{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T20:16:27Z","timestamp":1793996187821,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NS118037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS118037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroinflammation"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03451-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T06:02:38Z","timestamp":1746079358000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Diffuse traumatic brain injury induced stimulator of interferons (STING) signaling in microglia drives cortical neuroinflammation, neuronal dysfunction, and impaired cognition"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Packer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha G.","family":"Giammo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynde M.","family":"Wangler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amara C.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea E.","family":"Bray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Godbout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"3451_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52892-6.00001-5","volume":"127","author":"M Faul","year":"2015","unstructured":"Faul M, Coronado V. Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury. Handb Clin Neurol. 2015;127:3\u201313.","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"3451_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00672","volume":"9","author":"ON Kokiko-Cochran","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kokiko-Cochran ON, Godbout JP. The Inflammatory continuum of traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Front Immunol. 2018;9:672.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3451_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2023.08.008","volume":"46","author":"LM Wangler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wangler LM, Godbout JP. Microglia moonlighting after traumatic brain injury: aging and interferons influence chronic microglia reactivity. Trends Neurosci. 2023;46(11):926\u201340.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"3451_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.297068","volume":"16","author":"RJ Henry","year":"2021","unstructured":"Henry RJ, Loane DJ. Targeting chronic and evolving neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury to improve long-term outcomes: insights from microglial-depletion models. Neural Regen Res. 2021;16(5):976\u20137.","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3451_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0000000000000021","volume":"73","author":"DJ Loane","year":"2014","unstructured":"Loane DJ, et al. Progressive neurodegeneration after experimental brain trauma: association with chronic microglial activation. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2014;73(1):14\u201329.","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3451_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22455","volume":"70","author":"AF Ramlackhansingh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ramlackhansingh AF, et al. Inflammation after trauma: microglial activation and traumatic brain injury. Ann Neurol. 2011;70(3):374\u201383.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3451_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.3764","volume":"74","author":"JM Coughlin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Coughlin JM, et al. Imaging of glial cell activation and white matter integrity in brains of active and recently retired national football league players. JAMA Neurol. 2017;74(1):67\u201374.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"3451_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.10.019","volume":"74","author":"JM Coughlin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coughlin JM, et al. Neuroinflammation and brain atrophy in former NFL players: an in vivo multimodal imaging pilot study. Neurobiol Dis. 2015;74:58\u201365.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"3451_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws322","volume":"136","author":"VE Johnson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johnson VE, et al. Inflammation and white matter degeneration persist for years after a single traumatic brain injury. Brain. 2013;136(Pt 1):28\u201342.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"20","key":"3451_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4215","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1910-21.2022","volume":"42","author":"CE Bray","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bray CE, et al. Chronic cortical inflammation, cognitive impairment, and immune reactivity associated with diffuse brain injury are ameliorated by forced turnover of microglia. J Neurosci. 2022;42(20):4215\u201328.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"3451_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2469-20.2020","volume":"41","author":"KG Witcher","year":"2021","unstructured":"Witcher KG, et al. Traumatic brain injury causes chronic cortical inflammation and neuronal dysfunction mediated by microglia. J Neurosci. 2021;41(7):1597\u2013616.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"3451_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23523","volume":"66","author":"KG Witcher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Witcher KG, et al. Traumatic brain injury-induced neuronal damage in the somatosensory cortex causes formation of rod-shaped microglia that promote astrogliosis and persistent neuroinflammation. Glia. 2018;66(12):2719\u201336.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"14","key":"3451_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2960","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2402-19.2020","volume":"40","author":"RJ Henry","year":"2020","unstructured":"Henry RJ, et al. Microglial depletion with CSF1R inhibitor during chronic phase of experimental traumatic brain injury reduces neurodegeneration and neurological deficits. J Neurosci. 2020;40(14):2960\u201374.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3451_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.09.21.614247","author":"H Gangal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gangal H, et al. Traumatic brain injury exacerbates alcohol consumption and neuroinflammation with decline in cognition and cholinergic activity. BioRxiv. