechanisms. Viruses. 2019;11(8):762.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR314","first-page":"58","volume":"13","author":"S Oru\u00e7","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oru\u00e7 S, Karakaya F, Demirbas H, \u00c7e\u00e7en \u0130, K\u00fcsbeci \u00d6Y, Miman \u00d6, et al. Relationship of Toxoplasma gondii exposure with multiple sclerosis. Electron J Gen Med. 2016;13(1):58\u201363.","journal-title":"Electron J Gen Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105090","DOI":"10.5812\/modernc.105090","volume":"17","author":"M Rahnama","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rahnama M, Asgari Q, Petramfar P, Tasa D, Hemati V, Solgi R. The role of toxoplasma gondii infection among multiple sclerosis patient compared to ordinary people in south of Iran: a case-control study. Modern Care J. 2020;17(3):105090.","journal-title":"Modern Care J"},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR316","first-page":"165","volume":"18","author":"M Shahra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shahra M, Keshavarz H, Sahraeian MA, Shojaee S, Heidari A, Alimi R, et al. Associations between Toxoplasma gondii infection and multiple sclerosis: a case-control seroprevalence study. Iran J Parasitol. 2023;18(2):165\u201371.","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"key":"3139_CR317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104871","volume":"78","author":"G Sevimligul","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sevimligul G, Polat ZA, Gokce SF. Toxoplasma gondii and multiple sclerosis: a population-based case-control seroprevalence study, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2023;78: 104871.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-181327","volume":"8","author":"DJ McGee","year":"2018","unstructured":"McGee DJ, Lu XH, Disbrow EA. Stomaching the possibility of a pathogenic role for Helicobacter pylori in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Parkinsons Dis. 2018;8(3):367\u201374.","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.12.009","volume":"21","author":"AH Tan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tan AH, Mahadeva S, Marras C, Thalha AM, Kiew CK, Yeat CM, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with worse severity of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2015;21(3):221\u20135.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2016.12.2.147","volume":"12","author":"G \u00c7amc\u0131","year":"2016","unstructured":"\u00c7amc\u0131 G, O\u011fuz S. Association between Parkinson\u2019s disease and Helicobacter Pylori. J Clin Neurol. 2016;12(2):147\u201350.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"18","key":"3139_CR321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22571","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203571","volume":"13","author":"NY Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu NY, Sun JH, Jiang XF, Li H. Helicobacter pylori infection and risk for developing dementia: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies. Aging. 2021;13(18):22571\u201387.","journal-title":"Aging"},{"issue":"7","key":"3139_CR322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12103","volume":"20","author":"J-J Sheu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sheu J-J, Lin H-C. Association between multiple sclerosis and chronic periodontitis: a population-based pilot study. Eur J Neurol. 2013;20(7):1053\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3139_CR323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11071832","volume":"11","author":"D Visentin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Visentin D, Gobin I, Maglica \u017d. Periodontal pathogens and their links to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Microorganisms. 2023;11(7):1832.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3139_CR324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1159\/000517613","volume":"21","author":"C Parra-Cantu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Parra-Cantu C, Zaldivar-Ruenes A, Martinez-Vazquez M, Martinez HR. Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms, severity of dysphagia, and their correlation with severity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a Mexican cohort. Neurodegener Dis. 2021;21(1\u20132):42\u20137.","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13537","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13601-y","volume":"7","author":"NM Vogt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vogt NM, Kerby RL, Dill-McFarland KA, Harding SJ, Merluzzi AP, Johnson SC, et al. Gut microbiome alterations in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):13537.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"18","key":"3139_CR326","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13443","volume":"5","author":"J Rowin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rowin J, Xia Y, Jung B, Sun J. Gut inflammation and dysbiosis in human motor neuron disease. Physiol Rep. 2017;5(18): e13443.","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"issue":"700","key":"3139_CR327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabo2984","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abo2984","volume":"15","author":"AL Ferreiro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ferreiro AL, Choi J, Ryou J, Newcomer EP, Thompson R, Bollinger RM, et al. Gut microbiome composition may be an indicator of preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Sci Transl Med. 2023;15(700):eabo2984.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR328","first-page":"003","volume":"1","author":"DA Steenblock","year":"2018","unstructured":"Steenblock DA, Ikrar T, San Antonio AS, Wardaningsih E, Azizi MJ. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) linked to intestinal microbiota dysbiosis & systemic microbial infection in human patients: a cross-sectional clinical study. Int J Neurodegener Dis. 2018;1(1):003.","journal-title":"Int J Neurodegener Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15040942","volume":"15","author":"C Altieri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Altieri C, Speranza B, Corbo MR, Sinigaglia M, Bevilacqua A. Gut-microbiota, and multiple sclerosis: background, evidence, and perspectives. Nutrients. 