{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:37:35Z","timestamp":1787020655241,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroinflammation"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03576-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T12:19:41Z","timestamp":1761740381000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Inflammation in Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease (NIID): mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic implications"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyue","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinhong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3576_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-198003000-00001","volume":"39","author":"JH Sung","year":"1980","unstructured":"Sung JH, et al. An unusual degenerative disorder of neurons associated with a novel intranuclear hyaline inclusion (neuronal intranuclear hyaline inclusion disease). A clinicopathological study of a case. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1980;39(2):107\u201330.","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"Pt 12","key":"3576_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww249","volume":"139","author":"J Sone","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sone J, et al. Clinicopathological features of adult-onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. Brain. 2016;139(Pt 12):3170\u201386.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"8","key":"3576_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0459-y","volume":"51","author":"J Sone","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sone J, et al. Long-read sequencing identifies GGC repeat expansions in NOTCH2NLC associated with neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. Nat Genet. 2019;51(8):1215\u201321.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2019.05.013","volume":"105","author":"Y Tian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tian Y, et al. Expansion of human-specific GGC repeat in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease-related disorders. Am J Hum Genet. 2019;105(1):166\u201376.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz372","volume":"143","author":"QY Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun QY, et al. Expansion of GGC repeat in the human-specific NOTCH2NLC gene is associated with essential tremor. Brain. 2020;143(1):222\u201333.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"11","key":"3576_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.05.018","volume":"109","author":"ME Ehrlich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ehrlich ME, Ellerby LM. Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease: polyglycine protein is the culprit. Neuron. 2021;109(11):1757\u201360.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"41","key":"3576_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2208649119","volume":"119","author":"J Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu J, et al. CGG repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC causes mitochondrial dysfunction and progressive neurodegeneration in drosophila model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022;119(41):e2208649119.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"47","key":"3576_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.add6391","volume":"8","author":"Q Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Q, et al. Expression of expanded GGC repeats within NOTCH2NLC causes behavioral deficits and neurodegeneration in a mouse model of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. Sci Adv. 2022;8(47):eadd6391.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"6","key":"3576_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-021-02375-3","volume":"142","author":"S Zhong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhong S, et al. Upstream open reading frame with NOTCH2NLC GGC expansion generates polyglycine aggregates and disrupts nucleocytoplasmic transport: implications for polyglycine diseases. Acta Neuropathol. 2021;142(6):1003\u201323.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3576_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3373","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad058","volume":"146","author":"Y Fan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fan Y, et al. GGC repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC induces dysfunction in ribosome biogenesis and translation. Brain. 2023;146(8):3373\u201391.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"12","key":"3576_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-329772","volume":"93","author":"Y Tian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tian Y, et al. Clinical features of NOTCH2NLC-related neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2022;93(12):1289\u201398.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"3576_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51189","volume":"7","author":"H Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen H, et al. Re-defining the clinicopathological spectrum of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2020;7(10):1930\u201341.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3576_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXG.0000000000200057","volume":"9","author":"H Tai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tai H, et al. Clinical features and classification of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. Neurol Genet. 2023;9(2):e200057.","journal-title":"Neurol Genet"},{"issue":"D1","key":"3576_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1670","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae973","volume":"53","author":"S Jiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jiang S, et al. Generic diagramming platform (GDP): a comprehensive database of high-quality biomedical graphics. Nucleic Acids Res. 2025;53(D1):D1670\u20136.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"3576_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.624321","volume":"12","author":"J Pang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pang J, et al. The value of NOTCH2NLC gene detection and skin biopsy in the diagnosis of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. Front Neurol. 2021;12:624321.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"721","key":"3576_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adi7828","volume":"15","author":"HG Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee HG, et al. Neuroinflammation: an astrocyte perspective. Sci Transl Med. 2023;15(721):eadi7828.