{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:40:19Z","timestamp":1792788019353,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":88,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81870835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870835"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","award":["22ZR1434700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22ZR1434700"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroinflammation"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-026-03963-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T23:15:31Z","timestamp":1784157331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["FPR2 deficiency alleviates LPS-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice by suppressing the microglial CSF1\/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Hanqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junna","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"3963_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00454-1","volume":"9","author":"W Marx","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marx W, Penninx B, Solmi M, Furukawa TA, Firth J, Carvalho AF, Berk M. Major depressive disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2023;9:44.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"3963_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282242","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2023.1282242","volume":"17","author":"I Pastis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pastis I, Santos MG, Paruchuri A. Exploring the role of inflammation in major depressive disorder: beyond the monoamine hypothesis. Front Behav Neurosci. 2023;17:1282242.","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"3963_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2015.08.001","volume":"38","author":"R Yirmiya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yirmiya R, Rimmerman N, Reshef R. Depression as a microglial disease. Trends Neurosci. 2015;38:637\u201358.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"3963_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2427","volume":"72","author":"E Setiawan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Setiawan E, Wilson AA, Mizrahi R, Rusjan PM, Miler L, Rajkowska G, Suridjan I, Kennedy JL, Rekkas PV, Houle S, Meyer JH. Role of translocator protein density, a marker of neuroinflammation, in the brain during major depressive episodes. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015;72:268\u201375.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"3963_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30048-8","volume":"5","author":"E Setiawan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Setiawan E, Attwells S, Wilson AA, Mizrahi R, Rusjan PM, Miler L, Xu C, Sharma S, Kish S, Houle S, Meyer JH. Association of translocator protein total distribution volume with duration of untreated major depressive disorder: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2018;5:339\u201347.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"3963_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.05.007","volume":"42","author":"SG Torres-Platas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Torres-Platas SG, Cruceanu C, Chen GG, Turecki G, Mechawar N. Evidence for increased microglial priming and macrophage recruitment in the dorsal anterior cingulate white matter of depressed suicides. Brain Behav Immun. 2014;42:50\u20139.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"3963_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.10.013","volume":"42","author":"J Steiner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Steiner J, Bielau H, Brisch R, Danos P, Ullrich O, Mawrin C, Bernstein HG, Bogerts B. Immunological aspects in the neurobiology of suicide: elevated microglial density in schizophrenia and depression is associated with suicide. J Psychiatr Res. 2008;42:151\u20137.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"3963_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02492-0","volume":"19","author":"H Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang H, He Y, Sun Z, Ren S, Liu M, Wang G, Yang J. Microglia in depression: an overview of microglia in the pathogenesis and treatment of depression. J Neuroinflammation. 2022;19:132.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"3963_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.390964","volume":"19","author":"Q Han","year":"2024","unstructured":"Han Q, Li W, Chen P, Wang L, Bao X, Huang R, Liu G, Chen X. Microglial NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation and therapeutic strategies in depression. Neural Regen Res. 2024;19:1890\u20138.","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"3963_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01511","volume":"10","author":"BI Arioz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arioz BI, Tastan B, Tarakcioglu E, Tufekci KU, Olcum M, Ersoy N, Bagriyanik A, Genc K, Genc S. Melatonin Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Depressive-Like Behaviors and Microglial NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Through the SIRT1\/Nrf2 Pathway. Front Immunol. 2019;10:1511.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3963_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.04.007","volume":"41","author":"Y Pan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pan Y, Chen XY, Zhang QY, Kong LD. Microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation mediates IL-1beta-related inflammation in prefrontal cortex of depressive rats. Brain Behav Immun. 2014;41:90\u2013100.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"3963_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4874","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9408-7","volume":"53","author":"E Alcocer-Gomez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alcocer-Gomez E, Ulecia-Moron C, Marin-Aguilar F, Rybkina T, Casas-Barquero N, Ruiz-Cabello J, Ryffel B, Apetoh L, Ghiringhelli F, Bullon P, et al. Stress-Induced Depressive Behaviors Require a Functional NLRP3 Inflammasome. Mol Neurobiol. 2016;53:4874\u201382.","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"3963_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193053","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1193053","volume":"14","author":"S Fang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fang S, Wu Z, Guo Y, Zhu W, Wan C, Yuan N, Chen J, Hao W, Mo X, Guo X, et al. Roles of microglia in adult hippocampal neurogenesis in depression and their therapeutics. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1193053.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3963_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.11.008","volume":"55","author":"S Hellwig","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hellwig S, Brioschi S, Dieni S, Frings L, Masuch A, Blank T, Biber K. Altered microglia morphology and higher resilience to stress-induced depression-like behavior in CX3CR1-deficient mice. Brain Behav Immun. 2016;55:126\u201337.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"3963_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5224","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15261","volume":"177","author":"X Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu X, Piao HN, Aosai F, Zeng XY, Cheng JH, Cui YX, Li J, Ma J, Piao HR, Jin X, Piao LX. Arctigenin protects against depression by inhibiting microglial activation and neuroinflammation via HMGB1\/TLR4\/NF-kappaB and TNF-alpha\/TNFR1\/NF-kappaB pathways. Br J Pharmacol. 2020;177:5224\u201345.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"3963_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-021-00271-x","volume":"73","author":"K Tylek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tylek K, Trojan E, Regulska M, Lacivita E, Leopoldo M, Basta-Kaim A. Formyl peptide receptor 2, as an important target for ligands triggering the inflammatory response regulation: a link to brain pathology. Pharmacol Rep. 2021;73:1004\u201319.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"3963_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.109.001578","volume":"61","author":"RD Ye","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ye RD, Boulay F, Wang JM, Dahlgren C, Gerard C, Parmentier M, Serhan CN, Murphy PM. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXIII. Nomenclature for the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) family. Pharmacol Rev. 2009;61:119\u201361.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"3963_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01918-x","volume":"17","author":"GJ Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu GJ, Tao T, Wang H, Zhou Y, Gao X, Gao YY, Hang CH, Li W. Functions of resolvin D1-ALX\/FPR2 receptor interaction in the hemoglobin-induced microglial inflammatory response and neuronal injury. J Neuroinflammation. 2020;17:239.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"3963_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03408-4","volume":"22","author":"J Zheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zheng J, Wang H, Wu W, Wang L, Qin M, Zhu L, Liu Z, Chen Y, Yu Y. Role of FPR2 antagonism in alleviating social isolation-induced depression and protecting blood-brain barrier integrity. J Neuroinflammation. 2025;22:79.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"3963_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410051042","volume":"292","author":"EL Becker","year":"1998","unstructured":"Becker EL, Forouhar FA, Grunnet ML, Boulay F, Tardif M, Bormann BJ, Sodja D, Ye RD, Woska JR Jr., Murphy PM. Broad immunocytochemical localization of the formylpeptide receptor in human organs, tissues, and cells. Cell Tissue Res. 1998;292:129\u201335.","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"3963_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0698-1","volume":"21","author":"U Smole","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smole U, Gour N, Phelan J, Hofer G, Kohler C, Kratzer B, Tauber PA, Xiao X, Yao N, Dvorak J, et al. Serum amyloid A is a soluble pattern recognition receptor that drives type 2 immunity. Nat Immunol. 2020;21:756\u201365.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"3963_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4617","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15919","volume":"179","author":"CX Qin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qin CX, Norling LV, Vecchio EA, Brennan EP, May LT, Wootten D, Godson C, Perretti M, Ritchie RH. Formylpeptide receptor 2: Nomenclature, structure, signalling and translational perspectives: IUPHAR review 35. Br J Pharmacol. 2022;179:4617\u201339.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"3963_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18685","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1410938111","volume":"111","author":"T Gobbetti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gobbetti T, Coldewey SM, Chen J, McArthur S, le Faouder P, Cenac N, Flower RJ, Thiemermann C, Perretti M. Nonredundant protective properties of FPR2\/ALX in polymicrobial murine sepsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111:18685\u201390.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"3963_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22030455","volume":"22","author":"HQ He","year":"2017","unstructured":"He HQ, Ye RD. The Formyl Peptide Receptors: Diversity of Ligands and Mechanism for Recognition. Molecules. 2017;22:455.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"3963_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29361-x","volume":"13","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Lin X, Zong X, Han S, Wang M, Su Y, Ma L, Chu X, Yi C, Zhao Q, Wu B. Structural basis of FPR2 in recognition of Abeta(42) and neuroprotection by humanin. Nat Commun. 2022;13:1775.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3963_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28586-0","volume":"13","author":"Y Zhuang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhuang Y, Wang L, Guo J, Sun D, Wang Y, Liu W, Xu HE, Zhang C. Molecular recognition of formylpeptides and diverse agonists by the formylpeptide receptors FPR1 and FPR2. Nat Commun. 2022;13:1054.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3963_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17815","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202317815","volume":"15","author":"MY Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu MY, Ge YJ, Wang EJ, Liao QW, Ren ZY, Yu Y, Zhu G, Liu CP, Zhang MN, Su H, et al. Enhancement of efferocytosis through biased FPR2 signaling attenuates intestinal inflammation. EMBO Mol Med. 2023;15:e17815.","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"3963_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105117","volume":"161","author":"S Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang S, Gong H, Ge Y, Ye RD. Biased allosteric modulation of formyl peptide receptor 2 leads to distinct receptor conformational states for pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling. Pharmacol Res. 2020;161:105117.