{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T17:38:24Z","timestamp":1789148304896,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002803","name":"Fondazione Cariplo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022-0294"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-0294"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031478","name":"NextGenerationEU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNRR M4C2-Investimento 1.4-CN00000041- PNRR_CN3RNA_SPOKE9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNRR M4C2-Investimento 1.4-CN00000041- PNRR_CN3RNA_SPOKE9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroinflammation"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Chronic activation of innate immune responses in the brain is increasingly recognized as a contributor to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD remains a major global health challenge due to the inefficacy of current therapies to modify disease progression. In AD, hyperactivated microglia, the brain\u2019s resident macrophages, play a central role by responding to amyloid-beta peptides (A\u03b2) through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a key innate immune sensor and a promising therapeutic target.\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a protozoan parasite causing visceral leishmaniasis, is known to employ sophisticated mechanisms to subvert inflammatory responses in macrophages, including modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, thus representing a potential natural model for counteracting microglia-related inflammation. However, microglia-\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    interactions remain unexplored, particularly the parasite\u2019s ability to modulate microglial NLRP3 activation. Here, we demonstrate that\n                    <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    invades and persists in microglia without inducing cell activation, indicating an immunologically silent entry. A\u03b2-stimulated NLRP3 activation was suppressed by\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, as evidenced by a significant reduction in key pro-inflammatory mediators, including IL-1\u03b2, IL-18, TNF-\u03b1, and neurotoxic nitric oxide. Mechanistically,\n                    <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    disrupted NLRP3 priming by interfering with NF-\u03baB signaling and upregulating the negative regulator A20. Additionally,\n                    <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    limited ASC speck formation, caspase-1 activation and ROS production while preserving lysosomal integrity. These findings reveal, for the first time, an unrecognized inhibitory effect of\n                    <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    on the microglial NLRP3\/NF-\u03baB axis and provide mechanistic insights into the parasite\u2019s immune subversion in A\u03b2-activated microglia. Deciphering the molecular pathways exploited by\n                    <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the specific parasitic effectors involved could offer novel therapeutic targets and bioinspired strategies to mitigate microglial inflammatory responses in the context of AD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03574-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T14:11:20Z","timestamp":1761747080000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Immune subversion by Leishmania infantum parasites suppresses NLRP3-driven inflammatory responses in amyloid-\u03b2-activated microglia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7509-7204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"Calvo Alvarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3151-4210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Sfogliarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3181-9505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"La Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2295-3043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Saresella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1868-1444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Dolci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4351-3650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Vegeto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5108-4492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donatella","family":"Taramelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9030-1066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Basilico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5920-6191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Clerici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"3574_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1063871","volume":"11","author":"S Aits","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aits S, Kricker J, Liu B, Ellegaard A-M, H\u00e4m\u00e4list\u00f6 S, Tvingsholm S, et al. Sensitive detection of lysosomal membrane permeabilization by lysosomal galectin puncta assay. Autophagy. 2015;11(8):1408\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15548627.2015.1063871.","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"2","key":"3574_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(99)00113-3","volume":"117","author":"F Alliot","year":"1999","unstructured":"Alliot F, Godin I, Pessac B. Microglia derive from progenitors, originating from the yolk sac, and which proliferate in the brain. Dev Brain Res. 1999;117(2):145\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0165-3806(99)00113-3.","journal-title":"Dev Brain Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"3574_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/tra.12839","volume":"23","author":"DC Barral","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barral DC, Staiano L, Guimas Almeida C, Cutler DF, Eden ER, Futter CE, et al. Current methods to analyze lysosome morphology, positioning, motility and function. Traffic. 2022;23(5):238\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tra.12839.","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"issue":"10","key":"3574_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X21666221129121715","volume":"21","author":"A Bhusal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bhusal A, Afridi R, Lee W-H, Suk K. Bidirectional communication between microglia and astrocytes in neuroinflammation. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2023;21(10):2020\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1570159X21666221129121715.","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3574_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytox.2020.100041","volume":"2","author":"C Bogdan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bogdan C. Macrophages as host, effector and immunoregulatory cells in leishmaniasis: impact of tissue micro-environment and metabolism. Cytokine: X. 2020;2(4):100041. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cytox.2020.100041.","journal-title":"Cytokine: X"},{"issue":"1","key":"3574_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-024-02790-2","volume":"148","author":"P Botella Lucena","year":"2024","unstructured":"Botella Lucena P, Heneka MT. Inflammatory aspects of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Acta Neuropathol. 2024;148(1):31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-024-02790-2.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"50","key":"3574_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6434","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2008.310","volume":"27","author":"P Boya","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boya P, Kroemer G. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization in cell death. Oncogene. 2008;27(50):6434\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/onc.2008.310.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"12","key":"3574_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00259-4","volume":"31","author":"RJS Burchmore","year":"2001","unstructured":"Burchmore RJS, Barrett MP. Life in vacuoles \u2013 nutrient acquisition by Leishmania amastigotes. Int J Parasitol. 2001;31(12):1311\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00259-4.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3574_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.02.010","volume":"12","author":"V Calsolaro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Calsolaro V, Edison P. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: current evidence and future directions. Alzheimers Dement. 2016;12(6):719\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.02.010.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"3574_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.01.011","volume":"63","author":"E Calvo-Alvarez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Calvo-Alvarez E, Cren-Travaill\u00e9 C, Crouzols A, Rotureau B. A new chimeric triple reporter fusion protein as a tool for in vitro and in vivo multimodal imaging to monitor the development of African trypanosomes and Leishmania parasites. Infect Genet Evol. 2018;63:391\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.01.011.","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"3574_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cec\u00ed\u00adlio P, P\u00e9rez-Cabezas B, Santar\u00e9m N, Maciel J, Rodrigues V & Cordeiro Da Silva A. Deception and Manipulation: The Arms of Leishmania, a Successful Parasite. Front Immunol. 2014; 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00480.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00480"},{"key":"3574_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.10.014","volume":"14","author":"C Cheignon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheignon C, Tomas M, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Faller P, Hureau C, Collin F. Oxidative stress and the amyloid beta peptide in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Redox Biol. 2018;14:450\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2017.10.014.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"3574_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01075-9","author":"RC Coll","year":"2024","unstructured":"Coll RC, Schroder K. Inflammasome components as new therapeutic targets in inflammatory disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-024-01075-9.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3574_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-04-01179.2001","volume":"21","author":"CK Combs","year":"2001","unstructured":"Combs CK, Karlo JC, Kao SC, Landreth GE. Beta-amyloid stimulation of microglia and monocytes results in TNFalpha-dependent expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal apoptosis. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 2001;21(4):1179\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-04-01179.2001.","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"3574_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180247","volume":"215","author":"JC Cronk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cronk JC, Filiano AJ, Louveau A, Marin I, Marsh R, Ji E, et al. Peripherally derived macrophages can engraft the brain independent of irradiation and maintain an identity distinct from microglia. J Exp Med. 2018;215(6):1627\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20180247.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"3574_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.05.003","volume":"11","author":"SP Cullen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cullen SP, Kearney CJ, Clancy DM, Martin SJ. Diverse activators of the NLRP3 inflammasome promote IL-1\u03b2 secretion by triggering necrosis. Cell Rep. 2015;11(10):1535\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.05.003.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"3574_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.12.047","volume":"26","author":"RVH De Carvalho","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Carvalho RVH, Andrade WA, Lima-Junior DS, Dilucca M, De Oliveira CV, Wang K, et al. Leishmania lipophosphoglycan triggers caspase-11 and the non-canonical activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Cell Rep. 2019;26(2):429-437.e5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.12.047.