2023;15(4):942.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-022-01148-1","volume":"15","author":"F Thirion","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thirion F, Sellebjerg F, Fan Y, Lyu L, Hansen TH, Pons N, et al. The gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis varies with disease activity. Genome Med. 2023;15(1):1.","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"3139_CR331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103798","volume":"76","author":"C Cantoni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cantoni C, Lin Q, Dorsett Y, Ghezzi L, Liu Z, Pan Y, et al. Alterations of host-gut microbiome interactions in multiple sclerosis. EBioMedicine. 2022;76: 103798.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"37","key":"3139_CR332","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.101427","volume":"2","author":"A Mirza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mirza A, Forbes JD, Zhu F, Bernstein CN, Van Domselaar G, Graham M, et al. The multiple sclerosis gut microbiota: a systematic review. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020;2(37): 101427.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"19","key":"3139_CR333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.08.021","volume":"185","author":"X Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou X, Baumann R, Gao X, Mendoza M, Singh S, Katz Sand I, et al. Gut microbiome of multiple sclerosis patients and paired household healthy controls reveal associations with disease risk and course. Cell. 2022;185(19):3467-3486.e16.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"3139_CR334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205019666220617121255","volume":"19","author":"M Sohrabi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sohrabi M, Sahu B, Kaur H, Hasler WA, Prakash A, Combs CK. Gastrointestinal changes and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2022;19(5):335\u201350.","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-022-00224-8","volume":"42","author":"AM Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park AM, Tsunoda I. Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach induces neuroinflammation: the potential roles of bacterial outer membrane vesicles in an animal model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Inflamm Regen. 2022;42(1):39.","journal-title":"Inflamm Regen"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-017-0110-7","volume":"15","author":"Y Ding","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ding Y, Ren J, Yu H, Yu W, Zhou Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontitis causing bacterium, induces memory impairment and age-dependent neuroinflammation in mice. Immun Ageing. 2018;15(1):6.","journal-title":"Immun Ageing"},{"issue":"5","key":"3139_CR337","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2002.73.5.511","volume":"73","author":"L Shapira","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shapira L, Ayalon S, Brenner T. Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis on the central nervous system: activation of glial cells and exacerbation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Periodontol. 2002;73(5):511\u20136.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR338","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345221128202","volume":"102","author":"LJ Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou LJ, Lin WZ, Liu T, Chen BY, Meng XQ, Li YL, et al. Oral pathobionts promote MS-like symptoms in mice. J Dent Res. 2023;102(2):217\u201326.","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12040657","volume":"12","author":"E Fock","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fock E, Parnova R. Mechanisms of blood-brain barrier protection by microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids. Cells. 2023;12(4):657.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"3139_CR340","first-page":"11","volume":"31","author":"YP Silva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Silva YP, Bernardi A, Frozza RL. The role of short-chain fatty acids from gut microbiota in gut-brain communication. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;31:11.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"10","key":"3139_CR341","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26307","volume":"30","author":"A Keshavarzian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Keshavarzian A, Green SJ, Engen PA, Voigt RM, Naqib A, Forsyth CB, et al. Colonic bacterial composition in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord. 2015;30(10):1351\u201360.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"3139_CR342","first-page":"11","volume":"7","author":"M Saresella","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saresella M, Marventano I, Barone M, La Rosa F, Piancone F, Mendozzi L, et al. Alterations in circulating fatty acid are associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation in multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol. 2020;7:11.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-022-00215-y","volume":"15","author":"S Lei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lei S, Li J, Yu J, Li F, Pan Y, Chen X, et al. Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteremia increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier via the Mfsd2a\/Caveolin-1 mediated transcytosis pathway. Int J Oral Sci. 2023;15(1):3.