{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:46:16Z","timestamp":1787244376537,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736985600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-024-01918-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T03:35:18Z","timestamp":1736998518000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Practice and factors associated with sunlight exposure of infants among mothers in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Shambel Dessale","family":"Asmamaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tibebu Habte","family":"Zewde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abiel","family":"Teshome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esayas","family":"Nigussie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1918_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. Sun protection\u2010a primary teaching resource. Tagliche Prax. 2003;44:134\u20136."},{"issue":"1","key":"1918_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-6-27","volume":"6","author":"N Aladag","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aladag N, Filiz TM, Topsever P, Gorpelioglu S. Parents\u2019 knowledge and behaviour concerning sunning their babies; a cross-sectional, descriptive study. BMC Pediatr. 2006;6(1):1\u20136.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"1918_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02761130","volume":"65","author":"M Teotia","year":"1998","unstructured":"Teotia M, Teotia S, Singh K. Endemic chronic fluoride toxicity and dietary calcium deficiency interaction syndromes of metabolic bone disease and deformities in India: Year 2000. Indian J Pediatr. 1998;65:371\u201381.","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1918_CR4","first-page":"V","volume":"4","author":"Z Naeem","year":"2010","unstructured":"Naeem Z. Vitamin d deficiency-an ignored epidemic. Int J Health Sci. 2010;4(1):V.","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci"},{"key":"1918_CR5","unstructured":"Reed K. health benefits of direct sunlight to new born babies. Positive health wellness. 2017."},{"key":"1918_CR6","unstructured":"Marks R. The use of sunscreens in the prevention of skin cancer.-Paper presented at the Conference on the Health Consequences of Ozone Depletion (1996: Hobart). Cancer Forum; 1996."},{"issue":"8","key":"1918_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.155.8.891","volume":"155","author":"K Johnson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Johnson K, Davy L, Boyett T, Weathers L, Roetzheim RG. Sun protection practices for children: knowledge, attitudes, and parent behaviors. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001;155(8):891\u20136.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"1918_CR8","first-page":"1386","volume":"17","author":"Z Bakeit","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bakeit Z, Abdel MF. Study of risk factors of rickets in children. World Appl Sci J. 2012;17:1386\u201393.","journal-title":"World Appl Sci J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1918_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","volume":"357","author":"MF Holick","year":"2007","unstructured":"Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(3):266\u201381.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1918_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2008.00100.x","volume":"66","author":"A Prentice","year":"2008","unstructured":"Prentice A. Vitamin D deficiency: a global perspective. Nutr Rev. 2008;66(2):S153\u201364.","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1918_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhd.v16i1.9824","volume":"16","author":"S Lulseged","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lulseged S, Deste C. Behavioural intention and factors influencing intention of Ethiopian mothers to expose infants to sunshine. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2002;16(1):31\u201340.","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1918_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40885-018-0087-3","volume":"24","author":"B Kheiri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kheiri B, Abdalla A, Osman M, Ahmed S, Hassan M, Bachuwa G. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular diseases: a narrative review. Clin Hypertension. 2018;24(1):1\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Hypertension"},{"issue":"3","key":"1918_CR13","first-page":"203","volume":"43","author":"Y Wondale","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wondale Y, Shiferaw F, Lulseged S. A systematic review of nutritional rickets in Ethiopia: status and prospects. Ethiop Med J. 2005;43(3):203\u201310.","journal-title":"Ethiop Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1918_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2022-001554","volume":"6","author":"YG Ashebir","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ashebir YG, Sebsibe GT, Gela D, Kebede MA. Attitudes of mothers attending public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to neonatal sunlight exposure: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2022;6(1): e001554.","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr Open."},{"issue":"11","key":"1918_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277349","volume":"17","author":"GT Mengistu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mengistu GT, Terefe AB, Gudeta TG, Mengistu BK. Factors associated with infants\u2019 sunlight exposure among mothers attending the EPI unit of Wolkite University Specialized Hospital. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(11): e0277349.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"1918_CR16","first-page":"30","volume":"5","author":"A Abate","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abate A, Murugan R, Gualu T. Assessment of practice and factors affecting sunlight exposure of infants among mothers attending governmental health facilities in Debre Markos town, East Gojjam, Ethiopia, 2015. Am J Nurs. 2016;5(1):30\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Nurs"},{"key":"1918_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117863882211069","DOI":"10.1177\/11786388221106983","volume":"15","author":"A Bekalu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bekalu A, Molla A, Asmare B, Hune Y, Temesgen H. Practice of sunlight exposure of infants and associated factors among infant coupled mothers at Dejen District, Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia 2021. Nutr Metab Insights. 2022;15:11786388221106984.","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Insights"},{"key":"1918_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117955652110413","DOI":"10.1177\/11795565211041348","volume":"15","author":"AS Bezabih","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bezabih AS, Eshetu D, Yohanis N, Hirigo AT. Knowledge and practice of infants exposure to sunlight among lactating mothers attending at Yirgalem Hospital, Sidama Regional State. Clin Med Insights Pediatr. 2021;15:11795565211041348.","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Pediatr"},{"key":"1918_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117955652211483","DOI":"10.1177\/11795565221148329","volume":"17","author":"D Goshiye","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goshiye D, Biset G, Abegaz Z, Birrie E, Gedamu S. Knowledge, practice, and factors affecting sunlight exposure of infants among mothers at governmental health facilities in Dessie Town, Ethiopia, 2021. Clin Med Insights Pediatr. 2023;17:11795565221148328.","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Pediatr"},{"key":"1918_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166976","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1166976","volume":"11","author":"A Tadesse","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tadesse A, Yeshanew S, Gedefa AG. Knowledge and practice of infant exposure to sunlight among mothers in the rural villages of Mettu district, southwest Ethiopia. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1166976.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"1918_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.2147\/PHMT.S330896","volume":"12","author":"WZ Teklehaimanot","year":"2021","unstructured":"Teklehaimanot WZ, Kitawu LD, Tesfaye T, Mihretie A, Tizazu MA, Mekuriyaw AM, et al. Assessment of practice and factors associated with sunlight exposure of infants among mothers in Debre Berhan Town, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Pediatr Health Med Ther. 2021;12:507\u201317.","journal-title":"Pediatr Health Med Ther."},{"key":"1918_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feleke DG, Mesfin E, Mekete G. Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers on the effects of sunlight exposure and its associated factors among infants found in Debre Tabor Town, North Central Ethiopia, 2018. 2020.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-80007\/v1"},{"key":"1918_CR23","unstructured":"Organization WH. Nutritional rickets: a review of disease burden, causes, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"1918_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","volume":"4","author":"D Moher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015;4(1):1.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"7414","key":"1918_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","volume":"327","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327(7414):557\u201360.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"20","key":"1918_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19991030)18:20<2693::AID-SIM235>3.0.CO;2-V","volume":"18","author":"SG Thompson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Thompson SG, Sharp SJ. Explaining heterogeneity in meta-analysis: a comparison of methods. Stat Med. 1999;18(20):2693\u2013708.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1918_CR27","volume":"1","author":"E Sendo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sendo E, Meleku M. Prevalence and factors associated with sexual violence among female students of Hawassa University in Ethiopia. Sci Postprint. 2015;1(2): e00047.","journal-title":"Sci Postprint"},{"key":"1918_CR28","unstructured":"Hora A. Practice and factors associated with infant sunlight exposure among mothers in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha Woreda, East Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia: HU; 2024."},{"key":"1918_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2638190","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2638190","volume":"2019","author":"H Gedamu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gedamu H, Tafere Y. Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of sunlight exposure of infants among mothers attending in governmental health facilities in Farta District, South Gondar Zone, North West Ethiopia, 2018. Int J Reprod Med. 2019;2019:2638190.","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1918_CR30","first-page":"12427","volume":"17","author":"F Tezera","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tezera F, Whiting S, Gebremedhin S. Dietary calcium intake and sunlight exposure among children aged 6\u201323 months in Dale woreda, southern Ethiopia. Afr J Food Agric Nutr Dev. 2017;17(3):12427\u201340.","journal-title":"Afr J Food Agric Nutr Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1918_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4221-4","volume":"12","author":"A Bedaso","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bedaso A, Gebrie M, Deribe B, Ayalew M, Duko B. Knowledge and practice on adequate sunlight exposure of infants among mothers attending EPI unit of Aleta Wondo Health Center, SNNPR, Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2019;12(1):183.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"1918_CR32","unstructured":"Hora A. Practice and factors associated with Infant Sunlight Exposure among Mothers in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha Woreda, East Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia: HU; 2022."},{"issue":"3","key":"1918_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.1999.00362.x","volume":"35","author":"S Harrison","year":"1999","unstructured":"Harrison S, Buettner P. Why do mothers still sun their infants? J Paediatr Child Health. 1999;35(3):296\u20139.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"1918_CR34","unstructured":"Sumi SP, Mbbs MGP, Alam MJ, Tayab MA, Nawshaduddin AAM. Risk Factor for Nutritional Rickets among 0\u20135 Years Children in Bangladesh."},{"key":"1918_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holick MF. Deficiency of sunlight and vitamin D. British Medical Journal Publishing Group; 2008. p. 1318\u20139.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39581.411424.80"},{"issue":"1","key":"1918_CR36","first-page":"935","volume":"29","author":"EE Chaka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chaka EE, Abdurahman AA, Nedjat S, Majdzadeh R. Utilization and determinants of postnatal care services in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2019;29(1):935\u201344.","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci"},{"key":"1918_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-05372-6","volume":"20","author":"A Defar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Defar A, Getachew T, Taye G, Tadele T, Getnet M, Shumet T, et al. Quality antenatal care services delivery at health facilities of Ethiopia, assessment of the structure\/input of care setting. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020;20:1\u20139.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"1918_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5436324","volume":"2020","author":"T Tadesse Berehe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tadesse Berehe T, Modibia LM. Assessment of quality of antenatal care services and its determinant factors in public health facilities of Hossana Town, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia: a longitudinal study. Adv Public Health. 2020;2020:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Adv Public Health"},{"key":"1918_CR39","first-page":"953","volume":"2020","author":"D Haile","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haile D, Habte A, Bogale B. Determinants of frequency and content of antenatal care in postnatal mothers in Arba Minch Zuria District, SNNPR, Ethiopia. Int J Women\u2019s Health. 2019;2020:953\u201364.","journal-title":"Int J Women's Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1918_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-13-443","volume":"13","author":"T Ejigu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ejigu T, Woldie M, Kifle Y. Quality of antenatal care services at public health facilities of Bahir-Dar special zone, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"1918_CR41","first-page":"364","volume":"363","author":"E Edhs","year":"2016","unstructured":"Edhs E. demographic and health survey 2016: key indicators report. The DHS Program ICF. 2016;363:364.","journal-title":"The DHS Program ICF"},{"issue":"1","key":"1918_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02792-4","volume":"23","author":"IB Idris","year":"2023","unstructured":"Idris IB, Hamis AA, Bukhori ABM, Hoong DCC, Yusop H, Shaharuddin MA, et al. Women\u2019s autonomy in healthcare decision making: a systematic review. BMC Womens Health. 2023;23(1):643.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1918_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-1683.68785","volume":"17","author":"IH Al-Ayed","year":"2010","unstructured":"Al-Ayed IH. Mothers\u2019 knowledge of child health matters: are we doing enough? J Fam Community Med. 2010;17(1):22\u20138.","journal-title":"J Fam Community Med"}],"container-title":["Reproductive Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12978-024-01918-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12978-024-01918-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12978-024-01918-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T03:35:25Z","timestamp":1736998525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12978-024-01918-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1918"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12978-024-01918-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-4755"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-4755","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"5"}}