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"3574_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2020.02.006","volume":"36","author":"RVH De Carvalho","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Carvalho RVH, Zamboni DS. Inflammasome activation in response to intracellular protozoan parasites. Trends Parasitol. 2020;36(5):459\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2020.02.006.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3574_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36626-6","volume":"14","author":"KSG De S\u00e1","year":"2023","unstructured":"De S\u00e1 KSG, Amaral LA, Rodrigues TS, Ishimoto AY, De Andrade WAC, De Almeida L, et al. Gasdermin-D activation promotes NLRP3 activation and host resistance to Leishmania infection. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):1049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-36626-6.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"9","key":"3574_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4402194","volume":"14","author":"T Fernandes-Alnemri","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fernandes-Alnemri T, Wu J, Yu J-W, Datta P, Miller B, Jankowski W, et al. The pyroptosome: a supramolecular assembly of ASC dimers mediating inflammatory cell death via caspase-1 activation. Cell Death Differ. 2007;14(9):1590\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.cdd.4402194.","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"3574_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/165126","volume":"2012","author":"LH Franco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Franco LH, Beverley SM, Zamboni DS. Innate immune activation and subversion of mammalian functions by Leishmania lipophosphoglycan. J Parasitol Res. 2012;2012:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/165126.","journal-title":"J Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3574_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12611","volume":"281","author":"BS Franklin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Franklin BS, Latz E, Schmidt FI. The intra- and extracellular functions of ASC specks. Immunol Rev. 2018;281(1):74\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imr.12611.","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"3574_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.02.025","volume":"30","author":"LL Friker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Friker LL, Scheiblich H, Hochheiser IV, Brinkschulte R, Riedel D, Latz E, et al. \u03b2-amyloid clustering around ASC fibrils boosts its toxicity in microglia. Cell Rep. 2020;30(11):3743-3754.e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.02.025.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3574_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12626","volume":"19","author":"M Gatz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gatz M, Mack WJ, Chui HC, Law EM, Barisano G, Sutherland ML, et al. Prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in indigenous Bolivian forager-horticulturalists. Alzheimers Dement. 2023;19(1):44\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.12626.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"12","key":"3574_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6828","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.12.6828-6838.2002","volume":"70","author":"S Ghosh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Bhattacharyya S, Sirkar M, Sa GS, Das T, Majumdar D, et al. Leishmania donovani suppresses activated protein 1 and NF-\u03baB activation in host macrophages via ceramide generation: involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Infect Immun. 2002;70(12):6828\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.70.12.6828-6838.2002.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"6344","key":"3574_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal3222","volume":"356","author":"D Gosselin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gosselin D, Skola D, Coufal NG, Holtman IR, Schlachetzki JCM, Sajti E, et al. An environment-dependent transcriptional network specifies human microglia identity. Science. 2017;356(6344):eaal3222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aal3222.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"3574_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737586","volume":"38","author":"DJ Gregory","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gregory DJ, Godbout M, Contreras I, Forget G, Olivier M. A novel form of NF-\u03baB is induced by Leishmania infection: involvement in macrophage gene expression. Eur J Immunol. 2008;38(4):1071\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.200737586.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3574_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5087","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700407R","volume":"31","author":"AK Gupta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gupta AK, Ghosh K, Palit S, Barua J, Das PK, Ukil A. Leishmania donovani inhibits inflammasome-dependent macrophage activation by exploiting the negative regulatory proteins A20 and UCP2. FASEB J. 2017;31(11):5087\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.201700407R.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"8","key":"3574_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1636","volume":"9","author":"A Halle","year":"2008","unstructured":"Halle A, Hornung V, Petzold GC, Stewart CR, Monks BG, Reinheckel T, et al. The NALP3 inflammasome is involved in the innate immune response to amyloid-beta. Nat Immunol. 2008;9(8):857\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni.1636.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3574_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007885","volume":"13","author":"S Hendrickx","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hendrickx S, Van Bockstal L, Caljon G, Maes L. In-depth comparison of cell-based methodological approaches to determine drug susceptibility of visceral Leishmania isolates. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(12):e0007885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007885.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3574_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)70016-5","volume":"14","author":"MT Heneka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heneka MT, Carson MJ, El Khoury J, Landreth GE, Brosseron F, Feinstein DL, et al. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Lancet Neurol. 2015;14(4):388\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)70016-5.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3574_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3102","volume":"16","author":"MT Heneka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heneka MT, Golenbock DT, Latz E. Innate immunity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Immunol. 2015;16(3):229\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni.3102.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"7434","key":"3574_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11729","volume":"493","author":"MT Heneka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Heneka MT, Kummer MP, Stutz A, Delekate A, Schwartz S, Vieira-Saecker A, et al. Nlrp3 is activated in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and contributes to pathology in APP\/PS1 mice. Nature. 2013;493(7434):674\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature11729.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3574_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01104-7","author":"MT Heneka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Heneka MT, Van Der Flier WM, Jessen F, Hoozemanns J, Thal DR, Boche D, et al. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-024-01104-7.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"3574_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hook V, Yoon M, Mosier C, Ito G, Podvin S, Head BP, Rissman R, O\u2019Donoghue AJ & Hook G. Cathepsin B in neurodegeneration of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, traumatic brain injury, and related brain disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom. 2020; 1868(8): 140428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbapap.2020.140428.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2020.140428"},{"issue":"7784","key":"3574_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1769-z","volume":"575","author":"C Ising","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ising C, Venegas C, Zhang S, Scheiblich H, Schmidt SV, Vieira-Saecker A, et al. Nlrp3 inflammasome activation drives tau pathology. Nature. 2019;575(7784):669\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1769-z.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"3574_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14687","volume":"150","author":"NK Jha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jha NK, Jha SK, Kar R, Nand P, Swati K, Goswami VK. Nuclear factor-kappa \u03b2 as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neurochem. 2019;150(2):113\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.14687.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"8","key":"3574_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2608","volume":"9","author":"P Kaye","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kaye P, Scott P. Leishmaniasis: complexity at the host\u2013pathogen interface. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011;9(8):604\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrmicro2608.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3574_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000412","volume":"8","author":"C Kilkenny","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kilkenny C, Browne WJ, Cuthill IC, Emerson M, Altman DG. Improving bioscience research reporting: the ARRIVE guidelines for reporting animal research. PLoS Biol. 2010;8(6):e1000412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000412.","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"3574_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1298275","volume":"15","author":"F La Rosa","year":"2024","unstructured":"La Rosa F, Varotto-Boccazzi I, Saresella M, Marventano I, Cattaneo GM, Hernis A, et al. The non-pathogenic protozoon Leishmania tarentolae interferes with the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in human cells: new perspectives in the control of inflammation. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1298275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1298275.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3574_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0611326","volume":"91","author":"U Lambertz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lambertz U, Silverman JM, Nandan D, McMaster WR, Clos J, Foster LJ, et al. Secreted virulence factors and immune evasion in visceral leishmaniasis. J Leukoc Biol. 2012;91(6):887\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1189\/jlb.0611326.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3574_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.01.030","volume":"30","author":"H Lecoeur","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lecoeur H, Prina E, Rosazza T, Kokou K, N\u2019Diaye P, Aulner N, et al. Targeting macrophage histone H3 modification as a leishmania strategy to dampen the NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3-mediated inflammatory response. Cell Rep. 2020;30(6):1870-1882.e4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.01.030.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"3574_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00435-y","volume":"17","author":"F Leng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leng F, Edison P. Neuroinflammation and microglial activation in Alzheimer disease: where do we go from here? Nat Rev Neurol. 2021;17(3):157\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-020-00435-y.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3574_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2008.01.029","volume":"1783","author":"L Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li L, Hailey DW, Soetandyo N, Li W, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Shu H, et al. Localization of A20 to a lysosome-associated compartment and its role in NF\u03baB signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008;1783(6):1140\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2008.01.029.