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"3576_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bao L et al. Immune system involvement in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol, 2024;50(2):e12976.","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12976"},{"issue":"12","key":"3576_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2022.08.084","volume":"17","author":"K Mori","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mori K, et al. Imaging findings and pathological correlations of subacute encephalopathy with neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease-case report. Radiol Case Rep. 2022;17(12):4481\u20136.","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"3576_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4475","volume":"20","author":"M Prinz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Prinz M, Priller J. The role of peripheral immune cells in the CNS in steady state and disease. Nat Neurosci. 2017;20(2):136\u201344.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12778","volume":"42","author":"D Yoshii","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yoshii D, et al. An autopsy case of adult-onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease with perivascular preservation in cerebral white matter. Neuropathology. 2021;42(1):66\u201373.","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"3576_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.45.1.491","volume":"45","author":"KJ Tracey","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tracey KJ, Cerami A. Tumor necrosis factor: a pleiotropic cytokine and therapeutic target. Annu Rev Med. 1994;45:491\u2013503.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"3576_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3720","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-07-273417","volume":"117","author":"CA Dinarello","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dinarello CA. Interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory diseases. Blood. 2011;117(14):3720\u201332.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"10","key":"3576_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a016295","volume":"6","author":"T Tanaka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tanaka T, Narazaki M, Kishimoto T. IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2014;6(10):a016295.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3576_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-021-02313-3","volume":"128","author":"X Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu X, Hong D. Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease: recognition and update. J Neural Transm. 2021;128(3):295\u2013303.","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16102","volume":"31","author":"L Bao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bao L, et al. Utility of labial salivary gland biopsy in the histological diagnosis of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. Eur J Neurol. 2024;31(1):e16102.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3576_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e213360","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000213360","volume":"104","author":"S Zhong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhong S, et al. Spatial and Temporal distribution of white matter lesions in NOTCH2NLC-Related neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. Neurology. 2025;104(4):e213360.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3576_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du N et al. Value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. Heliyon, 2024;10(6):e27953.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e27953"},{"issue":"9","key":"3576_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3189","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-023-06822-9","volume":"44","author":"Y Yan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yan Y, et al. The clinical characteristics of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease and its relation with inflammation. Neurol Sci. 2023;44(9):3189\u201397.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"3576_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen Y et al. uN2CpolyG-mediated p65 nuclear sequestration suppresses the NF-\u03baB-NLRP3 pathway in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. Cell Communication Signal, 2025;23(1):68.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-025-02079-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00688467","volume":"63","author":"J Tateishi","year":"1984","unstructured":"Tateishi J, et al. Intranuclear inclusions in muscle, nervous tissue, and adrenal gland. Acta Neuropathol. 1984;63(1):24\u201332.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"3576_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Platero JL et al. The impact of coconut oil and Epigallocatechin gallate on the levels of IL-6, anxiety and disability in multiple sclerosis patients. Nutrients, 2020;12(2):305.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020305"},{"issue":"24","key":"3576_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9173","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1000-15.2015","volume":"35","author":"BT Casali","year":"2015","unstructured":"Casali BT, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids augment the actions of nuclear receptor agonists in a mouse model of alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neurosci. 2015;35(24):9173\u201381.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3576_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2021.07.002","volume":"12","author":"A Chauhan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chauhan A, et al. Phytochemicals targeting NF-\u03baB signaling: potential anti-cancer interventions. J Pharm Anal. 2022;12(3):394\u2013405.","journal-title":"J Pharm Anal"},{"issue":"7","key":"3576_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2016.1212854","volume":"127","author":"T Shabab","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shabab T, et al. Neuroinflammation pathways: a general review. Int J Neurosci. 2017;127(7):624\u201333.","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"3576_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a001651","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a001651","volume":"1","author":"T Lawrence","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lawrence T. The nuclear factor NF-kappaB pathway in inflammation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2009;1(6):a001651.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3576_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3041","volume":"11","author":"M Gleeson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gleeson M, et al. The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: mechanisms and implications for the prevention and treatment of disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011;11(9):607\u201315.