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.09.21.614247.","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"issue":"1","key":"3451_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02197-w","volume":"18","author":"BP Todd","year":"2021","unstructured":"Todd BP, et al. Traumatic brain injury results in unique microglial and astrocyte transcriptomes enriched for type I interferon response. J Neuroinflammation. 2021;18(1):151.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"48","key":"3451_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9082","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1377-22.2022","volume":"42","author":"LM Wangler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wangler LM, et al. Amplified gliosis and interferon-associated inflammation in the aging brain following diffuse traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci. 2022;42(48):9082\u201396.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3451_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.710608","volume":"12","author":"JP Barrett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barrett JP, et al. Traumatic brain injury induces cGAS activation and type I interferon signaling in aged mice. Front Immunol. 2021;12: 710608.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3451_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352790","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2024.1352790","volume":"18","author":"R Boland","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boland R, Kokiko-Cochran ON. Deplete and repeat: microglial CSF1R inhibition and traumatic brain injury. Front Cell Neurosci. 2024;18:1352790.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"3451_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024566","volume":"6","author":"X Gao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gao X, et al. Moderate traumatic brain injury causes acute dendritic and synaptic degeneration in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(9): e24566.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"3451_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.3.JNS091212","volume":"113","author":"C Wakade","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wakade C, et al. Delayed reduction in hippocampal postsynaptic density protein-95 expression temporally correlates with cognitive dysfunction following controlled cortical impact in mice. J Neurosurg. 2010;113(6):1195\u2013201.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"3451_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23135","volume":"65","author":"RA Rice","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rice RA, et al. Microglial repopulation resolves inflammation and promotes brain recovery after injury. Glia. 2017;65(6):931\u201344.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"2","key":"3451_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24475","volume":"72","author":"JM Packer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Packer JM, et al. Impaired cortical neuronal homeostasis and cognition after diffuse traumatic brain injury are dependent on microglia and type I interferon responses. Glia. 2024;72(2):300\u201321.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"7265","key":"3451_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08476","volume":"461","author":"H Ishikawa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ishikawa H, Ma Z, Barber GN. STING regulates intracellular DNA-mediated, type I interferon-dependent innate immunity. Nature. 2009;461(7265):788\u201392.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"3451_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00524-z","volume":"21","author":"A Decout","year":"2021","unstructured":"Decout A, et al. The cGAS-STING pathway as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Immunol. 2021;21(9):548\u201369.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3451_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5328","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00037-14","volume":"88","author":"T Abe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abe T, Barber GN. Cytosolic-DNA-mediated, STING-dependent proinflammatory gene induction necessitates canonical NF-kappaB activation through TBK1. J Virol. 2014;88(10):5328\u201341.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"14","key":"3451_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2100225118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2100225118","volume":"118","author":"S Yum","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yum S, et al. TBK1 recruitment to STING activates both IRF3 and NF-kappaB that mediate immune defense against tumors and viral infections. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2021;118(14):e2100225118.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"12","key":"3451_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0191232024","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0191-23.2024","volume":"44","author":"LE Fritsch","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fritsch LE, et al. STING-dependent signaling in microglia or peripheral immune cells orchestrates the early inflammatory response and influences brain injury outcome. J Neurosci. 2024;44(12):e0191232024.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3451_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.852243","volume":"15","author":"LE Fritsch","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fritsch LE, et al. Type I interferon response is mediated by NLRX1-cGAS-STING signaling in brain injury. Front Mol Neurosci. 2022;15: 852243.","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"3451_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2020.146987","volume":"1746","author":"KG Witcher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Witcher KG, et al. Comparison between midline and lateral fluid percussion injury in mice reveals prolonged but divergent cortical neuroinflammation. Brain Res. 2020;1746: 146987.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3451_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.113660","volume":"43","author":"AM Bedolla","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bedolla AM, et al. A comparative evaluation of the strengths and potential caveats of the microglial inducible CreER mouse models. Cell Rep. 2024;43(1): 113660.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"3451_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3423","volume":"17","author":"T Goldmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goldmann T, et al. Origin, fate and dynamics of macrophages at central nervous system interfaces. Nat Immunol. 2016;17(7):797\u2013805.