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"2","key":"3574_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2008.09.013","volume":"1793","author":"L Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li L, Soetandyo N, Wang Q, Ye Y. The zinc finger protein A20 targets TRAF2 to the lysosomes for degradation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009;1793(2):346\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2008.09.013.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"7638","key":"3574_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21029","volume":"541","author":"SA Liddelow","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liddelow SA, Guttenplan KA, Clarke LE, Bennett FC, Bohlen CJ, Schirmer L, et al. Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia. Nature. 2017;541(7638):481\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature21029.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"3574_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sigtrans.2017.23","volume":"2","author":"T Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu T, Zhang L, Joo D, Sun S-C. NF-\u03baB signaling in inflammation. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2017;2(1):17023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sigtrans.2017.23.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"3574_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2004.07.018","volume":"114","author":"R Lodge","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lodge R, Descoteaux A. Modulation of phagolysosome biogenesis by the lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania. Clin Immunol. 2005;114(3):256\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clim.2004.07.018.","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3574_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.02.008","volume":"156","author":"A Lu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lu A, Magupalli VG, Ruan J, Yin Q, Atianand MK, Vos MR, et al. Unified polymerization mechanism for the assembly of ASC-dependent inflammasomes. Cell. 2014;156(6):1193\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2014.02.008.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"3574_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2217","volume":"8","author":"JP Luzio","year":"2007","unstructured":"Luzio JP, Pryor PR, Bright NA. Lysosomes: fusion and function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007;8(8):622\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm2217.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3574_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12203","volume":"37","author":"CSF Maia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maia CSF, Monteiro MC, Gavioli EC, Oliveira FR, Oliveira GB, Rom\u00e3o PRT. Neurological disease in human and canine leishmaniasis\u2014clinical features and immunopathogenesis. Parasite Immunol. 2015;37(8):385\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pim.12203.","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"3574_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2022.102575","volume":"75","author":"A Mangalmurti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mangalmurti A, Lukens JR. How neurons die in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: implications for neuroinflammation. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2022;75:102575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conb.2022.102575.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"issue":"7869","key":"3574_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03734-6","volume":"595","author":"CS McAlpine","year":"2021","unstructured":"McAlpine CS, Park J, Griciuc A, Kim E, Choi SH, Iwamoto Y, et al. Astrocytic interleukin-3 programs microglia and limits Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nature. 2021;595(7869):701\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-03734-6.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"3574_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09085-5","volume":"7","author":"GD Melo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Melo GD, Goyard S, Fiette L, Boissonnas A, Combadiere C, Machado GF, et al. Unveiling cerebral leishmaniasis: parasites and brain inflammation in Leishmania donovani infected mice. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):8454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-09085-5.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3574_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","volume":"65","author":"T Mosmann","year":"1983","unstructured":"Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods. 1983;65(1\u20132):55\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4.","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"issue":"6","key":"3574_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.05.016","volume":"38","author":"R Mu\u00f1oz-Planillo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-Planillo R, Kuffa P, Mart\u00ednez-Col\u00f3n G, Smith BL, Rajendiran TM, N\u00fa\u00f1ez G. K+ efflux is the common trigger of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by bacterial toxins and particulate matter. Immunity. 2013;38(6):1142\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.05.016.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"3574_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.824695","volume":"13","author":"K Nagai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nagai K, Goto Y. Parasitomimetics: can we utilize parasite-derived immunomodulatory molecules for interventions to immunological disorders? Front Immunol. 2022;13:824695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.824695.