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3576_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00734.2009","volume":"107","author":"BK Pedersen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pedersen BK. Adolph distinguished lecture: muscle as an endocrine organ: IL-6 and other myokines. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009;107(4):1006\u201314. Edward F.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3576_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E433","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00074.2003","volume":"285","author":"A Steensberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Steensberg A, et al. IL-6 enhances plasma IL-1ra, IL-10, and cortisol in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003;285(2):E433\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"3576_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-008-0402-1","volume":"24","author":"Q Ma","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ma Q. Beneficial effects of moderate voluntary physical exercise and its biological mechanisms on brain health. Neurosci Bull. 2008;24(4):265\u201370.","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"issue":"17","key":"3576_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4217","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0496-05.2005","volume":"25","author":"PA Adlard","year":"2005","unstructured":"Adlard PA, et al. Voluntary exercise decreases amyloid load in a transgenic model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neurosci. 2005;25(17):4217\u201321.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3576_CR41","first-page":"672","volume":"14","author":"S Periasamy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Periasamy S, et al. Sleep deprivation-induced multi-organ injury: role of oxidative stress and inflammation. Excli J. 2015;14:672\u201383.","journal-title":"Excli J"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.112270","volume":"107","author":"WT Shearer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shearer WT, et al. Soluble TNF-alpha receptor 1 and IL-6 plasma levels in humans subjected to the sleep deprivation model of spaceflight. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;107(1):165\u201370.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3576_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.1173","volume":"71","author":"S Ooms","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ooms S, et al. Effect of 1 night of total sleep deprivation on cerebrospinal fluid \u03b2-amyloid 42 in healthy middle-aged men: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(8):971\u20137.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3576_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-023-04736-5","volume":"80","author":"RJ Reiter","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reiter RJ, et al. Brain washing and neural health: role of age, sleep, and the cerebrospinal fluid melatonin rhythm. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2023;80(4):88.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3576_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12667","volume":"23","author":"HY Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao HY, et al. Chronic sleep restriction induces cognitive deficits and cortical Beta-Amyloid deposition in mice via BACE1-Antisense activation. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2017;23(3):233\u201340.","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"3576_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2022.09.088","volume":"632","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Y, et al. Quercetin ameliorates memory impairment by inhibiting abnormal microglial activation in a mouse model of Paradoxical sleep deprivation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2022;632:10\u20136.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"3576_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.05.022","volume":"120","author":"MR Irwin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Irwin MR, et al. Tai Chi compared with cognitive behavioral therapy and the reversal of systemic, cellular and genomic markers of inflammation in breast cancer survivors with insomnia: A randomized clinical trial. Brain Behav Immun. 2024;120:159\u201366.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"3576_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.04.003","volume":"103","author":"JM Dutcher","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dutcher JM, et al. Smartphone mindfulness meditation training reduces Pro-inflammatory gene expression in stressed adults: A randomized controlled trial. Brain Behav Immun. 2022;103:171\u20137.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"10","key":"3576_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000122","volume":"84","author":"E Walsh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Walsh E, Eisenlohr-Moul T, Baer R. Brief mindfulness training reduces salivary IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 in young women with depressive symptomatology. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2016;84(10):887\u201397.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR50","first-page":"33","volume":"31","author":"DI Patel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patel DI, et al. Therapeutic yoga reduces pro-tumorigenic cytokines in cancer survivors. Support Care Cancer. 2022;31(1):33.","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"3576_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.01.021","volume":"78","author":"CC Streeter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Streeter CC, et al. Effects of yoga on the autonomic nervous system, gamma-aminobutyric-acid, and allostasis in epilepsy, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Med Hypotheses. 2012;78(5):571\u20139.","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"2","key":"3576_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12924","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.12924","volume":"27","author":"FO Ozturk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ozturk FO, Tezel A. Effect of laughter yoga on mental symptoms and salivary cortisol levels in first-year nursing students: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Pract. 2021;27(2):e12924.