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3451_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.11.030","volume":"155","author":"N Christopher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Christopher N, et al. Microglia promote learning-dependent synapse formation through brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Cell. 2013;155(7):1596\u2013609.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"3451_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.12.001","volume":"38","author":"S Yona","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yona S, et al. Fate mapping reveals origins and dynamics of monocytes and tissue macrophages under homeostasis. Immunity. 2013;38(1):79\u201391.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"4","key":"3451_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12620","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12620","volume":"19","author":"X Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li X, et al. The effects of tamoxifen on mouse behavior. Genes Brain Behav. 2020;19(4):e12620.","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav"},{"issue":"7","key":"3451_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.10.014","volume":"76","author":"AM Fenn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fenn AM, et al. Immune activation promotes depression 1 month after diffuse brain injury: a role for primed microglia. Biol Psychiatry. 2014;76(7):575\u201384.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3451_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-018-0636-8","volume":"6","author":"SM O'Neil","year":"2018","unstructured":"O\u2019Neil SM, et al. Forced turnover of aged microglia induces an intermediate phenotype but does not rebalance CNS environmental cues driving priming to immune challenge. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2018;6(1):129.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"3451_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2022.114058","volume":"353","author":"ZM Tapp","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tapp ZM, et al. Sleep fragmentation engages stress-responsive circuitry, enhances inflammation and compromises hippocampal function following traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol. 2022;353: 114058.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3451_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2012.02.003","volume":"37","author":"ES Wohleb","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wohleb ES, et al. Peripheral innate immune challenge exaggerated microglia activation, increased the number of inflammatory CNS macrophages, and prolonged social withdrawal in socially defeated mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012;37(9):1491\u2013505.","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"3451_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.01.009","volume":"54","author":"MM Muccigrosso","year":"2016","unstructured":"Muccigrosso MM, et al. Cognitive deficits develop 1 month after diffuse brain injury and are exaggerated by microglia-associated reactivity to peripheral immune challenge. Brain Behav Immun. 2016;54:95\u2013109.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"3451_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00598-4","volume":"18","author":"KM Tran","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tran KM, et al. A Trem 2(R47H) mouse model without cryptic splicing drives age- and disease-dependent tissue damage and synaptic loss in response to plaques. Mol Neurodegener. 2023;18(1):12.","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"issue":"21","key":"3451_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.020","volume":"110","author":"RC Paolicelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Paolicelli RC, et al. Microglia states and nomenclature: a field at its crossroads. Neuron. 2022;110(21):3458\u201383.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3451_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-247","volume":"9","author":"JM Ziebell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ziebell JM, et al. Rod microglia: elongation, alignment, and coupling to form trains across the somatosensory cortex after experimental diffuse brain injury. J Neuroinflammation. 2012;9:247.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"12","key":"3451_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","volume":"15","author":"MI Love","year":"2014","unstructured":"Love MI, Huber W, Anders S. Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol. 2014;15(12):550.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"3451_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.02.043","volume":"525","author":"M Kosugi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kosugi M, et al. Mutations of histone demethylase genes encoded by X and Y chromosomes, Kdm5c and Kdm5d, lead to noncompaction cardiomyopathy in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2020;525:100\u20136.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"3451_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.821885","volume":"16","author":"C Munoz-Ballester","year":"2022","unstructured":"Munoz-Ballester C, et al. Mild traumatic brain injury-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier triggers an atypical neuronal response. Front Cell Neurosci. 2022;16: 821885.","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"3451_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadd1101","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.add1101","volume":"9","author":"RM Ritzel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ritzel RM, et al. Brain injury accelerates the onset of a reversible age-related microglial phenotype associated with inflammatory neurodegeneration. Sci Adv. 2023;9(10):eadd1101.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"5","key":"3451_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24147","volume":"70","author":"SM O'Neil","year":"2022","unstructured":"O\u2019Neil SM, et al. Astrocyte immunosenescence and deficits in interleukin 10 signaling in the aged brain disrupt the regulation of microglia following innate immune activation. Glia. 2022;70(5):913\u201334.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"613","key":"3451_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabg922","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abg9922","volume":"13","author":"NSN Graham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Graham NSN, et al. Axonal marker neurofilament light predicts long-term outcomes and progressive neurodegeneration after traumatic brain injury. Sci Transl Med. 2021;13(613):eabg922.