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3574_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.264444","volume":"15","author":"H Nakanishi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nakanishi H. Microglial cathepsin b as a key driver of inflammatory brain diseases and brain aging. Neural Regen Res. 2020;15(1):25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1673-5374.264444.","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3574_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12856","volume":"18","author":"J Ni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ni J, Wu Z, Stoka V, Meng J, Hayashi Y, Peters C, et al. Increased expression and altered subcellular distribution of cathepsin B in microglia induce cognitive impairment through oxidative stress and inflammatory response in mice. Aging Cell. 2019;18(1):e12856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acel.12856.","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"3574_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00249-8","volume":"7","author":"E Nichols","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nichols E, Steinmetz JD, Vollset SE, Fukutaki K, Chalek J, Abd-Allah F, et al. Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Public Health. 2022;7(2):e105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00249-8.","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"15","key":"3574_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2012.05.014","volume":"14","author":"M Olivier","year":"2012","unstructured":"Olivier M, Atayde VD, Isnard A, Hassani K, Shio MT. Leishmania virulence factors: focus on the metalloprotease GP63. Microbes Infect. 2012;14(15):1377\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2012.05.014.","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"3574_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.2.293-305.2005","volume":"18","author":"M Olivier","year":"2005","unstructured":"Olivier M, Gregory DJ, Forget G. Subversion mechanisms by which Leishmania parasites can escape the host immune response: a signaling point of view. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005;18(2):293\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.18.2.293-305.2005.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"3574_CR63","first-page":"277","volume":"75","author":"JH Passwell","year":"1994","unstructured":"Passwell JH, Shor R, Smolen J, Jaffe CL. Infection of human monocytes by Leishmania results in a defective oxidative burst. Int J Exp Pathol. 1994;75(4):277\u201384.","journal-title":"Int J Exp Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3574_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26040953","volume":"26","author":"F Piancone","year":"2021","unstructured":"Piancone F, La Rosa F, Marventano I, Saresella M, Clerici M. The role of the inflammasome in neurodegenerative diseases. Molecules. 2021;26(4):953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26040953.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"3574_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00983","volume":"9","author":"F Piancone","year":"2018","unstructured":"Piancone F, Saresella M, Marventano I, La Rosa F, Santangelo MA, Caputo D, et al. Monosodium urate crystals activate the inflammasome in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol. 2018;9:983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00983.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"3574_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-013-8463-2","volume":"57","author":"R Pujari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pujari R, Hunte R, Khan WN, Shembade N. A20-mediated negative regulation of canonical NF-\u03baB signaling pathway. Immunol Res. 2013;57(1\u20133):166\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12026-013-8463-2.","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3574_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02866-y","volume":"20","author":"JD Quick","year":"2023","unstructured":"Quick JD, Silva C, Wong JH, Lim KL, Reynolds R, Barron AM, et al. Lysosomal acidification dysfunction in microglia: an emerging pathogenic mechanism of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. J Neuroinflammation. 2023;20(1):185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-023-02866-y.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"8","key":"3574_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182014000274","volume":"141","author":"PKS Ramos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramos PKS, Brito MDV, Silveira FT, Salgado CG, De Souza W, Pican\u00e7o-Diniz CW, et al. In vitro cytokines profile and ultrastructural changes of microglia and macrophages following interaction with Leishmania. Parasitology. 2014;141(8):1052\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182014000274.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3574_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxx075","volume":"30","author":"M Rossi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rossi M, Fasel N. How to master the host immune system? Leishmania parasites have the solutions! Int Immunol. 2018;30(3):103\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/intimm\/dxx075.","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"3574_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.058","volume":"88","author":"M Saresella","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saresella M, Basilico N, Marventano I, Perego F, La Rosa F, Piancone F, et al. Leishmania infantum infection reduces the amyloid \u03b242-stimulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:597\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.058.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"3574_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-016-0088-1","volume":"11","author":"M Saresella","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saresella M, La Rosa F, Piancone F, Zoppis M, Marventano I, Calabrese E, et al. The NLRP3 and NLRP1 inflammasomes are activated in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol Neurodegener. 2016;11(1):23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-016-0088-1.","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"issue":"9","key":"3574_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3240","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI90606","volume":"127","author":"H Sarlus","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sarlus H, Heneka MT. Microglia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Clin Invest. 2017;127(9):3240\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI90606.