{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T23:10:12Z","timestamp":1794265812113,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-025-01951-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T02:46:03Z","timestamp":1737773163000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Infertility stigma and openness with others are related to depressive symptoms and meaning in life in men and women diagnosed with infertility"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Brennan","family":"Peterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orit","family":"Taubman-Ben-Ari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Frederick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1951_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"25","author":"RT Klaus","year":"2023","unstructured":"Klaus RT, Dias Costa MH, Foletto Pimenta C, Mendes AV, Levandowski DC. To disclose and have someone to count on: Infertility and social support. Psicologia. 2023;25(3):1\u201322.","journal-title":"Psicologia"},{"key":"1951_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.56.091103.070137","volume":"56","author":"B Major","year":"2005","unstructured":"Major B, O\u2019Brien LT. The social psychology of stigma. Annu Rev Psychol. 2005;56:393\u2013421.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"1951_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011084821700","volume":"43","author":"L Remennick","year":"2000","unstructured":"Remennick L. Childless in the land of imperative motherhood: Stigma and coping among infertile Israeli women. Sex Roles. 2000;43:821\u201341.","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"1951_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem115","volume":"22","author":"P Slade","year":"2007","unstructured":"Slade P, O\u2019Neill C, Simpson AJ, Lashen H. The relationship between perceived stigma, disclosure patterns, support and distress in new attendees at an infertility clinic. Hum Reprod. 2007;22:2309\u201317.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1951_CR5","unstructured":"Infertility prevalence estimates, 1990\u20132021. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2023."},{"key":"1951_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2006.25.8.875","volume":"25","author":"PW Corrigan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Corrigan PW, Watson A, Barr L. The self-stigma of mental illness: implications for self-esteem and self-efficacy. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2006;25:875\u201384.","journal-title":"J Soc Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1951_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2020.1808233","volume":"26","author":"M Fang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fang M, Li G, Kang X, et al. The role of gender and self-esteem as moderators of the relationship between stigma and psychological distress among infertile couples. Psychol Health Med. 2021;26:1181\u201394.","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"key":"1951_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der209","volume":"26","author":"A Galhardo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Galhardo A, Pinto-Gouveia J, Cunha M, Matos M. The impact of shame and self-judgment on psychopathology in infertile patients. Hum Reprod. 2011;26:2408\u201314.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1951_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-24864-2_2","volume-title":"Pathways and barriers to parenthood: Existential concerns regarding fertility, pregnancy, and early parenthood","author":"B Peterson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peterson B, Place JM. The experience of infertility: An unexpected barrier in the transition to parenthood. In: Ben-Ari OT, editor. Pathways and barriers to parenthood: Existential concerns regarding fertility, pregnancy, and early parenthood. Switzerland: Springer; 2019. p. 19\u201337."},{"key":"1951_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-017-9656-1","volume":"24","author":"Y Benyamini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Benyamini Y, Gozlan M, Weissman A. Normalization as a strategy for maintaining quality of life while coping with infertility in a pronatalist culture. Int J Behav Med. 2017;24:871\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1951_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513X14526393","volume":"37","author":"K Tanaka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tanaka K, Johnson NE. Childlessness and mental well-being in a global context. J Fam Issues. 2016;37(8):1027\u201345.","journal-title":"J Fam Issues"},{"issue":"3","key":"1951_CR12","first-page":"153","volume":"17","author":"H Fallahzadeh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fallahzadeh H, Zareei Mahmood Abadi H, Momayyezi M, Malaki Moghadam H, Keyghobadi N. The comparison of depression and anxiety between fertile and infertile couples a meta-analysis study. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2019;17(3):153\u201362.","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Biomed"},{"key":"1951_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.2298\/SARH230601110P","volume":"151","author":"B Peju\u0161kovi\u0107","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peju\u0161kovi\u0107 B, To\u0161kovi\u0107 O, Ivani\u0161evi\u0107 M, Lero M, Durutovi\u0107 O. Depression and distress in couples with infertility \u2013 Who suffers more? Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2023;151:684\u20138.","journal-title":"Srp Arh Celok Lek"},{"key":"1951_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det412","volume":"29","author":"BD Peterson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Peterson BD, Sejbaek CS, Pirritano M, Schmidt L. Are severe depressive symptoms associated with infertility-related distress in individuals and their partners? Hum Reprod. 2014;29:76\u201382.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1951_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093459","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1093459","volume":"13","author":"Y Xie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xie Y, Ren Y, Niu C, Zheng Y, Yu P, Li L. The impact of stigma on mental health and quality of life of infertile women: a systematic review. Front Psychol. 2023;13:1093459.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"1951_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1080\/14647273.2016.1222083","volume":"19","author":"ST Arya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arya ST, Dibb B. The experience of infertility treatment: the male perspective. Hum Fertil (Camb). 