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"3576_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kaab043","volume":"56","author":"RG Nair","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nair RG, Vasudev MM, Mavathur R. Role of yoga and its plausible mechanism in the mitigation of DNA damage in Type-2 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial. Ann Behav Med. 2022;56(3):235\u201344.","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"3576_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e848","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013225","volume":"98","author":"SJ Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen SJ, et al. Association of fecal and plasma levels of Short-Chain fatty acids with gut microbiota and clinical severity in patients with Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2022;98(8):e848\u201358.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3576_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2024.105745","volume":"176","author":"P Chakraborty","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chakraborty P, Gamage H, Laird AS. Butyrate as a potential therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disorders. Neurochem Int. 2024;176:105745.","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2402547","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2402547","volume":"16","author":"N Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li N, et al. Prebiotic inulin controls Th17 cells mediated central nervous system autoimmunity through modulating the gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids. Gut Microbes. 2024;16(1):2402547.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"10","key":"3576_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02216-7","volume":"28","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y, et al. Transmission of alzheimer\u2019s disease-associated microbiota dysbiosis and its impact on cognitive function: evidence from mice and patients. Mol Psychiatry. 2023;28(10):4421\u201337.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"3576_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317431","volume":"69","author":"MS Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim MS, et al. Transfer of a healthy microbiota reduces amyloid and Tau pathology in an alzheimer\u2019s disease animal model. Gut. 2020;69(2):283\u201394.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200064","volume":"75","author":"MA Beydoun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beydoun MA, et al. Clinical and bacterial markers of periodontitis and their association with incident All-Cause and alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia in a large National survey. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;75(1):157\u201372.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"3576_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204941","volume":"13","author":"V Ilievski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ilievski V, et al. Chronic oral application of a periodontal pathogen results in brain inflammation, neurodegeneration and amyloid beta production in wild type mice. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(10):e0204941.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02747-4","volume":"20","author":"RP Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang RP, et al. IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1 play an important role in modulating the risk of periodontitis and alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neuroinflammation. 2023;20(1):71.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaau3333","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau3333","volume":"5","author":"SS Dominy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dominy SS, et al. Porphyromonas gingivalis in alzheimer\u2019s disease brains: evidence for disease causation and treatment with small-molecule inhibitors. Sci Adv. 2019;5(1):eaau3333.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"6","key":"3576_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039216","volume":"7","author":"J Brettschneider","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brettschneider J, et al. Microglial activation correlates with disease progression and upper motor neuron clinical symptoms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(6):e39216.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"3576_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/14660820410020286","volume":"5","author":"MC Graves","year":"2004","unstructured":"Graves MC, et al. Inflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord and brain is mediated by activated macrophages, mast cells and T cells. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord. 2004;5(4):213\u20139.","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"3576_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10805","volume":"55","author":"JS Henkel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Henkel JS, et al. Presence of dendritic cells, MCP-1, and activated microglia\/macrophages in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord tissue. Ann Neurol. 2004;55(2):221\u201335.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3576_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3010","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac135","volume":"145","author":"YH Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu YH, et al. Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease in patients with adult-onset non-vascular leukoencephalopathy. Brain. 2022;145(9):3010\u201321.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"19","key":"3576_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2295","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007464","volume":"92","author":"L Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen L, et al. Teaching neuroimages: the zigzag edging sign of adult-onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. Neurology. 2019;92(19):e2295-6.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2017160075","volume":"37","author":"DC Fragoso","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fragoso DC, et al. Imaging of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: imaging patterns and their differential diagnosis. Radiographics. 2017;37(1):234\u201357.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"3","key":"3576_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2012.08.002","volume":"40","author":"TJ Muttikkal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Muttikkal TJ, Wintermark M. MRI patterns of global hypoxic-ischemic injury in adults. J Neuroradiol. 