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"3574_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-022-01730-0","volume":"46","author":"B Sharma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sharma B, Satija G, Madan A, Garg M, Alam MM, Shaquiquzzaman M, et al. Role of NLRP3 inflammasome and its inhibitors as emerging therapeutic drug candidate for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a review of mechanism of activation, regulation, and inhibition. Inflammation. 2023;46(1):56\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-022-01730-0.","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"6","key":"3574_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003868","volume":"9","author":"MT Shio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shio MT, Christian JG, Jung JY, Chang K-P, Olivier M. PKC\/ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation is attenuated by Leishmania zinc-metalloprotease during infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(6):e0003868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003868.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"3574_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/819512","volume":"2012","author":"MT Shio","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shio MT, Hassani K, Isnard A, Ralph B, Contreras I, Gomez MA, et al. Host cell signalling and Leishmania mechanisms of evasion. J Trop Med. 2012;2012:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/819512.","journal-title":"J Trop Med"},{"key":"3574_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stine WB, Jungbauer L, Yu C & LaDu MJ. Preparing Synthetic A\u03b2 in Different Aggregation States. En E. D. Roberson (Ed.), Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia (Vol. 670, pp. 13\u201332). Humana Press. 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-60761-744-0_2.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-744-0_2"},{"issue":"1","key":"3574_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03872.x","volume":"98","author":"P Thornton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thornton P, Pinteaux E, Gibson RM, Allan SM, Rothwell NJ. Interleukin-1-induced neurotoxicity is mediated by glia and requires caspase activation and free radical release. J Neurochem. 2006;98(1):258\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03872.x.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"3574_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201601084R","volume":"31","author":"BC Trumble","year":"2017","unstructured":"Trumble BC, Stieglitz J, Blackwell AD, Allayee H, Beheim B, Finch CE, et al. Apolipoprotein E4 is associated with improved cognitive function in Amazonian forager-horticulturalists with a high parasite burden. FASEB J. 2017;31(4):1508\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.201601084R.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"3","key":"3574_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2021.12.004","volume":"45","author":"V Udayar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Udayar V, Chen Y, Sidransky E, Jagasia R. Lysosomal dysfunction in neurodegeneration: emerging concepts and methods. Trends Neurosci. 2022;45(3):184\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2021.12.004.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"3574_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13075","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201900439","volume":"33","author":"C Venegas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Venegas C, Heneka MT. Inflammasome-mediated innate immunity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. FASEB J. 2019;33(12):13075\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.201900439.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"7685","key":"3574_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25158","volume":"552","author":"C Venegas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Venegas C, Kumar S, Franklin BS, Dierkes T, Brinkschulte R, Tejera D, et al. Microglia-derived ASC specks cross-seed amyloid-\u03b2 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nature. 2017;552(7685):355\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature25158.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"3574_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04376-5","volume":"9","author":"S Voet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Voet S, Mc Guire C, Hagemeyer N, Martens A, Schroeder A, Wieghofer P, et al. A20 critically controls microglia activation and inhibits inflammasome-dependent neuroinflammation. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):2036. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-04376-5.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"9","key":"3574_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3484","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-09-03484.2002","volume":"22","author":"Z Xie","year":"2002","unstructured":"Xie Z, Wei M, Morgan TE, Fabrizio P, Han D, Finch CE, et al. Peroxynitrite mediates neurotoxicity of amyloid beta-peptide1-42- and lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia. J Neurosci. 2002;22(9):3484\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-09-03484.2002.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3574_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00312-6","volume":"5","author":"H Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu H, Lin L, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Hu H. Targeting NF-\u03baB pathway for the therapy of diseases: mechanism and clinical study. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020;5(1):209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-020-00312-6.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroinflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-025-03574-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12974-025-03574-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-025-03574-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T14:11:22Z","timestamp":1761747082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12974-025-03574-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3574"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-025-03574-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-2094"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-2094","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"252"}}