{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T11:56:02Z","timestamp":1765886162309,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]],"date-time":"2019-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]],"date-time":"2019-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-019-0786-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]],"date-time":"2019-08-05T13:03:03Z","timestamp":1565010183000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Expert perspectives on essential parameters to monitor during childbirth in low resource settings: a Delphi study in sub-Saharan Africa"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6391-203X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael S.","family":"Balikuddembe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazarius M.","family":"Tumwesigye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter K.","family":"Wakholi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thorkild","family":"Tyllesk\u00e4r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"786_CR1","unstructured":"Global Health Observatory data: Maternal and reproductive health. http:\/\/www.who.int\/gho\/maternal_health\/en\/ . 2015. Accessed 3 Aug 2019."},{"key":"786_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-281","volume":"14","author":"E Ollerhead","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ollerhead E, Osrin D. Barriers to and incentives for achieving partograph use in obstetric practice in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014;14:281.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"9","key":"786_CR3","first-page":"571","volume":"8","author":"MS Balikuddembe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Balikuddembe MS, Byamugisha JK, Sekikubo M. Impact of decision \u2013 operation interval on pregnancy outcomes among mothers who undergo emergency caesarean section at Mulago hospital. J US-China Med Sci. 2011;8(9):571\u20135.","journal-title":"J US-China Med Sci"},{"key":"786_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-10-29","volume":"10","author":"PK Mukasa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mukasa PK, Kabakyenga J, Senkungu JK, Ngonzi J, Kyalimpa M, Roosmalen VJ. Uterine rupture in a teaching hospital in Mbarara, western Uganda, unmatched case- control study. Reprod Health. 2013;10:29.","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"786_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.109944","volume":"2","author":"K Agarwal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Agarwal K, Agarwal L, Agrawal VK, Agarwal A, Sharma M. Evaluation of paperless partogram as a bedside tool in the management of labor. J Family Med Prim Care. 2013;2(1):47\u20139.","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"issue":"23","key":"786_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4373","DOI":"10.14260\/jemds\/849","volume":"2","author":"B Kushwah","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kushwah B, Singh AP, Singh S. The Partograph: an essential yet underutilized tool. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2013;2(23):4373\u20139.","journal-title":"J Evol Med Dent Sci"},{"key":"786_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-017-0401-7","volume":"14","author":"C Mandiwa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mandiwa C, Zamawe C. Documentation of the partograph in assessing the progress of labour by health care providers in Malawi\u2019s south-west zone. Reprod Health. 2017;14:134.","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"786_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/105853","volume":"2014","author":"Ita B. Okokon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Okokon IB, Oku AO, Agan TU, Asibong UE, Essien EJ, Monjok E. An evaluation of the knowledge and utilization of the partogragh in primary, secondary, and tertiary care settings in Calabar, south-South Nigeria. Int J Family Med. 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/105853 .","journal-title":"International Journal of Family Medicine"},{"key":"786_CR9","unstructured":"World Bank: Uganda makes progress on maternal health but serious challenges remain. In: World Bank news. Available at: http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/feature\/2012\/10\/23\/uganda-makes-progress-on-maternal-health-but-serious-challenges-remain . 2012.\u00a0Accessed 3 Aug 2019."},{"key":"786_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-015-0078-8","volume":"12","author":"H Essendi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Essendi H, Johnson FA, Madise N, Matthews Z, Falkingham J, Bahaj AS, James P, Blunden L. Infrastructural challenges to better health in maternity facilities in rural Kenya: community and healthworker perceptions. Reprod Health. 2015;12:103.","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"786_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-11-61","volume":"11","author":"JP Souza","year":"2014","unstructured":"Souza JP, Widmer M, G\u00fclmezoglu AM, Lawrie TA, Adejuyigbe EA, Carroli G, Crowther C, Currie SM, Dowswell T, Hofmeyr J, et al. Maternal and perinatal health research priorities beyond 2015: an international survey and prioritization exercise. Reprod Health. 2014;11:61.","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"786_CR12","first-page":"456","volume-title":"Building Continents of Knowledge in Oceans of Data: The Future of Co-Created eHealth","author":"MS Balikuddembe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Balikuddembe MS, Wakholi PK, Tumwesigye NM, Tyllesk\u00e4r T. Midwifery Providers\u2019 preferences for a childbirth monitoring tool in low-income health units in Uganda. In: Ugon A, et al., editors. Building Continents of Knowledge in Oceans of Data: The Future of Co-Created eHealth, vol. 247. Amsterdam: IOS Press; 2018. p. 456\u201360."},{"key":"786_CR13","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"G Dangal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dangal G. Preventing prolonged labor by using Partograph. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2006;7:1.","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"4","key":"786_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2010.05.007","volume":"55","author":"American College of Nurses-Midwives (ACNM)","year":"2010","unstructured":"American College of Nurses-Midwives (ACNM). Intermittent auscultation for intrapartum fetal heart rate surveillance. ACNM clinical bulletin number 11, march 2010 (replaces number 9, march 2007). J Midwifery Womens Health. 