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"3963_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18232","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1308253110","volume":"110","author":"SN Cooray","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cooray SN, Gobbetti T, Montero-Melendez T, McArthur S, Thompson D, Clark AJ, Flower RJ, Perretti M. Ligand-specific conformational change of the G-protein-coupled receptor ALX\/FPR2 determines proresolving functional responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110:18232\u20137.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"3963_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527319666200107094732","volume":"19","author":"AF Peritore","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peritore AF, Crupi R, Scuto M, Gugliandolo E, Siracusa R, Impellizzeri D, Cordaro M, D\u2019Amico R, Fusco R, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S. The Role of Annexin A1 and Formyl Peptide Receptor 2\/3 Signaling in Chronic Corticosterone-Induced Depression-Like behaviors and Impairment in Hippocampal-Dependent Memory. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2020;19:27\u201343.","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"3963_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyx023","volume":"20","author":"S Deyama","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deyama S, Ishikawa Y, Yoshikawa K, Shimoda K, Ide S, Satoh M, Minami M. Resolvin D1 and D2 Reverse Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors Through the mTORC1 Signaling Pathway. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2017;20:575\u201384.","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"3963_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.06.010","volume":"332","author":"Y Ishikawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ishikawa Y, Deyama S, Shimoda K, Yoshikawa K, Ide S, Satoh M, Minami M. Rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of resolvin D1 and D2 in a chronic unpredictable stress model. Behav Brain Res. 2017;332:233\u20136.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"3963_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6651","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1911816117","volume":"117","author":"N Lago","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lago N, Kaufmann FN, Negro-Demontel ML, Ali-Ruiz D, Ghisleni G, Rego N, Arcas-Garcia A, Vitureira N, Jansen K, Souza LM, et al. CD300f immunoreceptor is associated with major depressive disorder and decreased microglial metabolic fitness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;117:6651\u201362.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"3963_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2016.1171315","volume":"13","author":"WM Pardridge","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pardridge WM. CSF, blood-brain barrier, and brain drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2016;13:963\u201375.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Deliv"},{"key":"3963_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092373","volume":"10","author":"K Tylek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tylek K, Trojan E, Leskiewicz M, Regulska M, Bryniarska N, Curzytek K, Lacivita E, Leopoldo M, Basta-Kaim A. Time-Dependent Protective and Pro-Resolving Effects of FPR2 Agonists on Lipopolysaccharide-Exposed Microglia Cells Involve Inhibition of NF-kappaB and MAPKs Pathways. Cells. 2021;10:2373.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"3963_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0366-9","volume":"12","author":"NN Dagher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dagher NN, Najafi AR, Kayala KM, Elmore MR, White TE, Medeiros R, West BL, Green KN. Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibition prevents microglial plaque association and improves cognition in 3xTg-AD mice. J Neuroinflammation. 2015;12:139.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"3963_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00011.2010","volume":"91","author":"H Kettenmann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kettenmann H, Hanisch UK, Noda M, Verkhratsky A. Physiology of microglia. Physiol Rev. 2011;91:461\u2013553.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"3963_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13003","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.13003","volume":"32","author":"R Gober","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gober R, Ardalan M, Shiadeh SMJ, Duque L, Garamszegi SP, Ascona M, Barreda A, Sun X, Mallard C, Vontell RT. Microglia activation in postmortem brains with schizophrenia demonstrates distinct morphological changes between brain regions. Brain Pathol. 2022;32:e13003.","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"3963_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-520-0_5","volume":"1041","author":"AS Harms","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harms AS, Tansey MG. Isolation of murine postnatal brain microglia for phenotypic characterization using magnetic cell separation technology. Methods Mol Biol. 2013;1041:33\u20139.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"3963_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp101","volume":"25","author":"G Bindea","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bindea G, Mlecnik B, Hackl H, Charoentong P, Tosolini M, Kirilovsky A, Fridman WH, Pages F, Trajanoski Z, Galon J. ClueGO: a Cytoscape plug-in to decipher functionally grouped gene ontology and pathway annotation networks. Bioinformatics. 2009;25:1091\u20133.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"3963_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D362","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw937","volume":"45","author":"D Szklarczyk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Szklarczyk D, Morris JH, Cook H, Kuhn M, Wyder S, Simonovic M, Santos A, Doncheva NT, Roth A, Bork P, et al. The STRING database in 2017: quality-controlled protein-protein association networks, made broadly accessible. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017;45:D362\u20138.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"3963_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-8-S4-S11","volume":"8","author":"CH Chin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chin CH, Chen SH, Wu HH, Ho CW, Ko MT, Lin CY. cytoHubba: identifying hub objects and sub-networks from complex interactome. BMC Syst Biol. 2014;8(Suppl 4):S11.","journal-title":"BMC Syst Biol"},{"key":"3963_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2014.11.005","volume":"127","author":"Y Tang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tang Y, Li M, Wang J, Pan Y, Wu FX. CytoNCA: a cytoscape plugin for centrality analysis and evaluation of protein interaction networks. BioSystems. 2015;127:67\u201372.","journal-title":"BioSystems"},{"key":"3963_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2022.104713","volume":"269","author":"LC Silva-Costa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Silva-Costa LC, Smith BJ, Carregari VC, Souza G, Vieira EM, Mendes-Silva AP, de Almeida V, Carvalho BS, Diniz BS. Martins-de-Souza D: Plasma proteomic signature of major depressive episode in the elderly. J Proteom. 2022;269:104713.","journal-title":"J Proteom"},{"key":"3963_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341374","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1341374","volume":"16","author":"L Lan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lan L, Peng S, Zhang R, He H, Yang Y, Xi B, Zhang J. Serum proteomic biomarker investigation of vascular depression using data-independent acquisition: a pilot study. Front Aging Neurosci. 2024;16:1341374.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"3963_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.4c00826","volume":"24","author":"S Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang S, Xu R, Li G, Liu S, Zhu J, Gao P. A Plasma Proteomics-Based Model for Identifying the Risk of Postpartum Depression Using Machine Learning. J Proteome Res. 2025;24:824\u201333.","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"3963_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05161-7","volume":"609","author":"A Ilanges","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ilanges A, Shiao R, Shaked J, Luo JD, Yu X, Friedman JM. Brainstem ADCYAP1(+) neurons control multiple aspects of sickness behaviour. Nature. 2022;609:761\u201371.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3963_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang LY, Cao CZ, Luo CY, Ruan HQ, Xu C, Wang Y, Jiang XX, Mao GS. Comparison of chronic restraint stress-and lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse models of depression: Behavior, c-Fos expression, and microglial and astrocytic activation(vol 12, 100130, 2024). Journal of Neurorestoratology. 2024;12:100130.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnrt.2024.100158"},{"key":"3963_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0242-x","volume":"21","author":"S Hickman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hickman S, Izzy S, Sen P, Morsett L, El Khoury J. Microglia in neurodegeneration. Nat Neurosci. 2018;21:1359\u201369.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"3963_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2038","volume":"8","author":"ML Block","year":"2007","unstructured":"Block ML, Zecca L, Hong JS. Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: uncovering the molecular mechanisms. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2007;8:57\u201369.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"3963_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3867","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-250332","volume":"28","author":"D Anthony","year":"2014","unstructured":"Anthony D, McQualter JL, Bishara M, Lim EX, Yatmaz S, Seow HJ, Hansen M, Thompson M, Hamilton JA, Irving LB, et al. SAA drives proinflammatory heterotypic macrophage differentiation in the lung via CSF-1R-dependent signaling. FASEB J. 2014;28:3867\u201377.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"3963_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3887","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2011.112","volume":"30","author":"Y Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li Y, Cai L, Wang H, Wu P, Gu W, Chen Y, Hao H, Tang K, Yi P, Liu M, et al. Pleiotropic regulation of macrophage polarization and tumorigenesis by formyl peptide receptor-2. Oncogene. 2011;30:3887\u201399.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"3963_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du X, Xu Y, Chen S, Fang M. Inhibited CSF1R Alleviates Ischemia Injury via Inhibition of Microglia M1 Polarization and NLRP3 Pathway. Neural Plast. 2020;2020:8825954.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8825954"},{"key":"3963_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0493-y","volume":"13","author":"J Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu J, Wang D, Li SQ, Yu Y, Ye RD. Suppression of LPS-induced tau hyperphosphorylation by serum amyloid A. J Neuroinflammation. 2016;13:28.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"3963_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119227","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1119227","volume":"14","author":"S Abouelasrar Salama","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abouelasrar Salama S, Gouwy M, Van Damme J, Struyf S. Acute-serum amyloid A and A-SAA-derived peptides as formyl peptide receptor (FPR) 2 ligands. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1119227.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"3963_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867323666160418114600","volume":"23","author":"M De Buck","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Buck M, Gouwy M, Wang JM, Van Snick J, Opdenakker G, Struyf S, Van Damme J. Structure and Expression of Different Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Variants and their Concentration-Dependent Functions During Host Insults. Curr Med Chem. 2016;23:1725\u201355.","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"3963_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6607","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126607","volume":"25","author":"MA Erickson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Erickson MA, Mahankali AP. Interactions of Serum Amyloid A Proteins with the Blood-Brain Barrier: Implications for Central Nervous System Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25:6607.