{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:34:00Z","timestamp":1791315240711,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":50,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIHR PS 180244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIHR PS 180244"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004411","name":"Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HSFC GIA G-24-0036377"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HSFC GIA G-24-0036377"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroinflammation"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-026-03785-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T11:28:00Z","timestamp":1775561280000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Integrative imaging and transcriptomics implicate neutrophils in microvascular no-reflow after stroke"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sima","family":"Abbasi-Habashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonglie","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Guadalupe C.","family":"Real","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle M.","family":"Siegers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glen C.","family":"Jickling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian R.","family":"Winship","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"3785_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Manning NW, Campbell BCV, Oxley TJ, Chapot R. Acute Ischemic Stroke: Time, Penumbra, and Reperfusion. Stroke. 2014;45(2):640\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.113.003798.","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.113.003798"},{"key":"3785_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Jiang M, Gao Y, Zhao W, Wu C, Li C, et al. \u201cNo-reflow\u201d phenomenon in acute ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2024;44(1):19\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678x231208476.","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x231208476"},{"key":"3785_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bekkers SCAM, Yazdani SK, Virmani R, Waltenberger J. Microvascular Obstruction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2010;55(16):1649\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.12.037.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.12.037"},{"key":"3785_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"El Amki M, Gl\u00fcck C, Binder N, Middleham W, Wyss MT, Weiss T, et al. Neutrophils Obstructing Brain Capillaries Are a Major Cause of No-Reflow in Ischemic Stroke. Cell Reports. 2020;33(2):108260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108260.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108260"},{"key":"3785_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kang L, Yu H, Yang X, Zhu Y, Bai X, Wang R, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps released by neutrophils impair revascularization and vascular remodeling after stroke. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):2488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-16191-y.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16191-y"},{"key":"3785_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scholz M, Cinatl J, Sch\u00e4del-H\u00f6pfner M, Windolf J. Neutrophils and the blood-brain barrier dysfunction after trauma. Medicinal research reviews. 2007;27(3):401\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/med.20064.","DOI":"10.1002\/med.20064"},{"key":"3785_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Darbousset R, Thomas GM, Mezouar S, Fr\u00e8re C, Bonier R, Mackman N, et al. Tissue factor\u2013positive neutrophils bind to injured endothelial wall and initiate thrombus formation. Blood. 2012 Sep 6;120(10):2133\u201343. doi:10.1182\/blood-2012-06-437772","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-06-437772"},{"key":"3785_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faraday N, Schunke K, Saleem S, Fu J, Wang B, Zhang J, et al. Cathepsin G-Dependent Modulation of Platelet Thrombus Formation In Vivo by Blood Neutrophils. Zarbock A, editor. PLoS ONE. 2013 Aug 5;8(8):e71447. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0071447","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071447"},{"key":"3785_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuchs TA, Brill A, Wagner DD. Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Impact on Deep Vein Thrombosis. ATVB. 2012 Aug;32(8):1777\u201383. doi:10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.242859","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.242859"},{"key":"3785_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosell A, Cuadrado E, Ortega-Aznar A, Hern\u00e1ndez-Guillamon M, Lo EH, Montaner J. MMP-9\u2013Positive Neutrophil Infiltration Is Associated to Blood\u2013Brain Barrier Breakdown and Basal Lamina Type IV Collagen Degradation During Hemorrhagic Transformation After Human Ischemic Stroke. Stroke. 2008 Apr;39(4):1121\u20136. doi:10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.500868","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.500868"},{"key":"3785_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boivin G, Faget J, Ancey PB, Gkasti A, Mussard J, Engblom C, et al. Durable and controlled depletion of neutrophils in mice. Nature communications. 2020 Jun 2;11(1):2762.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16596-9"},{"key":"3785_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma J, Ma Y, Shuaib A, Winship IR. Impaired Collateral Flow in Pial Arterioles of Aged Rats During Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res. 2020 Apr;11(2):243\u201353. doi:10.1007\/s12975-019-00710-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-019-00710-1"},{"key":"3785_CR13","unstructured":"Nouraee C, Fisher M, Di Napoli M, Salazar P, Farr TD, Jafarli A, Divani AA. A brief review of edema-adjusted infarct volume measurement techniques for rodent focal cerebral ischemia models with practical recommendations. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Neurology. 2019 May;10(3):38."},{"key":"3785_CR14","unstructured":"Andrews S. FastQC: a quality control tool for high throughput sequence data."},{"key":"3785_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ewels, P., Magnusson, M., Lundin, S., & K\u00e4ller, M. (2016). MultiQC: summarize analysis results for multiple tools and samples in a single report. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 32(19), 3047\u20133048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw354","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw354"},{"key":"3785_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen S, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Gu J. fastp: an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor. Bioinformatics. 2018 Sep 1;34(17):i884-90.","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560"},{"key":"3785_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dobin A, Davis CA, Schlesinger F, Drenkow J, Zaleski C, Jha S, Batut P, Chaisson M, Gingeras TR. STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner. Bioinformatics. 2013 Jan;29(1):15\u201321.","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635"},{"key":"3785_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao Y, Smyth GK, Shi W. featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features. Bioinformatics. 2014 Apr 1;30(7):923\u2009\u2212\u200930.","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt656"},{"key":"3785_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Love MI, Huber W, Anders S. Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome biology. 2014;15:1\u201321.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8"},{"key":"3785_CR20","unstructured":"Blighe K, Lun A. PCAtools: Everything Principal Components Analysis. R package version 2.0. 0. 2020."},{"key":"3785_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Subramanian A, Tamayo P, Mootha VK, Mukherjee S, Ebert BL, Gillette MA, et al. Gene set enrichment analysis: A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2005;102(43):15545\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0506580102.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506580102"},{"key":"3785_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu G, Wang LG, Han Y, He QY. clusterProfiler: an R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters. Omics: a journal of integrative biology. 2012 May 1;16(5):284-7.","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2011.0118"},{"key":"3785_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Boivin G, Faget J, Ancey PB, Gkasti A, Mussard J, Engblom C, et al. Durable and controlled depletion of neutrophils in mice. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):2762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-16596-9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16596-9"},{"key":"3785_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schindelin J, Arganda-Carreras I, Frise E, Kaynig V, Longair M, Pietzsch T, et al. Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nature methods. 2012;9(7):676\u201382.","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019"},{"key":"3785_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shapiro SS, Wilk MB. An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika. 1965 Dec 1;52(3\u20134):591\u2013611.","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/52.3-4.591"},{"key":"3785_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robinson MD, McCarthy DJ, Smyth GK. edgeR: a Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data. bioinformatics. 2010 Jan 1;26(1):139\u2009\u2212\u200940.","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp616"},{"key":"3785_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rolfes L, Riek-Burchardt M, Pawlitzki M, Minnerup J, Bock S, Schmidt M, et al. Neutrophil granulocytes promote flow stagnation due to dynamic capillary stalls following experimental stroke. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2021;93:322\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.01.011.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.01.011"},{"key":"3785_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erdener \u015eE, Tang J, K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 K, Postnov D, Giblin JT, Kura S, et al. Dynamic capillary stalls in reperfused ischemic penumbra contribute to injury: A hyperacute role for neutrophils in persistent traffic jams. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2021 Feb;41(2):236\u201352. doi:10.1177\/0271678X20914179","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X20914179"},{"key":"3785_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yemisci M, Gursoy-Ozdemir Y, Vural A, Can A, Topalkara K, Dalkara T. Pericyte contraction induced by oxidative-nitrative stress impairs capillary reflow despite successful opening of an occluded cerebral artery. Nature medicine. 2009;15(9):1031\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.2022.","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2022"},{"key":"3785_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Okada Y, Copeland BR, Fitridge R, Koziol JA, del Zoppo GJ. Fibrin contributes to microvascular obstructions and parenchymal changes during early focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Stroke. 1994;25(9):1847\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.25.9.1847.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.25.9.1847"},{"key":"3785_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maksimenko AV, Turashev AD. No-reflow phenomenon and endothelial glycocalyx of microcirculation. Biochem Res Int. 2012;2012:859231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/859231.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/859231"},{"key":"3785_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sienel RI, Kataoka H, Kim SW, Seker FB, Plesnila N. Adhesion of leukocytes to cerebral venules precedes neuronal cell death and is sufficient to trigger tissue damage after cerebral ischemia. Frontiers in Neurology. 2022 Jan 24;12:807658.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.807658"},{"key":"3785_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Denorme F, Rustad JL, Campbell RA. Brothers in arms: platelets and neutrophils in ischemic stroke. Curr Opin Hematol. 2021;28(5):301\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000665.","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000665"},{"key":"3785_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shaik NF, Regan RF, Naik UP. Platelets as drivers of ischemia\/reperfusion injury after stroke. Blood Adv. 2021;5(5):1576\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020002888.","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020002888"},{"key":"3785_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"P\u00e9trault O, Ouk T, Gautier S, Laprais M, Gel\u00e9 P, Bastide M, et al. Pharmacological neutropenia prevents endothelial dysfunction but not smooth muscle functions impairment induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Br J Pharmacol. 