2013;40(3):164\u201371.","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3576_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcac125","volume":"115","author":"M Hasebe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hasebe M, et al. Hypoglycemic encephalopathy. QJM. 2022;115(7):478\u20139.","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"3","key":"3576_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2023.09.004","volume":"51","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Z, et al. MRI features of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease, combining visual and quantitative imaging investigations. J Neuroradiol. 2024;51(3):274\u201380.","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3576_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04675","volume":"6","author":"S Okamura","year":"2020","unstructured":"Okamura S, et al. A case of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease with recurrent vomiting and without apparent DWI abnormality for the first seven years. Heliyon. 2020;6(8):e04675.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"3576_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.934725","volume":"14","author":"Y Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Y, et al. Clinical and mechanism advances of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022;14:934725.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"3576_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09945-7","volume":"267","author":"H Liang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liang H, et al. Clinical and pathological features in adult-onset NIID patients with cortical enhancement. J Neurol. 2020;267(11):3187\u201398.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3576_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4501","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-024-07492-x","volume":"45","author":"Y Shen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shen Y, et al. Encephalitis-like episodes with cortical edema and enhancement in patients with neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. Neurol Sci. 2024;45(9):4501\u201311.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"3576_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.53","volume":"32","author":"AH Jacobs","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jacobs AH, Tavitian B. Noninvasive molecular imaging of neuroinflammation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2012;32(7):1393\u2013415.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"3576_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corica F et al. PET imaging of Neuro-Inflammation with tracers targeting the translocator protein (TSPO), a systematic review: from bench to bedside. Diagnostics (Basel), 2023;13(6):1029.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13061029"},{"issue":"2","key":"3576_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10144","volume":"40","author":"RB Banati","year":"2002","unstructured":"Banati RB. Visualising microglial activation in vivo. Glia. 2002;40(2):206\u201317.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"3","key":"3576_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2003.12.012","volume":"15","author":"MR Turner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Turner MR, et al. Evidence of widespread cerebral microglial activation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an [11 C](R)-PK11195 positron emission tomography study. Neurobiol Dis. 2004;15(3):601\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"3576_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51112","volume":"7","author":"G Tondo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tondo G, et al. (11) C-PK11195 PET-based molecular study of microglia activation in SOD1 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2020;7(9):1513\u201323.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3576_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad078","volume":"146","author":"M Malpetti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Malpetti M, et al. Microglial activation in the frontal cortex predicts cognitive decline in frontotemporal dementia. Brain. 2023;146(8):3221\u201331.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-024-02776-0","volume":"148","author":"S Zhong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhong S, et al. Microglia contribute to polyG-dependent neurodegeneration in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. Acta Neuropathol. 2024;148(1):21.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3576_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-013-2606-5","volume":"41","author":"BF Hutton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hutton BF. The origins of SPECT and SPECT\/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014;41(Suppl 1):S3-16.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"3576_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbp.2012.07.002","volume":"34","author":"M Benadiba","year":"2012","unstructured":"Benadiba M, et al. New molecular targets for PET and SPECT imaging in neurodegenerative diseases. Braz J Psychiatry. 2012;34(Suppl 2):S125\u201336.","journal-title":"Braz J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"3576_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/ncn3.12163","volume":"5","author":"T Kimachi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kimachi T, et al. Reversible encephalopathy with focal brain edema in patients with neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience. 2017;5(6):198\u2013200.","journal-title":"Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"3576_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000389","volume":"7","author":"K Fujita","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fujita K, et al. Neurologic attack and dynamic perfusion abnormality in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. Neurol Clin Pract. 2017;7(6):e39-42.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-023-01111-6","volume":"13","author":"Y Pan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pan Y, et al. Expression of expanded GGC repeats within NOTCH2NLC causes cardiac dysfunction in mouse models. Cell Biosci. 2023;13(1):157.","journal-title":"Cell Biosci"},{"key":"3576_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-016-0071-x","volume":"11","author":"A Heslegrave","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heslegrave A, et al. Increased cerebrospinal fluid soluble TREM2 concentration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol Neurodegener. 2016;11:3.","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"issue":"10","key":"3576_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.025","volume":"68","author":"R Craig-Schapiro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Craig-Schapiro R, et al. YKL-40: a novel prognostic fluid biomarker for preclinical alzheimer\u2019s disease. Biol Psychiatry. 2010;68(10):903\u201312.