{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T07:15:37Z","timestamp":1779347737862,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Progress<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper is a narrative review that takes stock of the progress in addressing preterm birth over the past decade \u2013 notably on policies, national plans, innovation, evidence, social mobilisation, and community engagement \u2013 to inform future progress on preterm birth.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>At the global policy level, many countries have strongly supported collective initiatives and resolutions on maternal and newborn health relevant to preterm birth in multilateral fora, most recently through a World Health Assembly resolution calling for a revival amongst the global community on stalled progress for maternal, newborn and child health. Following the adoption of other global plans, like the Every Newborn Action Plan and Strategies for Ending Preventable Maternal Mortality, most countries set corresponding national mortality and coverage targets, and many have national and subnational policies and plans for integrated maternal and newborn health. Adequate financing remains a challenge, and sexual and reproductive health and rights of women and girls are being challenged globally.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>There have been significant advances in evidence-based interventions for preterm birth prevention and care, reflected in updated World Health Organization guidelines on antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum care, and care for small and sick newborns. The past decade has also seen progress in social mobilisation and community engagement, particularly parent groups and healthcare professional organisations advocating on issues surrounding preterm birth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Polycrisis and vulnerability<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are, however, significant challenges that continue to hamper progress on preterm birth. Polycrisis \u2013 the interplay of overlapping economic, geopolitical, and environmental crises \u2013 compounds existing inequities, especially in places where health systems are already weak. Distinct and overlapping threats from conflict, climate change and the cost-of-living crisis present life-or-death challenges to those already facing extreme vulnerability, particularly women and girls, and small and sick newborns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Preterm birth: a marker of maternal and neonatal health progress in the coming decade<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The detrimental impacts of preterm birth are felt along the life course and across generations. The success of countries and the global community in preventing preterm births and ensuring high-quality care for mothers and preterm babies serves as a critical measure of progress \u2013 or failure \u2013 in advancing global efforts to improve maternal and newborn health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-025-02044-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T07:50:55Z","timestamp":1750665055000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Born Too Soon: Learning from the past to accelerate action in the next decade"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6925-6669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Gruending","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joy E.","family":"Lawn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Etienne V.","family":"Langlois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Jacobsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"McDougall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajat","family":"Khosla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zulfiqar A.","family":"Bhutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashok K.","family":"Deorari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lily","family":"Kak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Robb-McCord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nabila","family":"Zaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ditas Duque","family":"Decena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helga","family":"Fogstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anshu","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary V.","family":"Kinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Queen","family":"Dube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2044_CR1","volume-title":"The Global Action Report on Preterm Birth","author":"Born Too Soon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Born Too Soon. The Global Action Report on Preterm Birth. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012."},{"key":"2044_CR2","volume-title":"decade of action on preterm birth","author":"Born too soon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Born too soon. Decade of action on preterm birth. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023."},{"key":"2044_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langlois EV, Reid A, Lawn JE, Kinney MV, El Bizri M, Beliz\u00e1n JM, Gruending A, Jacobsson B. Born Too Soon: Priorities to improve the prevention and care of preterm birth. BMC Reprod Health. 2025;22(Suppl 2).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-025-02069-z"},{"issue":"10409","key":"2044_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00878-4","volume":"402","author":"EO Ohuma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ohuma EO, Moller A-B, Bradley E, Chakwera S, Hussain-Alkhateeb L, Lewin A, et al. National, regional, and global estimates of preterm birth in 2020, with trends from 2010: a systematic analysis. The Lancet. 