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"3139_CR344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2022.105282","volume":"154","author":"S Nonaka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nonaka S, Kadowaki T, Nakanishi H. Secreted gingipains from Porphyromonas gingivalis increase permeability in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells through intracellular degradation of tight junction proteins. Neurochem Int. 2022;154: 105282.","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-121918","volume":"36","author":"S Poole","year":"2013","unstructured":"Poole S, Singhrao SK, Kesavalu L, Curtis MA, Crean S. Determining the presence of periodontopathic virulence factors in short-term postmortem Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain tissue. J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis. 2013;36(4):665\u201377.","journal-title":"J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR346","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s40496-022-00319-8","volume":"9","author":"MI Ryder","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ryder MI. The link between periodontitis and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: reality or yet another association. Curr Oral Health Rep. 2022;9(4):157\u201366.","journal-title":"Curr Oral Health Rep"},{"key":"3139_CR347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau3333","author":"SS Dominy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dominy SS, Lynch C, Ermini F, Benedyk M, Marczyk A, Konradi A, et al. Porphyromonas gingivali in Alzheimer\u2019s disease brains: evidence for disease causation and treatment with small-molecule inhibitors. Sci Adv. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aau3333.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"S9","key":"3139_CR348","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.040578","volume":"16","author":"D Raha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Raha D, Broce S, Haditsch U, Rodriguez L, Ermini F, Detke M, et al. COR388, a novel gingipain inhibitor, decreases fragmentation of APOE in the central nervous system of Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients. Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia. 2020;16(S9): e040578.","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia"},{"issue":"11","key":"3139_CR349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03944-2","volume":"39","author":"I Olsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Olsen I, Kell DB, Pretorius E. Is Porphyromonas gingivalis involved in Parkinson\u2019s disease? Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020;39(11):2013\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"3139_CR350","first-page":"13","volume":"26","author":"D Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li D, Ren T, Li H, Liao G, Zhang X. Porphyromonas gingivalis: a key role in Parkinson\u2019s disease with cognitive impairment? Front Neurol. 2022;26:13.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"3139_CR351","first-page":"11","volume":"27","author":"B Adams","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adams B, Nunes JM, Page MJ, Roberts T, Carr J, Nell TA, et al. Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systemic inflammatory disease accompanied by bacterial inflammagens. Front Aging Neurosci. 2019;27:11.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"25","key":"3139_CR352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03764-w","volume":"20","author":"MJF Costa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Costa MJF, de Ara\u00fajo IDT, da Rocha AL, da Silva RL, dos Santos CP, Borges BCD, et al. Relationship of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review of pre-clinical studies. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;20(25):797\u2013806.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"3139_CR353","first-page":"10","volume":"24","author":"E Storelli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Storelli E, Cassina N, Rasini E, Marino F, Cosentino M. Do Th17 lymphocytes and IL-17 contribute to Parkinson\u2019s disease? A systematic review of available evidence. Front Neurol. 2019;24:10.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3139_CR354","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011743","volume":"19","author":"JY Ha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ha JY, Seok J, Kim SJ, Jung HJ, Ryu KY, Nakamura M, et al. Periodontitis promotes bacterial extracellular vesicle-induced neuroinflammation in the brain and trigeminal ganglion. PLoS Pathog. 2023;19(10): e1011743.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"9","key":"3139_CR355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e19607","volume":"9","author":"M Noori","year":"2023","unstructured":"Noori M, Mahboobi R, Nabavi-Rad A, Jamshidizadeh S, Fakharian F, Yadegar A, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection contributes to the expression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease-associated risk factors and neuroinflammation. Heliyon. 2023;9(9): e19607.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12306","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12306","volume":"12","author":"J Xie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xie J, Cools L, Van Imschoot G, Van Wonterghem E, Pauwels MJ, Vlaeminck I, et al. Helicobacter pylori-derived outer membrane vesicles contribute to Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis via C3\u2013C3aR signalling. J Extracell Vesicles. 2023;12(2):e12306.","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles."},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR357","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.06.030","volume":"99","author":"WA Eimer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eimer WA, Vijaya Kumar DK, Navalpur Shanmugam NK, Rodriguez AS, Mitchell T, Washicosky KJ, et al. Alzheimer\u2019s disease-associated \u03b2-amyloid is rapidly seeded by herpesviridae to protect against brain infection. Neuron. 2018;99(1):56-63.e3.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"16","key":"3139_CR358","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-014-9538-8","volume":"7","author":"K Bourgade","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bourgade K, Garneau H, Giroux G, Le Page AY, Bocti C, Dupuis G, et al. \u03b2-Amyloid peptides display protective activity against the human Alzheimer\u2019s disease-associated herpes simplex virus-1. Biogerontology. 