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"3576_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00314423","volume":"233","author":"R Crols","year":"1986","unstructured":"Crols R, et al. Increased GFAP levels in CSF as a marker of organicity in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other types of irreversible chronic organic brain syndrome. J Neurol. 1986;233(3):157\u201360.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1080\/19336896.2021.1935105","volume":"15","author":"P Andr\u00e9s-Benito","year":"2021","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9s-Benito P, et al. Differential astrocyte and oligodendrocyte vulnerability in murine Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Prion. 2021;15(1):112\u201320.","journal-title":"Prion"},{"key":"3576_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1134661","volume":"14","author":"M Mussbacher","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mussbacher M, et al. NF-\u03baB in monocytes and macrophages - an inflammatory master regulator in multitalented immune cells. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1134661.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3576_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.591803","volume":"11","author":"M Biasizzo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Biasizzo M, Kopitar-Jerala N. Interplay between NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy. Front Immunol. 2020;11:591803.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00945-15","volume":"84","author":"Q Deng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deng Q, et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa triggers macrophage autophagy to escape intracellular killing by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Infect Immun. 2016;84(1):56\u201366.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"5966","key":"3576_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178331","volume":"327","author":"F Geissmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Geissmann F, et al. Development of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Science. 2010;327(5966):656\u201361.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"3576_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3712","volume":"14","author":"M Guilliams","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guilliams M, et al. Dendritic cells, monocytes and macrophages: a unified nomenclature based on ontogeny. Nat Rev Immunol. 2014;14(8):571\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3576_CR97","first-page":"292","volume":"179","author":"M Prinz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Prinz M, Jung S, Priller J. Microglia Biology: One Century Evol Concepts Cell. 2019;179(2):292\u2013311.","journal-title":"Microglia Biology: One Century Evol Concepts Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"3576_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.125","volume":"18","author":"Q Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li Q, Barres BA. Microglia and macrophages in brain homeostasis and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018;18(4):225\u201342.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"7638","key":"3576_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21029","volume":"541","author":"SA Liddelow","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liddelow SA, et al. Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia. Nature. 2017;541(7638):481\u20137.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"3576_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.018","volume":"169","author":"H Keren-Shaul","year":"2017","unstructured":"Keren-Shaul H, et al. A unique microglia type associated with restricting development of alzheimer\u2019s disease. Cell. 2017;169(7):1276\u2013e129017.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"3576_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.09.039","volume":"21","author":"H Mathys","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mathys H, et al. Temporal tracking of microglia activation in neurodegeneration at single-cell resolution. Cell Rep. 2017;21(2):366\u201380.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0695-9","volume":"26","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou Y, et al. Human and mouse single-nucleus transcriptomics reveal TREM2-dependent and TREM2-independent cellular responses in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Med. 2020;26(1):131\u201342.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3576_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.024","volume":"44","author":"F Ginhoux","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ginhoux F, Guilliams M. Tissue-resident macrophage ontogeny and homeostasis. Immunity. 2016;44(3):439\u201349.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"3576_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00514","volume":"5","author":"P Italiani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Italiani P, Boraschi D. From monocytes to M1\/M2 macrophages: phenotypical vs. functional differentiation. Front Immunol. 2014;5:514.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3576_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-074950","volume":"31","author":"M Merad","year":"2013","unstructured":"Merad M, et al. The dendritic cell lineage: ontogeny and function of dendritic cells and their subsets in the steady state and the inflamed setting. Annu Rev Immunol. 2013;31:563\u2013604.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03059-x","volume":"21","author":"R Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun R, Jiang H. Border-associated macrophages in the central nervous system. J Neuroinflammation. 2024;21(1):67.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"7","key":"3576_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3423","volume":"17","author":"T Goldmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goldmann T, et al. Origin, fate and dynamics of macrophages at central nervous system interfaces. Nat Immunol. 2016;17(7):797\u2013805.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3576_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0393-4","volume":"22","author":"H Van Hove","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Hove H, et al. A single-cell atlas of mouse brain macrophages reveals unique transcriptional identities shaped by ontogeny and tissue environment. Nat Neurosci. 2019;22(6):1021\u201335.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0522-3","volume":"118","author":"RD Bell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bell RD, Zlokovic BV. Neurovascular mechanisms and blood-brain barrier disorder in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Acta Neuropathol. 2009;118(1):103\u201313.