2023;402(10409):1261\u201371.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2044_CR5","unstructured":"Global health estimates: Leading causes of DALYs. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024 [Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/themes\/mortality-and-global-health-estimates\/global-health-estimates-leading-causes-of-dalys."},{"key":"2044_CR6","volume-title":"Report 2023, Estimates developed by the United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation","author":"Levels & Trends in Child Mortality","year":"2024","unstructured":"Levels & Trends in Child Mortality. Report 2023, Estimates developed by the United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. New York: United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation; 2024."},{"key":"2044_CR7","unstructured":"Never Forgotten - The situation of stillbirth around the globe. New York: United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation 2022."},{"key":"2044_CR8","first-page":"2023","volume-title":"to 2020: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA","author":"Trends in maternal mortality","year":"2000","unstructured":"Trends in maternal mortality to 2020: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA. World Bank Group and UNDESA\/Population Division. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000. p. 2023."},{"issue":"10063","key":"2044_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31593-8","volume":"388","author":"L Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu L, Oza S, Hogan D, Chu Y, Perin J, Zhu J, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000\u201315: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals. Lancet. 2016;388(10063):3027\u201335.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2044_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01343-9","volume":"55","author":"P Sol\u00e9-Navais","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sol\u00e9-Navais P, Flatley C, Steinthorsdottir V, Vaudel M, Juodakis J, Chen J, et al. Genetic effects on the timing of parturition and links to fetal birth weight. Nat Genet. 2023;55(4):559\u201367.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"11","key":"2044_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp328","volume":"170","author":"AC Svensson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Svensson AC, Sandin S, Cnattingius S, Reilly M, Pawitan Y, Hultman CM, et al. Maternal Effects for Preterm Birth: A Genetic Epidemiologic Study of 630,000 Families. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;170(11):1365\u201372.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2044_CR12","first-page":"101132","volume":"52","author":"GL Taylor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Taylor GL, O\u2019Shea TM. Extreme prematurity: Risk and resiliency. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2022;52(2):101132.","journal-title":"Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care"},{"key":"2044_CR13","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Survive and thrive: transforming care for every small and sick newborn. 2019."},{"key":"2044_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobsson B, Requejo JH, Dey T, Lavin T, Mannah MT, Menon R, Valencia C, Sharma G, Shennan A, Shakibazadeh E, Lumbiganon P, Bar-Zeev S, Steen S, Nguku A, Obara H, Noguchi L, Okong P, Singh SA, Sandall J, Gruending A, Qureshi Z, Vogel J. Born Too Soon: Women\u2019s health and maternal care services, seizing missed opportunities to prevent and manage preterm birth. BMC Reprod Health. 2025;22(Suppl 2).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-025-02034-w"},{"key":"2044_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langlois EV, El Bizri M, Thompson K, Reid A, Khalil M, Gasparri G, Lawn JE, Dey T, Robb-McCord J, Benaskeur YI, Bonell A, Gidebo A, Scudder E, Kostelecky SM, Machawira P, Gronseth L, Prasad R, Sapkota D, SomaPillay P, Valsangkar B, Jacobsson B, Temmerman M. Born Too Soon: Integration of intersectoral interventions for impact on preterm birth. BMC Reprod Health. 2025;22(Suppl 2).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-025-02043-9"},{"issue":"9","key":"2044_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.0810","volume":"170","author":"CC Pace","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pace CC, Spittle AJ, Molesworth CM, Lee KJ, Northam EA, Cheong JL, et al. Evolution of depression and anxiety symptoms in parents of very preterm infants during the newborn period. JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170(9):863\u201370.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2044_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2017.02.005","volume":"46","author":"ATF Roque","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roque ATF, Lasiuk GC, Rad\u00fcnz V, Hegadoren K. Scoping Review of the Mental Health of Parents of Infants in the NICU. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2017;46(4):576\u201387.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"2044_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kinney MV, Ateva E, Cocoman O, Schaaf M, Wanduru P, Khalil M, Sacks E, Tames R, Suguitani D, Stahlhofer M, Malhotra J, Ten Hoope Bender P. Born Toon Soon: Progress and priorities for respectful and rights-based preterm birth care. BMC Reprod Health. 2025;22(Suppl 2).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-025-02042-w"},{"key":"2044_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murless-Collins S, Ezeaka VC, Masoud NS, Walker K, Rhoda NR, Keenan W, Wall S, Bhutta ZA, Duran P, Bolaji O, Edmund K, Gupta G, Lawn JE. Born Too Soon: Care for small and sick newborns, evidence for investment and implementation. BMC Reprod Health. 