2015;7(16):85\u201398.","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR359","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.100845","volume":"297","author":"O Bocharova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bocharova O, Pandit NP, Molesworth K, Fisher A, Mychko O, Makarava N, et al. Alzheimer\u2019s disease-associated \u03b2-amyloid does not protect against herpes simplex virus 1 infection in the mouse brain. J Biol Chem. 2021;297(1): 100845.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4265\/bio.13.49","volume":"13","author":"N Kobayashi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kobayashi N, Masuda J, Kudoh J, Shimizu N, Yoshida T. Binding sites on tau protein as components for antimicrobial peptides. Biocontrol Sci. 2008;13(2):49\u201356.","journal-title":"Biocontrol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR361","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220486","volume":"89","author":"S Kanagasingam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kanagasingam S, von Ruhland C, Welbury R, Singhrao SK. Antimicrobial, polarizing light, and paired helical filament properties of fragmented tau peptides of selected putative gingipains. J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis. 2022;89(4):1279\u201391.","journal-title":"J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.110090","volume":"38","author":"MM Alam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alam MM, Yang D, Li XQ, Liu J, Back TC, Trivett A, et al. Alpha synuclein, the culprit in Parkinson disease, is required for normal immune function. Cell Rep. 2022;38(2): 110090.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"3139_CR363","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013250","volume":"5","author":"L Liu-Yesucevitz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu-Yesucevitz L, Bilgutay A, Zhang YJ, Vanderwyde T, Citro A, Mehta T, et al. Tar DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43) associates with stress granules: analysis of cultured cells and pathological brain tissue. PLoS ONE. 2010;5(10): e13250.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"3139_CR364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24395","volume":"228","author":"RRK Sama","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sama RRK, Ward CL, Kaushansky LJ, Lemay N, Ishigaki S, Urano F, et al. FUS\/TLS assembles into stress granules and is a prosurvival factor during hyperosmolar stress. J Cell Physiol. 2013;228(11):2222\u201331.","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3139_CR365","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.63","volume":"17","author":"C McCormick","year":"2017","unstructured":"McCormick C, Khaperskyy DA. Translation inhibition and stress granules in the antiviral immune response. Nat Rev Immunol. 2017;17(10):647\u201360.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3139_CR366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2015.58","volume":"22","author":"G Fung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fung G, Shi J, Deng H, Hou J, Wang C, Hong A, et al. Cytoplasmic translocation, aggregation, and cleavage of TDP-43 by enteroviral proteases modulate viral pathogenesis. Cell Death Differ. 2015;22(12):2087\u201397.","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"issue":"12","key":"3139_CR367","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00304","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00304-21","volume":"95","author":"YC Xue","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xue YC, Ng CS, Mohamud Y, Fung G, Liu H, Bahreyni A, et al. FUS\/TLS suppresses enterovirus replication and promotes antiviral innate immune responses. J Virol. 2021;95(12):e00304-e321.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"13","key":"3139_CR368","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.11.094","volume":"29","author":"TA Shelkovnikova","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shelkovnikova TA, An H, Skelt L, Tregoning JS, Humphreys IR, Buchman VL. Antiviral immune response as a trigger of FUS proteinopathy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cell Rep. 2019;29(13):4496-4508.e4.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"3139_CR369","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.108976","volume":"35","author":"W Dunker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dunker W, Ye X, Zhao Y, Liu L, Richardson A, Karijolich J. TDP-43 prevents endogenous RNAs from triggering a lethal RIG-I-dependent interferon response. Cell Rep. 2021;35(2): 108976.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"16","key":"3139_CR370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eade1282","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ade1282","volume":"9","author":"A Licht-Murava","year":"2023","unstructured":"Licht-Murava A, Meadows SM, Palaguachi F, Song SC, Jackvony S, Bram Y, et al. Astrocytic TDP-43 dysregulation impairs memory by modulating antiviral pathways and interferon-inducible chemokines. Sci Adv. 2023;9(16):eade1282.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR371","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-02044-4","volume":"17","author":"JR Cabrera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cabrera JR, Rodr\u00edguez-Izquierdo I, Jim\u00e9nez JL, Mu\u00f1oz-Fern\u00e1ndez M\u00c1. Analysis of ALS-related proteins during herpes simplex virus-2 latent infection. J Neuroinflammation. 2020;17(1):371.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"9","key":"3139_CR372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-0353-1","volume":"15","author":"SW Choi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Choi SW, Mak TSH, O\u2019Reilly PF. Tutorial: a guide to performing polygenic risk score analyses. Nat Protoc. 2020;15(9):2759\u201372.