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However, the formation of clots within the brain vasculature can be detrimental to the host. Recent work has demonstrated that <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> infects and lyses central nervous system (CNS) endothelial cells that form the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, little is known about the effect of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection on the BBB and the functional consequences of infection on cerebral blood flow (CBF) during the different stages of infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Main body<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We demonstrate that brain endothelial cells upregulate the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and become morphologically more tortuous during acute <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection of mice. Longitudinal two-photon imaging of cerebral blood vessels during infection in mice revealed vascular occlusion in the brain, prompting an analysis of the coagulation cascade. We detected platelet-fibrin clots within the cerebral vasculature during acute infection. Analysis of CBF using longitudinal laser-speckle imaging during <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection demonstrated that CBF decreased during acute infection, recovered during stable chronic infection, and decreased again during reactivation of the infection induced by IFN-\u03b3 depletion. Finally, we demonstrate that treatment of mice with a low-molecular-weight heparin, an anticoagulant, during infection partially rescued CBF in <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>-infected mice without affecting parasite burden.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our data provide insight into the host-pathogen interactions of a CNS parasite within the brain vasculature and suggest that thrombosis and changes in cerebral hemodynamics may be an unappreciated aspect of infection with <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03330-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T10:05:31Z","timestamp":1736330731000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Infection with Toxoplasma gondii triggers coagulation at the blood-brain barrier and a reduction in cerebral blood flow"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Evelyn M.","family":"Hoover","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine A.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Crouzet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiane S.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario X. 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