{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T01:53:54Z","timestamp":1781488434759,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":52,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82201436"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82201436"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82130035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82130035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024A1515012877"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A1515012877"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Science-Brain Project","award":["2024A04J4627"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A04J4627"]}]},{"name":"National Distinguished Physicians","award":["C2250501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C2250501"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases","award":["2020B1111170002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1111170002"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Province International Cooperation Base for Early Intervention and Functional Rehabilitation of Neurological Diseases","award":["2020A0505020004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020A0505020004"]}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Major Difficult and Rare Diseases Project","award":["2024MDRD02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024MDRD02"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center for Major Neurological Disease Treatment"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016101","name":"Guangdong Provincial Translational Medicine Innovation Platform for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Disease","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Clinical Research and Translational Center for Major Neurological Diseases"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroinflammation"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-026-03802-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T04:46:30Z","timestamp":1777005990000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Glymphatic dysfunction contributes to thalamic iron retention and secondary thalamic injury after stroke: evidence from primates and rodents"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jiating","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinran","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingfeng","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiya","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyi","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miaoxian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisi","family":"Zha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weixian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fubing","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinsheng","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"3802_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.632448","volume":"43","author":"J Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang J, Zhang Y, Xing S, Liang Z, Zeng J. Secondary neurodegeneration in remote regions after focal cerebral infarction: a new target for stroke management? Stroke. 2012;43(6):1700\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.632448.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"7","key":"3802_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx135","volume":"140","author":"M Duering","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duering M, Schmidt R. Remote changes after ischaemic infarcts: a distant target for therapy? Brain. 2017;140(7):1818\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awx135.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"7","key":"3802_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx114","volume":"140","author":"G Kuchcinski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kuchcinski G, Munsch F, Lopes R, Bigourdan A, Su J, Sagnier S, Renou P, Pruvo JP, Rutt BK, Dousset V, et al. Thalamic alterations remote to infarct appear as focal iron accumulation and impact clinical outcome. Brain. 2017;140(7):1932\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awx114.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"10","key":"3802_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3153","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.038846","volume":"53","author":"H Yamauchi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yamauchi H, Kagawa S, Kusano K, Ito M, Okuyama C. Neuronal alterations in secondary thalamic degeneration due to cerebral infarction: a (11)C-flumazenil positron emission tomography study. Stroke. 2022;53(10):3153\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.038846.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"6","key":"3802_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968319846121","volume":"33","author":"G Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu G, Tan X, Dang C, Tan S, Xing S, Huang N, Peng K, Xie C, Tang X, Zeng J. Regional shape abnormalities in thalamus and verbal memory impairment after subcortical infarction. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2019;33(6):476\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1545968319846121.","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"issue":"7","key":"3802_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000169933.88903.cf","volume":"36","author":"T van Groen","year":"2005","unstructured":"van Groen T, Puurunen K, M\u00e4ki HM, Sivenius J, Jolkkonen J. Transformation of diffuse beta-amyloid precursor protein and beta-amyloid deposits to plaques in the thalamus after transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats. Stroke. 2005;36(7):1551\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000169933.88903.cf.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"23","key":"3802_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13101","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222313101","volume":"22","author":"SM Stuckey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stuckey SM, Ong LK, Collins-Praino LE, Turner RJ. Neuroinflammation as a key driver of secondary neurodegeneration following stroke? Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(23):13101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms222313101.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"3802_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.127","volume":"31","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Xing S, Zhang J, Li J, Li C, Pei Z, Zeng J. Reduction of \u03b2-amyloid deposits by \u03b3-secretase inhibitor is associated with the attenuation of secondary damage in the ipsilateral thalamus and sensory functional improvement after focal cortical infarction in hypertensive rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2011;31(2):572\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.127.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"3802_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.541128","volume":"40","author":"M Fisher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fisher M, Feuerstein G, Howells DW, Hurn PD, Kent TA, Savitz SI, Lo EH, STAIR Group. Update of the stroke therapy academic industry roundtable preclinical recommendations. Stroke. 2009;40(6):2244\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.541128.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"3802_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2013.06.016","volume":"248","author":"A Lipsanen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lipsanen A, Kalesnykas G, Pro-Sistiaga P, Hiltunen M, Vanninen R, Bernaudin M, Touzani O, Jolkkonen J. Lack of secondary pathology in the thalamus after focal cerebral ischemia in nonhuman primates. Exp Neurol. 2013;248:224\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2013.06.016.