2010;55(4):397\u2013403.","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"786_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2010.01154.x","volume":"39","author":"JL Neal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Neal JL, Lowe NK, Patrick TE, Cabbage LA, Corwin EJ. What is the slowest-yet-normal cervical dilation rate among nulliparous women with spontaneous labor onset? J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2010;39(4):361\u20139.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"786_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2010.484108","volume":"30","author":"S Sholapurkar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sholapurkar S. Intermittent auscultation of fetal heart rate during labour - a widely accepted technique for low risk pregnancies: but are the current national guidelines robust and practical? J Obstet Gynaecol. 2010;30:537\u201340.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"786_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.10.009","volume":"216","author":"SL Clark","year":"2017","unstructured":"Clark SL, Hamilton EF, Garite TJ, Timmins A, Warrick PA, Smith S. The limits of electronic fetal heart rate monitoring in the prevention of neonatal metabolic acidemia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(2):163.e1\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"14","key":"786_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.4236\/ojog.2015.514115","volume":"5","author":"NFB Tandu-Umba","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tandu-Umba NFB, Muamba GK. Using alert and action expected times of delivery in prevention of prolonged labor. Open J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;5(14):813\u20138.","journal-title":"Open J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"786_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000444441.04111.1d","volume":"123","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM)","year":"2014","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM). Safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery. Obstetric care consensus no. 1. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123:693\u2013711.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"786_CR20","volume-title":"WHO recommendations: intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO recommendations: intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience. Geneva: WHO; 2018."},{"issue":"6","key":"786_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.04.012","volume":"212","author":"WR Cohen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cohen WR, Friedman EA. Misguided guidelines for managing labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;212(6):753\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"786_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.09.008","volume":"212","author":"WR Cohen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cohen WR, Friedman EA. Perils of the new labor management guidelines. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;212(4):420\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"786_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-1213-4","volume":"17","author":"C Bedwell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bedwell C, Levin K, Pett C, Lavender DT. A realist review of the partograph: when and how does it work for labour monitoring? BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17:31.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth."},{"issue":"1","key":"786_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002492","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002492","volume":"15","author":"OT Oladapo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oladapo OT, Souza JP, Fawole B, Mugerwa K, Perdon\u00e1 G, Alves D, Souza H, Reis R, Oliveira-Ciabati L, Maiorano A, et al. Progression of the first stage of spontaneous labour: a prospective cohort study in two sub-Saharan African countries. PLoS Med. 2018;15(1):e1002492.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"786_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.2196\/medinform.6959","volume":"5","author":"Michael S Balikuddembe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Balikuddembe MS, Tumwesigye NM, Wakholi PK, Tyllesk\u00e4r T. Computerized childbirth monitoring tools for health care providers managing labor: a scoping review. JMIR Med Inform. 2017;5(2).","journal-title":"JMIR Medical Informatics"},{"key":"786_CR26","volume-title":"The 30th triennial 2014","author":"International Confederation of Midwives","year":"2014","unstructured":"International Confederation of Midwives. The future research, education and practice priorities for realizing the potential of the partograph. In: The 30th triennial 2014. Prague: Partograph Side Meeting, ICM Conference; 2014."},{"issue":"4","key":"786_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2000.t01-1-01567.x","volume":"32","author":"F Hasson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hasson F, Keeney S, McKenna H. Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique. J Adv Nurs. 2000;32(4):1008\u201315.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"786_CR28","first-page":"10","volume":"12","author":"C-C Hsu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hsu C-C, Sandford BA. The Delphi technique: making sense of consensus. Pract Assess Res Eval. 2007;12:10.","journal-title":"Pract Assess Res Eval"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"786_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-S3-S23","volume":"13","author":"LM Lenters","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lenters LM, Wazny K, Webb P, Ahmed T, Bhutta ZA. Treatment of severe and moderate acute malnutrition in low- and middle-income settings: a systematic review, meta-analysis and Delphi process. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(Suppl 3):S23.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"786_CR30","unstructured":"World health organization: managing complications in pregnancy and childbirth: a guide for midwives and doctors, 2 edn. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017."},{"issue":"4","key":"786_CR31","first-page":"8","volume":"3","author":"A Habibi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Habibi A, Sarafrazi A, Izadyar S. Delphi technique theoretical framework in qualitative research approach. IJES. 2014;3(4):8\u201313.","journal-title":"IJES."