2005;144(8):1051\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706124.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706124"},{"key":"3785_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eiserich JP, Baldus S, Brennan ML, Ma W, Zhang C, Tousson A, et al. Myeloperoxidase, a leukocyte-derived vascular NO oxidase. Science. 2002;296(5577):2391\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1106830.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1106830"},{"key":"3785_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Binder NF, El Amki M, Gl\u00fcck C, Middleham W, Reuss AM, Bertolo A, et al. Leptomeningeal collaterals regulate reperfusion in ischemic stroke and rescue the brain from futile recanalization. Neuron. 2024;112(9):1456-1472.e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.01.031.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.01.031"},{"key":"3785_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roy-O\u2019Reilly MA, Ahnstedt H, Spychala MS, Munshi Y, Aronowski J, Sansing LH, et al. Aging exacerbates neutrophil pathogenicity in ischemic stroke. Aging (Albany NY). 2020;12(1):436\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.102632.","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102632"},{"key":"3785_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Manwani B, Liu F, Scranton V, Hammond MD, Sansing LH, McCullough LD. Differential effects of aging and sex on stroke induced inflammation across the lifespan. Experimental neurology. 2013;249:120\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2013.08.011.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2013.08.011"},{"key":"3785_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lu J, Li H, Zhang G, Yang F, Zhang X, Ping A, et al. Age-Related Alterations in Peripheral Immune Landscape with Magnified Impact on Post-Stroke Brain. Research. 2023;6:0287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/research.0287.","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0287"},{"key":"3785_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Bonilla L, Shahanoor Z, Sciortino R, Nazarzoda O, Racchumi G, Iadecola C, Anrather J. Brain and blood single-cell transcriptomics in acute and subacute phases after experimental stroke. bioRxiv. 2023 Apr 3.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.03.31.535150"},{"key":"3785_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sirni\u00f6 P, Tuomisto A, Tervahartiala T, Sorsa T, Klintrup K, Karhu T, Herzig KH, M\u00e4kel\u00e4 J, Karttunen TJ, Salo T, M\u00e4kinen MJ. High-serum MMP-8 levels are associated with decreased survival and systemic inflammation in colorectal cancer. British journal of cancer. 2018 Jul 17;119(2):213-9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-018-0136-4"},{"key":"3785_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sobowale OA, Parry-Jones AR, Smith CJ, Tyrrell PJ, Rothwell NJ, Allan SM. Interleukin-1 in stroke: from bench to bedside. Stroke. 2016;47(8):2160\u20137.","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.010001"},{"key":"3785_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deczkowska A, Matcovitch-Natan O, Tsitsou-Kampeli A, Ben-Hamo S, Dvir-Szternfeld R, Spinrad A, Singer O, David E, Winter DR, Smith LK, Kertser A. Mef2C restrains microglial inflammatory response and is lost in brain ageing in an IFN-I-dependent manner. Nature communications. 2017 Sep 28;8(1):717.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00769-0"},{"key":"3785_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li Z, McKercher SR, Cui J, Nie Z, Soussou W, Roberts AJ, et al. Myocyte enhancer factor 2C as a neurogenic and antiapoptotic transcription factor in murine embryonic stem cells. Journal of Neuroscience. 2008;28(26):6557\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0134-08.2008.","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0134-08.2008"},{"key":"3785_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yan H, Kawano T, Kanki H, Nishiyama K, Shimamura M, Mochizuki H, et al. Role of Polymorphonuclear Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Neutrophils in Ischemic Stroke. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2023;12(6):e028125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.122.028125.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.028125"},{"key":"3785_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Enlimomab Acute Stroke Trial Investigators. Use of anti-ICAM-1 therapy in ischemic stroke: Results of the Enlimomab Acute Stroke Trial. Neurology. 2001;57(8):1428\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.57.8.1428.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.8.1428"},{"key":"3785_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Krams M, Lees KR, Hacke W, Grieve AP, Orgogozo JM, Ford GA. Acute Stroke Therapy by Inhibition of Neutrophils (ASTIN): An Adaptive Dose-Response Study of UK-279,276 in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke. 2003;34(11):2543\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000092527.33910.89.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000092527.33910.89"},{"key":"3785_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elkind MS, Veltkamp R, Montaner J, Johnston SC, Singhal AB, Becker K, Lansberg MG, Tang W, Kasliwal R, Elkins J. Natalizumab in acute ischemic stroke (ACTION II) A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology. 2020 Aug 25;95(8):e1091-104.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010038"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroinflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12974-026-03785-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-026-03785-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-026-03785-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T23:47:40Z","timestamp":1779839260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12974-026-03785-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3785"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-026-03785-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-2094"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-2094","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animal procedures were approved by the University of Alberta Animal Care and Use Committee in accordance with the guidelines established by the Canadian Council on Animal Care.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"175"}}