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3802_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12764","volume":"30","author":"F Ouyang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ouyang F, Chen X, Chen Y, Liang J, Chen Y, Lu T, Huang W, Zeng J. Neuronal loss without amyloid-\u03b2 deposits in the thalamus and hippocampus in the late period after middle cerebral artery occlusion in cynomolgus monkeys. Brain Pathol. 2020;30(1):165\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bpa.12764.","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"3802_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.05.030","volume":"1581","author":"M Walberer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Walberer M, Jantzen SU, Backes H, Rueger MA, Keuters MH, Neumaier B, Hoehn H, Fink GR, Graf R, Schroeter M. In-vivo detection of inflammation and neurodegeneration in the chronic phase after permanent embolic stroke in rats. Brain Res. 2014;1581:80\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.05.030.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"3802_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.503565","volume":"39","author":"C Justicia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Justicia C, Ramos-Cabrer P, Hoehn M. MRI detection of secondary damage after stroke: chronic iron accumulation in the thalamus of the rat brain. Stroke. 2008;39(5):1541\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.503565.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"3802_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01969-z","volume":"9","author":"Q Ru","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ru Q, Li Y, Chen L, Wu Y, Min J, Wang F. Iron homeostasis and ferroptosis in human diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024;9(1):271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-024-01969-z.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"3802_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.037834","volume":"53","author":"HH Tsai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tsai HH, Hsieh YC, Lin JS, Kuo ZT, Ho CY, Chen CH, Chang CF. Functional investigation of meningeal lymphatic system in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2022;53(3):987\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.037834.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"3802_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24639","volume":"73","author":"W Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen W, Liang C, Peng S, Bao S, Xue F, Lian X, Liu Y, Wang G. Aquaporin-4 activation facilitates glymphatic system function and hematoma clearance post-intracerebral hemorrhage. Glia. 2025;73(2):368\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.24639.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"3802_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559603","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.559603","volume":"12","author":"W Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou W, Shen B, Shen WQ, Chen H, Zheng YF, Fei JJ. Dysfunction of the glymphatic system might be related to iron deposition in the normal aging brain. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020;12:559603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2020.559603.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"3802_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997743","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.997743","volume":"16","author":"C Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li C, Lin L, Sun C, Hao X, Yin L, Zhang X, Tian J, Yao Z, Feng X, Yang Y. Glymphatic system in the thalamus, secondary degeneration area was severely impaired at 2nd week after transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats. Front Neurosci. 2022;16:997743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2022.997743.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"3802_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-140440","volume":"33","author":"X Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen X, Dang G, Dang C, Liu G, Xing S, Chen Y, Xu Q, Zeng J. An ischemic stroke model of nonhuman primates for remote lesion studies: a behavioral and neuroimaging investigation. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2015;33(2):131\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/RNN-140440.","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"3802_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199705000-00001","volume":"17","author":"H Nawashiro","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nawashiro H, Tasaki K, Ruetzler CA, Hallenbeck JM. TNF-alpha pretreatment induces protective effects against focal cerebral ischemia in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1997;17(5):483\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004647-199705000-00001.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"3802_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2007.12.040","volume":"17","author":"VJ Huber","year":"2009","unstructured":"Huber VJ, Tsujita M, Nakada T. Identification of aquaporin 4 inhibitors using in vitro and in silico methods. Bioorg Med Chem. 2009;17(1):411\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bmc.2007.12.040.","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"3802_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01439-2","volume":"16","author":"DM Lopes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lopes DM, Wells JA, Ma D, Wallis L, Park D, Llewellyn SK, Ahmed Z, Lythgoe MF, Harrison IF. Glymphatic inhibition exacerbates tau propagation in an Alzheimer\u2019s disease model. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2024;16(1):71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-024-01439-2.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"3802_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.045037","volume":"55","author":"Z Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang Z, Wei J, Liang J, Huang W, Ouyang F, Chen C, Li P, Cao S, Cai Y, Li J, et al. Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide alleviates secondary brain damage and improves working memory after stroke in cynomolgus monkeys. Stroke. 2024;55(3):725\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.045037.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"3802_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.116","volume":"1","author":"CV Vorhees","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vorhees CV, Williams MT. Morris water maze: procedures for assessing spatial and related forms of learning and memory. Nat Protoc. 2006;1(2):848\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nprot.2006.116.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"issue":"9","key":"3802_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4750","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4750","volume":"35","author":"J Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu J, Peng S, Zhang Y, Pan B, Chen H, Hu X, Gong NJ. Developmental trajectory of magnetic susceptibility in the healthy rhesus macaque brain. NMR Biomed. 2022;35(9):e4750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nbm.4750.","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"issue":"10","key":"3802_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx191","volume":"140","author":"G Ringstad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ringstad G, Vatnehol SAS, Eide PK. Glymphatic MRI in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Brain. 2017;140(10):2691\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awx191.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"13","key":"3802_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e121537","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.121537","volume":"3","author":"G Ringstad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ringstad G, Valnes LM, Dale AM, Pripp AH, Vatnehol SS, Emblem KE, Mardal KA, Eide PK. Brain-wide glymphatic enhancement and clearance in humans assessed with MRI. JCI Insight. 