2025;22(Suppl 2).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-025-02032-y"},{"issue":"10462","key":"2044_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01439-9","volume":"404","author":"DT Jamison","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jamison DT, Summers LH, Chang AY, Karlsson O, Mao W, Norheim OF, et al. Global health 2050: the path to halving premature death by mid-century. The Lancet. 2024;404(10462):1561\u2013614.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2044_CR21","unstructured":"SIXTY-SEVENTH WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY. WHA67.10 Newborn health action plan. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. Report No.: WHA67\/2014\/REC\/1."},{"key":"2044_CR22","unstructured":"Strategies toward ending preventable maternal mortality (EPMM). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015."},{"key":"2044_CR23","unstructured":"Every Women Every Newborn Everywhere: WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA; 2024 [Available from: https:\/\/ewene.org\/."},{"key":"2044_CR24","volume-title":"Children\u2019s and Adolescents\u2019 Health (2016\u20132030)","author":"The Global Strategy for Women\u2019s","year":"2015","unstructured":"The Global Strategy for Women\u2019s. Children\u2019s and Adolescents\u2019 Health (2016\u20132030). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015."},{"key":"2044_CR25","volume-title":"a framework for helping children survive and thrive to transform health and human potential","author":"Nurturing care for early childhood development","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nurturing care for early childhood development. a framework for helping children survive and thrive to transform health and human potential. Geneva: World Health Organization, UNICEF, World Bank Group; 2018."},{"key":"2044_CR26","unstructured":"Accelerate progress towards reducing maternal, newborn and child mortality in order to achieve Sustainable Development Goal targets 3.1 and 3.2. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. Report No.: A77\/A\/CONF.\/5."},{"key":"2044_CR27","volume-title":"Six actions to reduce unacceptably high maternal, newborn and child deaths and stillbirths","author":"Six years to the SDG deadline","year":"2024","unstructured":"Six years to the SDG deadline. Six actions to reduce unacceptably high maternal, newborn and child deaths and stillbirths. Geneva: Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health; 2024."},{"key":"2044_CR28","unstructured":"Conservative Member States Balk at References to \u2018Gender\u2019 in WHA Resolution [press release]. Geneva: Health Policy Watch 2024."},{"key":"2044_CR29","unstructured":"The Story. SheDecides; [Available from: https:\/\/www.shedecides.com\/our-story\/."},{"key":"2044_CR30","volume-title":"An Introduction","author":"Feminist Foreign Policies","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feminist Foreign Policies. An Introduction. New York: UN Women; 2022."},{"key":"2044_CR31","unstructured":"LOI constitutionnelle n\u00b0 2024-200 du 8 mars 2024 relative \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de recourir \u00e0 l'interruption volontaire de grossesse (1). Paris: L\u00e9gifrance; 2024."},{"key":"2044_CR32","unstructured":"Improving maternal and newborn health and survival and reducing stillbirth Progress Report. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023."},{"issue":"11","key":"2044_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1785","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00378-9","volume":"11","author":"MB Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar MB, Bath D, Binyaruka P, Novignon J, Lawn JE, Pitt C. Donor aid mentioning newborns and stillbirths, 2002\u201319: an analysis of levels, trends, and equity. Lancet Glob Health. 2023;11(11):e1785\u201393.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2044_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawn JE, Khosla R, Reid A, Langlois EV, Kinney M, Gupta G, Mollel D, Jacobsson B, El Bizri M, Gruending A, Ruysen H, Thompson K, Ashorn P, McDougall L, Fogstad H, Shafique F, Banerjee A. Born Too Soon: accelerating change to 2030 and beyond. BMC Reprod Health. 2025;22(Suppl 2).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-025-02035-9"},{"key":"2044_CR35","unstructured":"WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016."},{"key":"2044_CR36","unstructured":"WHO recommendations: intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018."},{"key":"2044_CR37","unstructured":"WHO recommendations on maternal and newborn care for a positive postnatal experience. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022."},{"key":"2044_CR38","unstructured":"Standards for improving the quality of care for small and sick newborns in health facilities. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020."},{"key":"2044_CR39","unstructured":"WHO recommendations for care of the preterm or low-birth-weight infant. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022."},{"key":"2044_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobsson B, Requejo JH, Dey T, Lavin T, Mannah MT, Menon R, Valencia C, Sharma G, Shennan A, Shakibazadeh E, Lumbiganon P, Bar-Zeev S, Steen S, Nguku A, Obara H, Noguchi L, Okong P, Singh SA, Sandall J, Gruending A, Qureshi Z, Vogel J. Born Too Soon: Women\u2019s health and maternal care services, seizing missed opportunities to prevent and manage preterm birth. BMC Reprod Health. 2025;22(Suppl 2).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-025-02034-w"},{"key":"2044_CR41","unstructured":"WHO guideline on health policy and system support to optimize community health worker programmes. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018."