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3576_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4674","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI86950","volume":"126","author":"G Faraco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Faraco G, et al. Perivascular macrophages mediate the neurovascular and cognitive dysfunction associated with hypertension. J Clin Invest. 2016;126(12):4674\u201389.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"3576_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0344-y","volume":"20","author":"R Rua","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rua R, et al. Infection drives meningeal engraftment by inflammatory monocytes that impairs CNS immunity. Nat Immunol. 2019;20(4):407\u201319.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3576_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.003","volume":"184","author":"N Dani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dani N, et al. A cellular and Spatial map of the choroid plexus across brain ventricles and ages. Cell. 2021;184(11):3056\u2013e307421.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"3576_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.01.011","volume":"48","author":"D Mrdjen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mrdjen D, et al. High-Dimensional Single-Cell mapping of central nervous system immune cells reveals distinct myeloid subsets in Health, Aging, and disease. Immunity. 2018;48(2):380\u201395. .e6.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"3","key":"3576_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311054","volume":"121","author":"L Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park L, et al. Brain perivascular macrophages initiate the neurovascular dysfunction of Alzheimer A\u03b2 peptides. Circ Res. 2017;121(3):258\u201369.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"7590","key":"3576_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16939","volume":"530","author":"C Schl\u00e4ger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schl\u00e4ger C, et al. Effector T-cell trafficking between the leptomeninges and the cerebrospinal fluid. Nature. 2016;530(7590):349\u201353.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"3576_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2916","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.010620","volume":"46","author":"J Herz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Herz J, et al. Role of neutrophils in exacerbation of brain injury after focal cerebral ischemia in hyperlipidemic mice. Stroke. 2015;46(10):2916\u201325.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"6","key":"3576_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0603-653","volume":"9","author":"P Carmeliet","year":"2003","unstructured":"Carmeliet P. Angiogenesis in health and disease. Nat Med. 2003;9(6):653\u201360.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3576_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70013-4","volume":"8","author":"SM Greenberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Greenberg SM, et al. Cerebral microbleeds: a guide to detection and interpretation. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8(2):165\u201374.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3576_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-301308","volume":"83","author":"A Charidimou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Charidimou A, Gang Q, Werring DJ. Sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy revisited: recent insights into pathophysiology and clinical spectrum. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2012;83(2):124\u201337.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"3576_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.041848","volume":"54","author":"YC Liao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liao YC, et al. NOTCH2NLC GGC repeat expansion in patients with vascular leukoencephalopathy. Stroke. 2023;54(5):1236\u201345.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"3576_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae274","volume":"148","author":"L Bao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bao L, et al. GGC repeat expansions in NOTCH2NLC cause uN2CpolyG cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Brain. 2025;148(2):467\u201379.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"9a","key":"3576_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2008.00434.x","volume":"13","author":"JK Ryu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ryu JK, McLarnon JG. A leaky blood-brain barrier, fibrinogen infiltration and microglial reactivity in inflamed Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain. J Cell Mol Med. 2009;13(9a):2911\u201325.","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1638-6","volume":"16","author":"Y Shan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shan Y, et al. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist reduces inflammation and blood-brain barrier breakdown in an astrocyte-dependent manner in experimental stroke. J Neuroinflammation. 2019;16(1):242.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"12","key":"3576_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.0156-22","volume":"62","author":"A Orihara","year":"2023","unstructured":"Orihara A, et al. Acute reversible encephalopathy with neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease diagnosed by a brain biopsy: inferring the mechanism of encephalopathy from radiological and histological findings. Intern Med. 2023;62(12):1821\u20135.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3576_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2904136","volume":"29","author":"YY Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li YY, et al. Interactions between beta-Amyloid and pericytes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2024;29(4):136.","journal-title":"Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13569","volume":"27","author":"X Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang X, Hussain B, Chang J. Peripheral inflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption: effects and mechanisms. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2021;27(1):36\u201347.","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"3576_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.02.004","volume":"36","author":"M Rahimifard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rahimifard M, et al. Targeting the TLR4 signaling pathway by polyphenols: a novel therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation. Ageing Res Rev. 2017;36:11\u20139.