2018;3(13):e121537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.121537.","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"3","key":"3802_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25670","volume":"87","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Cai J, Zhang W, Gong X, Yan S, Zhang K, Luo Z, Sun J, Jiang Q, Lou M. Impairment of the glymphatic pathway and putative meningeal lymphatic vessels in the aging human. Ann Neurol. 2020;87(3):357\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25670.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"3802_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118257","volume":"238","author":"W Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang W, Zhou Y, Wang J, Gong X, Chen Z, Zhang X, Cai J, Chen S, Fang L, Sun J, et al. Glymphatic clearance function in patients with cerebral small vessel disease. NeuroImage. 2021;238:118257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118257.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"3802_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-0592-9_19","volume":"2144","author":"A Christensen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Christensen A, Pike CJ. Staining and Quantification of \u03b2-Amyloid pathology in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2144:211\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-0592-9_19.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3802_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16654920","volume":"37","author":"LK Ong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ong LK, Zhao Z, Kluge M, Walker FR, Nilsson M. Chronic stress exposure following photothrombotic stroke is associated with increased levels of amyloid beta accumulation and altered oligomerisation at sites of thalamic secondary neurodegeneration in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2017;37(4):1338\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678X16654920.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"3802_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003504","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2024-003504","volume":"10","author":"X Long","year":"2025","unstructured":"Long X, Zeng J. Why non-human primates are needed in stroke preclinical research. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2025;10(2):e003504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/svn-2024-003504.","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3802_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X221078065","volume":"42","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zhao B, Lai Q, Li Q, Tang X, Zhang Y, Pan Z, Gao Q, Zhong Z. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and blood-brain barrier disruption in uninjured brain areas of rhesus monkeys subjected to transient ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2022;42(7):1335\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678X221078065.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"3802_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-015-0056-1","volume":"10","author":"Z Xu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xu Z, Xiao N, Chen Y, Huang H, Marshall C, Gao J, Cai Z, Wu T, Hu G, Xiao M. Deletion of aquaporin-4 in APP\/PS1 mice exacerbates brain A\u03b2 accumulation and memory deficits. Mol Neurodegener. 2015;10:58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-015-0056-1.","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"3802_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24271","volume":"76","author":"BT Kress","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kress BT, Iliff JJ, Xia M, Wang M, Wei HS, Zeppenfeld D, Xie L, Kang H, Xu Q, Liew JA, et al. Impairment of paravascular clearance pathways in the aging brain. Ann Neurol. 2014;76:845\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.24271.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3802_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa179","volume":"143","author":"IF Harrison","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harrison IF, Ismail O, Machhada A, Colgan N, Ohene Y, Nahavandi P, Ahmed Z, Fisher A, Meftah S, Murray TK, et al. Impaired glymphatic function and clearance of tau in an Alzheimer\u2019s disease model. Brain. 2020;143(8):2576\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awaa179.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"3802_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.4370","volume":"74","author":"DM Zeppenfeld","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zeppenfeld DM, Simon M, Haswell JD, D\u2019Abreo D, Murchison C, Quinn JF, Grafe MR, Woltjer RL, Kaye J, Iliff JJ, et al. Association of perivascular localization of aquaporin-4 with cognition and Alzheimer disease in aging brains. JAMA Neurol. 2017;74(1):91\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.4370.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"8002","key":"3802_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07132-6","volume":"627","author":"MH Murdock","year":"2024","unstructured":"Murdock MH, Yang CY, Sun N, Pao PC, Blanco-Duque C, Kahn MC, Kim T, Lavoie NS, Victor MB, Islam MR, et al. Multisensory gamma stimulation promotes glymphatic clearance of amyloid. Nature. 2024;627(8002):149\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-024-07132-6.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3802_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.03.004","volume":"56","author":"X Si","year":"2024","unstructured":"Si X, Dai S, Fang Y, Tang J, Wang Z, Li Y, Song Z, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhao G, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibition prevents aquaporin-4 depolarization-mediated glymphatic dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Adv Res. 2024;56:125\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jare.2023.03.004.","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3802_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010046","volume":"19","author":"I Pirici","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pirici I, Balsanu TA, Bogdan C, Margaritescu C, Divan T, Vitalie V, Mogoanta L, Pirici D, Carare RO, Muresanu DF. Inhibition of aquaporin-4 improves the outcome of ischaemic stroke and modulates brain paravascular drainage pathways. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;19(1):46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19010046.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"3802_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092601","volume":"12","author":"T Grubi\u0107 Kezele","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grubi\u0107 Kezele T, \u0106urko-Cofek B. Age-related changes and sex-related differences in brain iron metabolism. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12092601.","journal-title":"Nutrients"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroinflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12974-026-03802-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-026-03802-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-026-03802-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T01:46:15Z","timestamp":1781487975000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12974-026-03802-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3802"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-026-03802-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-2094"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-2094","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All cynomolgus monkeys and mice experimental procedures were approved by the institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Guangdong Landau Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (LDACU20231210-01) and Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU-IACUC-2025-001739), respectively.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"203"}}