{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T17:42:58Z","timestamp":1794591778182,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Population Council India with support of USAID","award":["AID-OAA-13-00087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AID-OAA-13-00087"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite six decades of official family planning programme, the use of modern contraceptive method remained low in India. The discontinuation of modern spacing method (DMSM) has also increased from 42.3% in 2005\u221206 to 43.6% during 2015\u201316. Discontinuation rate is higher for Injectable (51%), followed by condom (47%), pill (42%) and lowest in IUD (26%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from NFHS-4 (2015\u201316) comprising of 601,509 households, 699,686 women and a sample of 119,548 episode of modern spacing method was used for the analysis. Multiple decrement life table has used to estimate 12-month discontinuation rate of modern spacing methods (DMSM). Moran\u2019s I statistics, Bivariate LISA cluster map has used to understand the spatial correlates and clustering the DMSM. OLS model and impact analysis has used to assess the significant associated covariates with discontinuation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 12-month DMSM in India is 43.5%; largely due to desire for becoming pregnant and method failure. The high discontinuation rate was observed in most of the southern (62%) and central (46%) regions of India. DMSM has significantly and spatially associated with neighbouring districts of India (Moran\u2019s I\u2009=\u20090.47, p-value\u2009=\u20090.00). The prevalence of modern spacing method is negatively associated with discontinuation in the neighbouring districts of India. The unmet need (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.84, 95% CI 0.55\u20131.14), desire of children (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.26, 95% CI \u2212\u20090.05\u20130.57) and female sterilization (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.54, 95% CI 0.14\u20130.95) were three main contributing factor to DMSM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Districts of high DMSM need programmatic intervention. More attention for counselling to client, health worker outreach to user and better quality care services will stimulate non-user of contraception.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-021-01185-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T08:02:55Z","timestamp":1625040175000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Spatial heterogeneity in discontinuation of modern spacing method in districts of India"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0226-1373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soumya Ranjan","family":"Nayak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9041-5952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay K.","family":"Mohanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0240-7026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bidhubhusan","family":"Mahapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7988-4587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umakanta","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"1185_CR1","unstructured":"Government of India India\u2019s Vision FP 2020. 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