},{"key":"2044_CR42","unstructured":"Recommendations on digital interventions for health system strengthening. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019."},{"key":"2044_CR43","unstructured":"The role of artificial intelligence in sexual and reproductive health and rights. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024."},{"key":"2044_CR44","unstructured":"Parent- and patient organisations. Global Alliance for Newborn Care; 2019 [Available from: https:\/\/www.glance-network.org\/our-supporters\/network\/."},{"key":"2044_CR45","unstructured":"Parent Organisations Summit. European Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants; 2024 [Available from: https:\/\/www.efcni.org\/parent-organisation-meeting\/."},{"key":"2044_CR46","unstructured":"World Prematurity Day. European Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants; 2024 [Available from: https:\/\/www.efcni.org\/activities\/campaigns\/wpd\/."},{"issue":"10171","key":"2044_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30251-X","volume":"393","author":"EK Choo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Choo EK, Byington CL, Johnson NL, Jagsi R. From #MeToo to #TimesUp in health care: can a culture of accountability end inequity and harassment? Lancet. 2019;393(10171):499\u2013502.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2044_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tobin-Tyler L. Black Mothers Matter: The Social, Political and Legal Determinants of Black Maternal Health across the Lifespan. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2021.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3926765"},{"issue":"8","key":"2044_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMms2025396","volume":"384","author":"ZD Bailey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bailey ZD, Feldman JM, Bassett MT. How Structural Racism Works - Racist Policies as a Root Cause of U.S. Racial Health Inequities. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(8):768\u201373.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"2044_CR50","unstructured":"Maternal mortality rates in the United States, 2021, (2023)."},{"key":"2044_CR51","unstructured":"Black Maternal Health Week 2023: March of Dimes; 2023 [Available from: https:\/\/www.marchofdimes.org\/black-maternal-health-week-2023."},{"issue":"4","key":"2044_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2021.06.001","volume":"50","author":"NK Lowe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lowe NK. Black Women\u2019s Lives Matter. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2021;50(4):363\u20138.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"2044_CR53","volume-title":"2022 progress report on the every woman every child global strategy for women's, children's and adolescents' health (2016\u20132030)","author":"Protect the promise","year":"2022","unstructured":"Protect the promise. 2022 progress report on the every woman every child global strategy for women\u2019s, children\u2019s and adolescents\u2019 health (2016\u20132030). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022."},{"issue":"10273","key":"2044_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00131-8","volume":"397","author":"E Bendavid","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bendavid E, Boerma T, Akseer N, Langer A, Malembaka EB, Okiro EA, et al. The effects of armed conflict on the health of women and children. The Lancet. 2021;397(10273):522\u201332.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2044_CR55","volume-title":"Homeland Earth: A Manifesto for the New Millennium","author":"E Morin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Morin E. Homeland Earth: A Manifesto for the New Millennium. London: Hampton Press; 1999."},{"key":"2044_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1017\/sus.2024.1","volume":"7","author":"M Lawrence","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lawrence M, Homer-Dixon T, Janzwood S, Rockst\u00f6m J, Renn O, Donges JF. Global polycrisis: the causal mechanisms of crisis entanglement. Global Sustainability. 2024;7:e6.","journal-title":"Global Sustainability"},{"key":"2044_CR57","unstructured":"The Global Risks Report 2023. Geneva: World Economic Forum; 2023."},{"key":"2044_CR58","unstructured":"Prospects for Children in the Polycrisis: A 2023 Global Outlook. Internet. Florence: UNICEF; 2023."},{"issue":"4","key":"2044_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14124","volume":"100","author":"N Roos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roos N, Kovats S, Hajat S, Filippi V, Chersich M, Luchters S, et al. Maternal and newborn health risks of climate change: A call for awareness and global action. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2021;100(4):566\u201370.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2044_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m3811","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3811","volume":"371","author":"MF Chersich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chersich MF, Pham MD, Areal A, Haghighi MM, Manyuchi A, Swift CP, et al. Associations between high temperatures in pregnancy and risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirths: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;371:m3811.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"2044_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e208243","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8243","volume":"3","author":"B Bekkar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bekkar B, Pacheco S, Basu R, DeNicola N. Association of Air Pollution and Heat Exposure With Preterm Birth, Low Birth Weight, and Stillbirth in the US: A Systematic Review. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(6):e208243.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2044_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106902","volume":"158","author":"S McElroy","year":"2022","unstructured":"McElroy S, Ilango S, Dimitrova A, Gershunov A, Benmarhnia T. Extreme heat, preterm birth, and stillbirth: A global analysis across 14 lower-middle income countries. Environ Int. 2022;158:106902.","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2044_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lakhoo DP, Brink N, Radebe L, Craig MH, Pham MD, Haghighi MM, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of heat exposure impacts on maternal, fetal and neonatal health. Nature Medicine. 2024.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03395-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"2044_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21476","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-48329-5","volume":"13","author":"H Hao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hao H, Yoo SR, Strickland MJ, Darrow LA, D\u2019Souza RR, Warren JL, et al. Effects of air pollution on adverse birth outcomes and pregnancy complications in the U.S. state of Kansas (2000\u20132015). Scientific Reports. 2023;13(1):21476.","journal-title":"Scientific Reports."},{"issue":"9","key":"2044_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003718","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003718","volume":"18","author":"R Ghosh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghosh R, Causey K, Burkart K, Wozniak S, Cohen A, Brauer M. Ambient and household PM2.5 pollution and adverse perinatal outcomes: A meta-regression and analysis of attributable global burden for 204 countries and territories. PLoS Med. 2021;18(9):e1003718.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2044_CR66","first-page":"2020","volume-title":"Special Report","author":"State of Global Air","year":"2020","unstructured":"State of Global Air. Special Report. Boston: Health Effects Institute; 2020. p. 2020."},{"issue":"8","key":"2044_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2023.151841","volume":"47","author":"AM Oberlin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oberlin AM, Wylie BJ. Vector-borne disease, climate change and perinatal health. Semin Perinatol. 2023;47(8):151841.","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"2044_CR68","volume-title":"Forced displacement in 2023","author":"G Trends","year":"2024","unstructured":"Trends G. Forced displacement in 2023. Copenhagen: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"2044_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1162\/DAED_a_00428","volume":"146","author":"PH Wise","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wise PH. The Epidemiologic Challenge to the Conduct of Just War: Confronting Indirect Civilian Casualties of War. Daedalus. 2017;146(1):139\u201354.","journal-title":"Daedalus"},{"issue":"4","key":"2044_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000377","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000377","volume":"2","author":"J Keasley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Keasley J, Blickwedel J, Quenby S. Adverse effects of exposure to armed conflict on pregnancy: a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health. 2017;2(4):e000377.","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"2044_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2020.100921","volume":"39","author":"K Le","year":"2020","unstructured":"Le K, Nguyen M. Armed conflict and birth weight. Econ Hum Biol. 2020;39:100921.","journal-title":"Econ Hum Biol"},{"key":"2044_CR72","unstructured":"Lives of one million children \u2018hanging by a thread,\u2019 as child health services almost collapse across the Gaza Strip [press release]. UNICEF. 2023."},{"key":"2044_CR73","unstructured":"Community-Based Maternal and Newborn Health Care Bringing care closer to home in humanitarian and fragile settings. New York: International Rescue Committee; 2023."},{"key":"2044_CR74","unstructured":"Equity in pandemic preparedness. Geneva: Global Preparedness Monitoring Board; 2024."},{"key":"2044_CR75","first-page":"2023","volume-title":"Report on the State of the World's Preparedness","author":"A Fragile State","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fragile State A, of Preparedness,. Report on the State of the World\u2019s Preparedness. Geneva: Global Preparedness Monitoring Board; 2023. p. 2023."},{"key":"2044_CR76","unstructured":"Estimated Future Mortality from Pathogens of Epidemic and Pandemic Potential. London: Center for Global Development; 2023."},{"key":"2044_CR77","unstructured":"Mpox. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024 [Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/questions-and-answers\/item\/mpox."},{"issue":"21","key":"2044_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2026486","volume":"384","author":"S Arya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arya S, Naburi H, Kawaza K, Newton S, Anyabolu CH, Bergman N, et al. Immediate \u201cKangaroo Mother Care\u201d and Survival of Infants with Low Birth Weight. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(21):2028\u201338.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2044_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100733","volume":"33","author":"N Minckas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Minckas N, Medvedev MM, Adejuyigbe EA, Brotherton H, Chellani H, Estifanos AS, et al. Preterm care during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative risk analysis of neonatal deaths averted by kangaroo mother care versus mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;33:100733.","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"2044_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e485","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(22)00120-7","volume":"7","author":"The Lancet Public H","year":"2022","unstructured":"The Lancet Public H. The cost of living: an avoidable public health crisis. The Lancet Public Health. 