2016;19:242\u20138.","journal-title":"Hum Fertil (Camb)"},{"key":"1951_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244015610319","volume":"5","author":"E Hanna","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hanna E, Gough B. Experiencing male infertility: a review of the qualitative research literature. SAGE Open. 2015;5:1\u20139.","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"key":"1951_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.112910","volume":"251","author":"M Bornstein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bornstein M, Gipson JD, Failing G, Banda V, Norris A. Individual and community-level impact of infertility-related stigma in Malawi. Soc Sci Med. 2020;251: 112910.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"1951_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0167.53.1.80","volume":"53","author":"MF Steger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Steger MF, Frazier P, Oishi S, Kaler M. The meaning in life questionnaire: assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. J Couns Psychol. 2006;53:80\u201393.","journal-title":"J Couns Psychol"},{"key":"1951_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.07.031","volume":"141","author":"K Sweeny","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sweeny K, Andrews SE, Nelson SK, Robbins ML. Waiting for a baby: navigating uncertainty in recollections of trying to conceive. Soc Sci Med. 2015;141:123\u201332.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"1951_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.220099","volume":"1","author":"CJ De Jonge","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Jonge CJ, Gellatly SA, Vazquez-Levin MH, Barratt CLR, Rautakallio-Hokkanen S. Male attitudes towards infertility: results from a global questionnaire. World J Mens Health. 2023;1:204\u201314.","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"key":"1951_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.12548","volume":"39","author":"A Dolan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dolan A, Lomas T, Ghobara T, Hartshorne G. \u2018It\u2019s like taking a bit of masculinity away from you\u2019: towards a theoretical understanding of men\u2019s experiences of infertility. Sociol Health Illn. 2017;39:878\u201392.","journal-title":"Sociol Health Illn"},{"key":"1951_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.12.031","volume":"107","author":"A Babore","year":"2017","unstructured":"Babore A, Stuppia L, Trumello C, Candelori C, Antonucci I. Male factor infertility and lack of openness about infertility as risk factors for depressive symptoms in males undergoing assisted reproductive technology treatment in Italy. Fertil Steril. 2017;107:1041\u20137.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1951_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cox CM, Thoma ME, Tchangalova N, Mburu G, Bornstein MJ, Johnson CL, Kiarie J. Infertility prevalence and the methods of estimation from 1990 to 2021 a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Open. 2022;1\u201324.","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoac051"},{"key":"1951_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13331","volume":"97","author":"U Kesmodel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kesmodel U. Cross-sectional studies \u2013 what are they good for? Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2018;97:388\u201393.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"1951_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2014.11.014","volume":"79","author":"B Fu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fu B, Qin N, Cheng L, et al. Development and validation of an infertility stigma scale for chinese women. J Psychosom Res. 2015;79:69\u201375.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"1951_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30622-6","volume":"10","author":"EM Andresen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Andresen EM, Malmgren JA, Carter WB, Patrick DL. Screening for depression in well older adults: evaluation of a short form of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). Am J Prev Med. 1994;10:77\u201384.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"1951_CR28","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications; 2010."},{"key":"1951_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015808","volume":"40","author":"CJ Ferguson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferguson CJ. An effect size primer: a guide for clinicians and researchers. Prof Psychol: Res Pract. 2009;40:532\u20138.","journal-title":"Prof Psychol: Res Pract"},{"key":"1951_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1080\/02646838.2019.1650904","volume":"38","author":"Z Kaya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaya Z, Oskay U. Stigma, hopelessness and coping experiences of Turkish women with infertility. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2020;38:485\u201396.","journal-title":"J Reprod Infant Psychol"},{"key":"1951_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16865-4","volume":"23","author":"Z Kiani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kiani Z, Fakari FR, Hakimzadeh A, Hajian S, Fakari FR, Nasiri M. Prevalence of depression in infertile men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2023;23:1\u201313.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"1951_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.04.040","volume":"104","author":"WD Petok","year":"2015","unstructured":"Petok WD. Infertility counseling (or the lack thereof) of the forgotten male partner. Fertil Steril. 2015;104:260\u20136.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1951_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40738-019-0058-8","volume":"5","author":"D Zaake","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zaake D, Kayiira A, Namagembe I. Perceptions, expectations and challenges among men during in vitro fertilization treatment in a low resource setting: a qualitative study. Fertil Res Pract. 2019;5:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Fertil Res Pract"},{"key":"1951_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1037\/a0039456","volume":"17","author":"B Gough","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gough B. Men\u2019s depression talk online: a qualitative analysis of accountability and authenticity in help-seeking and support formulations. Psychol Men Masculinity. 2015;17:156\u201364.","journal-title":"Psychol Men Masculinity"},{"key":"1951_CR35","first-page":"322","volume":"23","author":"S Gameiro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gameiro S, Finnigan A. Long-term adjustment to unmet parenthood goals following ART: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod. 2017;23:322\u201337.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1951_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-020-00230-y","volume":"22","author":"JB Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li JB, Dou K, Liang Y. The relationship between presence of meaning, search for meaning, and subjective well-being: a three-level meta-analysis based on the meaning in life questionnaire. J Happiness Stud. 2021;22:467\u201389.","journal-title":"J Happiness Stud"},{"key":"1951_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.12696","volume":"56","author":"L Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin L, Chan HW. When is search for meaning in life beneficial for well-being? A cross-national study. Int J Psychol. 