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3963_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.09.033","volume":"62","author":"MA Kling","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kling MA, Alesci S, Csako G, Costello R, Luckenbaugh DA, Bonne O, Duncko R, Drevets WC, Manji HK, Charney DS, et al. Sustained low-grade pro-inflammatory state in unmedicated, remitted women with major depressive disorder as evidenced by elevated serum levels of the acute phase proteins C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A. Biol Psychiatry. 2007;62:309\u201313.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3963_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12730","volume":"135","author":"EY Bryleva","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bryleva EY, Keaton SA, Grit J, Madaj Z, Sauro-Nagendra A, Smart L, Halstead S, Achtyes E, Brundin L. The acute-phase mediator serum amyloid A is associated with symptoms of depression and fatigue. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2017;135:409\u201318.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"3963_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1401.029","volume":"1121","author":"WC Drevets","year":"2007","unstructured":"Drevets WC. Orbitofrontal cortex function and structure in depression. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1121:499\u2013527.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"3963_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fcaa196","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa196","volume":"2","author":"ET Rolls","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rolls ET, Cheng W, Feng J. The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression. Brain Commun. 2020;2:fcaa196.","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"3963_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01101-7","volume":"47","author":"DA Pizzagalli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pizzagalli DA, Roberts AC. Prefrontal cortex and depression. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2022;47:225\u201346.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"3963_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3950","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201600857RRR","volume":"31","author":"MA Erickson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Erickson MA, Jude J, Zhao H, Rhea EM, Salameh TS, Jester W, Pu S, Harrowitz J, Nguyen N, Banks WA, et al. Serum amyloid A: an ozone-induced circulating factor with potentially important functions in the lung-brain axis. FASEB J. 2017;31:3950\u201365.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"3963_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2016.09.003","volume":"1654","author":"WY Jang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jang WY, Lee BR, Jeong J, Sung Y, Choi M, Song P, Kim H, Jang S, Kim H, Joo KI, et al. Overexpression of serum amyloid a 1 induces depressive-like behavior in mice. Brain Res. 2017;1654:55\u201365.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"3963_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2760(96)00143-9","volume":"1344","author":"I Hardardottir","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hardardottir I, Sipe J, Moser AH, Fielding CJ, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. LPS and cytokines regulate extra hepatic mRNA levels of apolipoproteins during the acute phase response in Syrian hamsters. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997;1344:210\u201320.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"3963_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-07015-2","volume":"626","author":"F Cathomas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cathomas F, Lin HY, Chan KL, Li L, Parise LF, Alvarez J, Durand-de Cuttoli R, Aubry AV, Muhareb S, Desland F, et al. Circulating myeloid-derived MMP8 in stress susceptibility and depression. Nature. 2024;626:1108\u201315.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3963_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130989","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1130989","volume":"14","author":"S Hassamal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hassamal S. Chronic stress, neuroinflammation, and depression: an overview of pathophysiological mechanisms and emerging anti-inflammatories. Front Psychiatry. 2023;14:1130989.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"3963_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-008-0189-x","volume":"213","author":"WC Drevets","year":"2008","unstructured":"Drevets WC, Price JL, Furey ML. Brain structural and functional abnormalities in mood disorders: implications for neurocircuitry models of depression. Brain Struct Funct. 2008;213:93\u2013118.","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"3963_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6871089","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6871089","volume":"2017","author":"W Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu W, Ge T, Leng Y, Pan Z, Fan J, Yang W, Cui R. The Role of Neural Plasticity in Depression: From Hippocampus to Prefrontal Cortex. Neural Plast. 2017;2017:6871089.","journal-title":"Neural Plast"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroinflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12974-026-03963-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-026-03963-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12974-026-03963-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:03:31Z","timestamp":1791821011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12974-026-03963-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3963"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-026-03963-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-2094"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-2094","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All animal procedures were conducted in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and the experimental protocols were approved by the Biological Research Ethics Committee of Shanghai Jiao Tong University.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"338"}}