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-023-00388-4","volume":"13","author":"M Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang M, et al. Blockage of VEGF function by bevacizumab alleviates early-stage cerebrovascular dysfunction and improves cognitive function in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Transl Neurodegener. 2024;13(1):1.","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"issue":"8","key":"3576_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0456","volume":"14","author":"CP Wild","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wild CP. Complementing the genome with an exposome: the outstanding challenge of environmental exposure measurement in molecular epidemiology. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14(8):1847\u201350.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"3576_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doroszkiewicz J et al. Common and trace metals in alzheimer\u2019s and parkinson\u2019s diseases. Int J Mol Sci, 2023;24(21):15721.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115721"},{"issue":"2","key":"3576_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-100897","volume":"22","author":"Y Gu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gu Y, et al. Mediterranean diet, inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers, and risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;22(2):483\u201392.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"3576_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2020.101079","volume":"62","author":"E Flanagan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Flanagan E, et al. Nutrition and the ageing brain: moving towards clinical applications. Ageing Res Rev. 2020;62:101079.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"3576_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx156","volume":"140","author":"E Gelpi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gelpi E, et al. Neuronal intranuclear (hyaline) inclusion disease and fragile X-associated tremor\/ataxia syndrome: a morphological and molecular dilemma. Brain. 2017;140(8):e51.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"3576_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tolar M et al. Neurotoxic soluble amyloid oligomers drive alzheimer\u2019s pathogenesis and represent a clinically validated target for slowing disease progression. Int J Mol Sci, 2021;22(12):6355.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126355"},{"issue":"49","key":"3576_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2210766119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2210766119","volume":"119","author":"M Habashi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Habashi M, et al. Early diagnosis and treatment of alzheimer\u2019s disease by targeting toxic soluble A\u03b2 oligomers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022;119(49):e2210766119.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"3576_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9143-0","volume":"53","author":"ZX Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang ZX, et al. The essential role of soluble A\u03b2 oligomers in alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol Neurobiol. 2016;53(3):1905\u201324.","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3576_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00010.2018","volume":"99","author":"L Besedovsky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Besedovsky L, Lange T, Haack M. The sleep-immune crosstalk in health and disease. Physiol Rev. 2019;99(3):1325\u201380.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0985-4","volume":"14","author":"WJ Su","year":"2017","unstructured":"Su WJ, et al. Antidiabetic drug glyburide modulates depressive-like behavior comorbid with insulin resistance. J Neuroinflammation. 2017;14(1):210.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"10","key":"3576_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2873","volume":"10","author":"G Hajishengallis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hajishengallis G, Darveau RP, Curtis MA. The keystone-pathogen hypothesis. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012;10(10):717\u201325.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-1052-x","volume":"15","author":"J Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang J, et al. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induces cognitive dysfunction, mediated by neuronal inflammation via activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway in C57BL\/6 mice. J Neuroinflammation. 2018;15(1):37.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"2","key":"3576_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190298","volume":"72","author":"R Nie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nie R, et al. Porphyromonas gingivalis infection induces Amyloid-\u03b2 accumulation in Monocytes\/Macrophages. J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;72(2):479\u201394.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"3576_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4367","volume":"23","author":"DU Kemaladewi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kemaladewi DU, et al. Correction of a splicing defect in a mouse model of congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A using a homology-directed-repair-independent mechanism. Nat Med. 2017;23(8):984\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2008.110","volume":"16","author":"S Sarkar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sarkar S, et al. Rapamycin and mTOR-independent autophagy inducers ameliorate toxicity of polyglutamine-expanded Huntingtin and related proteinopathies. Cell Death Differ. 2009;16(1):46\u201356.","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"issue":"1","key":"3576_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.03.023","volume":"94","author":"JC Grima","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grima JC, et al. Mutant Huntingtin disrupts the nuclear pore complex. Neuron. 2017;94(1):93\u2013e1076.","journal-title":"Neuron"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroinflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-025-03576-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12974-025-03576-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-025-03576-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:05:17Z","timestamp":1761743117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12974-025-03576-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"references-count":144,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3576"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-025-03576-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-2094"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-2094","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"251"}}