2022;7(6):e485.","journal-title":"The Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"2044_CR81","unstructured":"World Economic Outlook: Countering the Cost-of-Living Crisis. Washington, DC.: International Monetary Fund; 2022."},{"key":"2044_CR82","unstructured":"Soaring cost of living leaves parents of sick children fearful about running medical equipment. London: Bliss for babies born premature or sick; 2022 [Available from: https:\/\/www.bliss.org.uk\/news\/2022\/soaring-cost-of-living-leaves-parents-of-sick-children-fearful-about-running-medical-equipment#:~:text=Bliss%20has%20spoken%20to%20parents,early%20to%20afford%20rising%20costs."},{"issue":"9938","key":"2044_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60458-X","volume":"384","author":"GL Darmstadt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Darmstadt GL, Kinney MV, Chopra M, Cousens S, Kak L, Paul VK, et al. Who has been caring for the baby? Lancet. 2014;384(9938):174\u201388.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10389","key":"2044_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00522-6","volume":"401","author":"JE Lawn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lawn JE, Ohuma EO, Bradley E, Idueta LS, Hazel E, Okwaraji YB, et al. Small babies, big risks: global estimates of prevalence and mortality for vulnerable newborns to accelerate change and improve counting. Lancet. 2023;401(10389):1707\u201319.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10389","key":"2044_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00354-9","volume":"401","author":"P Ashorn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ashorn P, Ashorn U, Muthiani Y, Aboubaker S, Askari S, Bahl R, et al. Small vulnerable newborns-big potential for impact. Lancet. 2023;401(10389):1692\u2013706.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9595","key":"2044_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61578-5","volume":"370","author":"KJ Kerber","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kerber KJ, de Graft-Johnson JE, Bhutta ZA, Okong P, Starrs A, Lawn JE. Continuum of care for maternal, newborn, and child health: from slogan to service delivery. Lancet. 2007;370(9595):1358\u201369.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2044_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i49","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czi057","volume":"20","author":"T Adam","year":"2005","unstructured":"Adam T, Amorim DG, Edwards SJ, Amaral J, Evans DB. Capacity constraints to the adoption of new interventions: consultation time and the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness in Brazil. Health Policy Plan. 2005;20(Suppl 1):i49\u201357.","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"2044_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-006-0100-4","volume":"10","author":"HK Atrash","year":"2006","unstructured":"Atrash HK, Johnson K, Adams M, Cordero JF, Howse J. Preconception care for improving perinatal outcomes: the time to act. Matern Child Health J. 2006;10(5 Suppl):S3-11.","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"issue":"9551","key":"2044_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69569-X","volume":"368","author":"J Sep\u00falveda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sep\u00falveda J, Bustreo F, Tapia R, Rivera J, Lozano R, Ol\u00e1iz G, et al. Improvement of child survival in Mexico: the diagonal approach. The Lancet. 2006;368(9551):2017\u201327.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2044_CR90","volume-title":"Investing in Sexual and Reproductive Health 2019","author":"Adding It Up","year":"2020","unstructured":"Adding It Up. Investing in Sexual and Reproductive Health 2019. New York: Guttmacher Institute; 2020."},{"key":"2044_CR91","unstructured":"Adolescent pregnancy. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024 [Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/adolescent-pregnancy."},{"key":"2044_CR92","unstructured":"The Global Health Observatory. Geneva: World Health Organization; [Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho."},{"issue":"2","key":"2044_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2016.11.007","volume":"64","author":"HK Leftwich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leftwich HK, Alves MV. Adolescent Pregnancy. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2017;64(2):381\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"}],"container-title":["Reproductive Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12978-025-02044-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12978-025-02044-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12978-025-02044-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T21:05:13Z","timestamp":1763413513000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12978-025-02044-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12978-025-02044-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-4755"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-4755","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No ethical considerations were applied as the study only used secondary data available in the public domain.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions, or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated, or the governments to which those institutions are associated.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"106"}}