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"3451_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2314","volume":"8","author":"AJ Sadler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sadler AJ, Williams BR. Interferon-inducible antiviral effectors. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008;8(7):559\u201368.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3451_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2516-19.2020","volume":"40","author":"JP Barrett","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barrett JP, et al. Interferon-beta plays a detrimental role in experimental traumatic brain injury by enhancing neuroinflammation that drives chronic neurodegeneration. J Neurosci. 2020;40(11):2357\u201370.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3451_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-023-01635-5","volume":"11","author":"BP Todd","year":"2023","unstructured":"Todd BP, et al. Selective neuroimmune modulation by type I interferon drives neuropathology and neurologic dysfunction following traumatic brain injury. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2023;11(1):134.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"3451_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02456-1","volume":"29","author":"EJ Goodman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Goodman EJ, et al. Enhanced fear memory after social defeat in mice is dependent on interleukin-1 receptor signaling in glutamatergic neurons. Mol Psychiatry. 2024;29:2321\u201334.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3451_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06898-9","volume":"7","author":"EJ Goodman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Goodman EJ, et al. Novel microglial transcriptional signatures promote social and cognitive deficits following repeated social defeat. Commun Biol. 2024;7(1):1199.","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3451_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008333","volume":"15","author":"A Loda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Loda A, Heard E. Xist RNA in action: past, present, and future. PLoS Genet. 2019;15(9): e1008333.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"17","key":"3451_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4521","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5382-07.2008","volume":"28","author":"J Xu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Xu J, et al. Sex-specific differences in expression of histone demethylases Utx and Uty in mouse brain and neurons. J Neurosci. 2008;28(17):4521\u20137.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"14","key":"3451_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.04.022","volume":"82","author":"H Shen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shen H, et al. Sexually dimorphic RNA helicases DDX3X and DDX3Y differentially regulate RNA metabolism through phase separation. Mol Cell. 2022;82(14):2588-2603 e9.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"3451_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1354-7","volume":"15","author":"A Abdullah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abdullah A, et al. STING-mediated type-I interferons contribute to the neuroinflammatory process and detrimental effects following traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation. 2018;15(1):323.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"2","key":"3451_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0718-19.2019","volume":"40","author":"T Sen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sen T, et al. Aberrant ER stress induced neuronal-IFNbeta elicits white matter injury due to microglial activation and T-cell infiltration after TBI. J Neurosci. 2020;40(2):424\u201346.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3451_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.12.028","volume":"52","author":"AD Bachstetter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bachstetter AD, et al. Rod-shaped microglia morphology is associated with aging in 2 human autopsy series. Neurobiol Aging. 2017;52:98\u2013105.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"3451_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.06.30.601396","author":"M Xie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xie M, et al. Rod-shaped microglia interact with neuronal dendrites to regulate cortical excitability in TDP-43 related neurodegeneration. BioRxiv. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.06.30.601396.","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"issue":"3","key":"3451_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.02.011","volume":"46","author":"Y Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Y, et al. Inflammasome activation triggers caspase-1-mediated cleavage of cGAS to regulate responses to DNA virus infection. Immunity. 2017;46(3):393\u2013404.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"7","key":"3451_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3199-14.2015","volume":"35","author":"X Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu X, et al. Interleukin 1 type 1 receptor restore: a genetic mouse model for studying interleukin 1 receptor-mediated effects in specific cell types. J Neurosci. 2015;35(7):2860\u201370.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3451_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02934-3","volume":"20","author":"JC Vincent","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vincent JC, et al. IL-1R1 signaling in TBI: assessing chronic impacts and neuroinflammatory dynamics in a mouse model of mild closed-head injury. J Neuroinflammation. 2023;20(1):248.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"8","key":"3451_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.02.020","volume":"187","author":"CC Escoubas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Escoubas CC, et al. Type-I-interferon-responsive microglia shape cortical development and behavior. Cell. 2024;187(8):1936-1954 e24.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"3451_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107666","volume":"31","author":"S Hosseini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hosseini S, et al. Type I interferon receptor signaling in astrocytes regulates hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function of the healthy CNS. Cell Rep. 2020;31(7): 107666.