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"3139_CR373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro928","volume":"2","author":"LO Bakaletz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bakaletz LO. Developing animal models for polymicrobial diseases. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2004;2(7):552\u201368.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3139_CR374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.3309","volume":"39","author":"T R\u00f5lova","year":"2021","unstructured":"R\u00f5lova T, Lehtonen \u0160, Goldsteins G, Kettunen P, Koistinaho J. Metabolic and immune dysfunction of glia in neurodegenerative disorders: focus on iPSC models. Stem Cells. 2021;39(3):256\u201365.","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR375","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02919-2","volume":"20","author":"N St\u00f6berl","year":"2023","unstructured":"St\u00f6berl N, Maguire E, Salis E, Shaw B, Hall-Roberts H. Human iPSC-derived glia models for the study of neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation. 2023;20(1):231.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"4","key":"3139_CR376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-022-05997-1","volume":"50","author":"WJ Harris","year":"2023","unstructured":"Harris WJ, Asselin MC, Hinz R, Parkes LM, Allan S, Schiessl I, et al. In vivo methods for imaging blood\u2013brain barrier function and dysfunction. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2023;50(4):1051\u201383.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-020-00230-3","volume":"17","author":"H Kadry","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kadry H, Noorani B, Cucullo L. A blood\u2013brain barrier overview on structure, function, impairment, and biomarkers of integrity. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2020;17(1):69.","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"6","key":"3139_CR378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.3390\/mi12060685","volume":"12","author":"JP Vigh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vigh JP, Kincses A, Ozg\u00fcr B, Walter FR, Santa-Maria AR, Valkai S, et al. Transendothelial electrical resistance measurement across the blood-brain barrier: a critical review of methods. Micromachines (Basel). 2021;12(6):685.","journal-title":"Micromachines (Basel)"},{"key":"3139_CR379","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves AH da, Nucci MP, Ennes Valle NM do, Missina JM, Mamani JB, Rego GNA, et al. Current overview of induced pluripotent stem cell-based blood-brain barrier-on-a-chip. World J Stem Cells. 2023;15(6):632\u201353.","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v15.i6.632"},{"issue":"1","key":"3139_CR380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0779-0","volume":"14","author":"C Moussa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moussa C, Hebron M, Huang X, Ahn J, Rissman RA, Aisen PS, et al. Resveratrol regulates neuro-inflammation and induces adaptive immunity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neuroinflammation. 2017;14(1):1.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"3139_CR381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-024-01233-9","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Guo H, Fu H. Protective effect of resveratrol combined with levodopa against oxidative damage in dopaminergic neurons. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12013-024-01233-9.","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"issue":"2022","key":"3139_CR382","first-page":"1","volume":"12","author":"X Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen X, Song X, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Jia R, et al. Insights into the anti-inflammatory and antiviral mechanisms of resveratrol. Mediators Inflamm. 2022;12(2022):1\u201311.","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"issue":"6","key":"3139_CR383","first-page":"575","volume":"22","author":"S Khosropour","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khosropour S, Shahvarooghi E, Rezaeizadeh H, Esmaeelzadeh M. Curcumin and its semisynthetic derivative F-curcumin ameliorate the expression of cytokines in autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse models of multiple sclerosis. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2024;22(6):575\u201387.","journal-title":"Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"3139_CR384","first-page":"11","volume":"28","author":"J Giacobbe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giacobbe J, Benoiton B, Zunszain P, Pariante CM, Borsini A. The anti-inflammatory role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolites in pre-clinical models of psychiatric, neurodegenerative, and neurological disorders. Front Psychiatry. 2020;28:11.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"3139_CR385","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105823","volume":"172","author":"L Gong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gong L, Zhu T, Chen C, Xia N, Yao Y, Ding J, et al. Miconazole exerts disease-modifying effects during epilepsy by suppressing neuroinflammation via NF-\u03baB pathway and iNOS production. Neurobiol Dis. 2022;172: 105823.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroinflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-024-03139-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12974-024-03139-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-024-03139-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T08:08:47Z","timestamp":1732176527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12974-024-03139-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"references-count":385,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3139"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-024-03139-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-2094"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-2094","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"152"}}