2021;56:75\u201384.","journal-title":"Int J Psychol"},{"key":"1951_CR38","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Pathways and barriers to parenthood: Existential concerns regarding fertility, pregnancy, and early parenthood","author":"JL Morse","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morse JL, Steger MF. Giving birth to meaning: Understanding parenthood through the psychology of meaning in life. In: Ben-Ari OT, editor. Pathways and barriers to parenthood: Existential concerns regarding fertility, pregnancy, and early parenthood. Switzerland: Springer; 2019. p. 1\u20139."},{"key":"1951_CR39","volume-title":"The Power of meaning: crafting a life that matters","author":"EE Smith","year":"2017","unstructured":"Smith EE. The Power of meaning: crafting a life that matters. New York: Crown Publishing Group; 2017."},{"key":"1951_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037336","volume":"51","author":"L Greenberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Greenberg L. The therapeutic relationship in emotion-focused therapy. Psychother. 2014;51:350\u20137.","journal-title":"Psychother"},{"issue":"12","key":"1951_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(03)00138-2","volume":"57","author":"J Boivin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Boivin J. A review of psychosocial interventions in infertility. Soc Sci Med. 2003;57(12):2325\u201341.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"1951_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei015","volume":"20","author":"CM Verhaak","year":"2005","unstructured":"Verhaak CM, Smeenk JM, van Minnen A, Kremer JA, Kraaimaat FW. A longitudinal, prospective study on emotional adjustment before, during and after consecutive fertility treatment cycles. Hum Reprod. 2005;20:2253\u201360.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1951_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1037\/men0000452","volume":"25","author":"L Drewitt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Drewitt L, Marczak M. Men\u2019s experiences of infertility: a metaethnographic systematic review. Psychol Men Masc. 2024;25:165\u201386.","journal-title":"Psychol Men Masc"},{"key":"1951_CR44","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Fertility counseling: Clinical guide","author":"B Peterson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peterson B, Petok B. The male experience with fertility and counseling: Addressing the needs of diverse populations. In: Covington S, editor. Fertility counseling: Clinical guide. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press; 2023. p.153\u201361.","edition":"2"},{"key":"1951_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988316671460","volume":"11","author":"J Richard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Richard J, Badillo-Amberg I, Zelkowitz P. \u201cSo much of this story could be me\u201d: men\u2019s use of support in online infertility discussion boards. Am J Mens Health. 2017;11:663\u201373.","journal-title":"Am J Mens Health"},{"key":"1951_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1177\/1363459316649765","volume":"20","author":"E Hanna","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hanna E, Gough B. Emoting infertility online: a qualitative analysis of men\u2019s forum posts. Health. 2016;20:363\u201382.","journal-title":"Health"},{"key":"1951_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew320","volume":"32","author":"Y Frederiksen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frederiksen Y, O\u2019Toole MS, Mehlsen MY, et al. The effect of expressive writing intervention for infertile couples: a randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod. 2017;32:391\u2013402.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"1","key":"1951_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1177\/10664807221104795","volume":"31","author":"B Stahnke","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stahnke B, Cooley ME, Blackstone A. A systematic review of life satisfaction experiences among childfree adults. Fam J. 2023;31(1):60\u20138.","journal-title":"Fam J"},{"key":"1951_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-015-0032-1","volume":"13","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Agarwal A, Mulgund A, Hamada A, Chyatte MR. A unique view on male infertility around the globe. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2015;13:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"1951_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2013.06.009","volume":"27","author":"L Culley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Culley L, Hudson N, Lohan M. Where are all the men? The marginalization of men in social scientific research on infertility. Reprod Biomed Online. 2013;27:225\u201335.","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"1951_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grace B, Shawe J, Johnson S, Stephenson J. You did not turn up\u2026 I did not realise I was invited\u2026: understanding male attitudes towards engagement in fertility and reproductive health discussions. Hum Reprod Open. 2019;1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoz014"},{"key":"1951_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Law C. Men on the margins? Reflections on recruiting and engaging men in reproduction research. Methodol Innov. 2019;1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1177\/2059799119829425"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-025-01983-6","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000}}],"container-title":["Reproductive Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12978-025-01951-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12978-025-01951-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12978-025-01951-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T23:05:58Z","timestamp":1742598358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12978-025-01951-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1951"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12978-025-01951-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-4755"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-4755","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 March 2025","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12978-025-01983-6","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12978-025-01983-6","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Chapman University Institutional Review Board (IRB-23\u2013312) October 30, 2023.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"7"}}