},{"issue":"1","key":"786_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12724","volume":"146","author":"Natasha Housseine","year":"2018","unstructured":"Housseine N, Punt MC, Browne JL, Van \u2018t Hooft J, Maal\u00f8e N, Meguid T, Theron GB, Franx A, Grobbee DE, Visser GHA, et al. Delphi consensus statement on intrapartum fetal monitoring in low-resource settings. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijgo.12724.","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"786_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-017-1360-2","volume":"17","author":"N Maal\u00f8e","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maal\u00f8e N, Housseine N, van Roosmalen J, Bygbjerg IC, Tersb\u00f8l BP, Khamis RS, Nielsen BB, Meguid T. Labour management guidelines for a Tanzanian referral hospital: the participatory development process and birth attendants\u2019 perceptions. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17(1):175.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"6","key":"786_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.04.016","volume":"209","author":"AG Cahill","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cahill AG, Tuuli MG. Labor in 2013: the new frontier. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;209(6):531\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"7298","key":"786_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7298.1316","volume":"322","author":"D James","year":"2001","unstructured":"James D. Caesarean section for fetal distress: the 30 minute yardstick is in danger of becoming a rod for our backs. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2001;322(7298):1316\u20137.","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical research ed)"},{"issue":"5","key":"786_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.01.026","volume":"218","author":"AG Cahill","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cahill AG, Tuuli MG, Stout MJ, L\u00f3pez JD, Macones GA. A prospective cohort study of fetal heart rate monitoring: deceleration area is predictive of fetal acidemia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;218(5):523.e1\u2013e12.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"7441","key":"786_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38031.775845.7C","volume":"328","author":"J Thomas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thomas J, Paranjothy S, James D. National cross sectional survey to determine whether the decision to delivery interval is critical in emergency caesarean section. BMJ. 2004;328(7441):665.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"5","key":"786_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050500526172","volume":"19","author":"JT Parer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Parer JT, King T, Flanders S, Fox M, Kilpatrick SJ. Fetal acidemia and electronic fetal heart rate patterns: is there evidence of an association? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2006;19(5):289\u201394.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"786_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-016-0095-3","volume":"17","author":"A Ali","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ali A, Hummeida M, Elhassan Y, Mnabag W, Ahmed M, Adam G. Concept of defensive medicine and litigation among Sudanese doctors working in obstetrics and gynecology. BMC Med Ethics. 2016;17:12.","journal-title":"BMC Med Ethics"},{"issue":"8","key":"786_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216317690685","volume":"31","author":"S J\u00fcnger","year":"2017","unstructured":"J\u00fcnger S, Payne SA, Brine J, Radbruch L, Brearley SG. Guidance on conducting and REporting DElphi studies (CREDES) in palliative care: recommendations based on a methodological systematic review. Palliat Med. 2017;31(8):684\u2013706.","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"786_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1891\/1058-1243.22.3.156","volume":"22","author":"L Heelan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Heelan L. Fetal monitoring: creating a culture of safety with informed choice. J Perinat Educ. 2013;22(3):156\u201365.","journal-title":"J Perinat Educ"}],"container-title":["Reproductive Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12978-019-0786-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12978-019-0786-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12978-019-0786-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]],"date-time":"2024-07-21T18:07:55Z","timestamp":1721585275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12978-019-0786-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["786"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12978-019-0786-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-4755"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1742-4755"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 October 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Anonymity of survey participants was maintained to ensure free expression of ideas and opinions. It was quasi-anonymity since the survey coordinator and some respondents knew some respondents even though the responses were anonymous to respondents. Confidentiality was supported by the SurveyMonkey<sup>R<\/sup> provider security conditions at time of the survey. The study was passed with exemption by the Hordaland Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics (REC) in Norway before review and clearance by the Uganda National Council of Science and Technology (UNCST\/IS 121).Informed consent was sought from each respondent before proceeding to the survey questionnaire through clicking the survey link, and confirmed by checking the \u201cI voluntarily accept to participate\u201d option. Potential participants received a study preamble with web links to extra information about the survey. Participants were free to withdraw from the survey at any time, or change their responses before the survey round was closed.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"In the patient information, we stated that, \u201cAll information will be processed and used without your name or personal identification number, or any other information that is directly identifiable to you.\u201d The data would be published and other panellists could access the anonymized data that would be published. The last question of the survey asked a participant whether or not to mention their name in the acknowledgements during results dissemination but although the majority agreed, we will not mention individual names in the dissemination.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"119"}}