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"3451_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2005.12.030","volume":"199","author":"L Hashemzadeh-Bonehi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hashemzadeh-Bonehi L, et al. Pin1 protein associates with neuronal lipofuscin: potential consequences in age-related neurodegeneration. Exp Neurol. 2006;199(2):328\u201338.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"21\u201322","key":"3451_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2023.0029","volume":"40","author":"S Richter","year":"2023","unstructured":"Richter S, et al. Prognostic value of serum biomarkers in patients with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury, differentiated by marshall computer tomography classification. J Neurotrauma. 2023;40(21\u201322):2297\u2013310.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"3451_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx339","volume":"141","author":"G Scott","year":"2018","unstructured":"Scott G, et al. Minocycline reduces chronic microglial activation after brain trauma but increases neurodegeneration. Brain. 2018;141(2):459\u201371.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"3451_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4096","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31797-0","volume":"13","author":"FH Brennan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brennan FH, et al. Microglia coordinate cellular interactions during spinal cord repair in mice. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):4096.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"3451_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111574","volume":"41","author":"K Tariq","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tariq K, et al. Disruption of mTORC1 rescues neuronal overgrowth and synapse function dysregulated by Pten loss. Cell Rep. 2022;41(5): 111574.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"3451_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2019.04.010","volume":"112","author":"R Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu R, et al. BpV(pic) confers neuroprotection by inhibiting M1 microglial polarization and MCP-1 expression in rat traumatic brain injury. Mol Immunol. 2019;112:30\u20139.","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"3451_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2023.114551","volume":"370","author":"M Metcalfe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Metcalfe M, Steward O. PTEN deletion in spinal pathways via retrograde transduction with AAV-RG enhances forelimb motor recovery after cervical spinal cord injury; sex differences and late-onset pathophysiologies. Exp Neurol. 2023;370: 114551.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3451_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6019","volume":"36","author":"SJ Doran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Doran SJ, et al. Sex differences in acute neuroinflammation after experimental traumatic brain injury are mediated by infiltrating myeloid cells. J Neurotrauma. 2019;36(7):1040\u201353.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"9","key":"3451_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23171","volume":"65","author":"S Villapol","year":"2017","unstructured":"Villapol S, Loane DJ, Burns MP. Sexual dimorphism in the inflammatory response to traumatic brain injury. Glia. 2017;65(9):1423\u201338.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"5","key":"3451_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269101","volume":"17","author":"NJ Starkey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Starkey NJ, et al. Sex differences in outcomes from mild traumatic brain injury eight years post-injury. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(5): e0269101.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"22","key":"3451_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16084","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242216084","volume":"24","author":"J Iannucci","year":"2023","unstructured":"Iannucci J, et al. Sex-specific and traumatic brain injury effects on dopamine receptor expression in the hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(22):16084.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3451_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-7-93","volume":"7","author":"AW Corona","year":"2010","unstructured":"Corona AW, et al. Fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) deficiency sensitizes mice to the behavioral changes induced by lipopolysaccharide. J Neuroinflammation. 2010;7:93.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"3451_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0386-5","volume":"12","author":"HY Febinger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Febinger HY, et al. Time-dependent effects of CX3CR1 in a mouse model of mild traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation. 2015;12:154.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"3451_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.02.053","volume":"549","author":"W Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang W, et al. CX3CR1 deficiency aggravates brain white matter injury and affects expression of the CD36\/15LO\/NR4A1 signal. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021;549:47\u201353.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroinflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-025-03451-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12974-025-03451-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-025-03451-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T04:36:11Z","timestamp":1746506171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12974-025-03451-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-025-03451-1","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-5960640\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1742-2094"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-2094","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"We affirm that this paper contains original data that have not been submitted elsewhere for publication and that all authors have read and approved the manuscript. All authors also report no financial conflicts of interest. All procedures were performed in accordance with the National Institute of Health Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, the Public Health Service\u2019s Policy on Human Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by The Ohio State University Institutional Laboratory Animal Care and Use Committee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent for participation"}},{"value":"The authors have no financial conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"128"}}