{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T23:51:50Z","timestamp":1791157910562,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":87,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004366","name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-026-02405-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:05:24Z","timestamp":1783649124000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between maternal and neonatal outcomes and psychosocial risk levels in pregnant women: a convergent parallel mixed methods study protocol"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sahar","family":"Rouhzendeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahnaz","family":"Shahnazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Abbasalizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8360-4309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mojgan","family":"Mirghafourvand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2405_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457941800038X","volume":"30","author":"V Glover","year":"2018","unstructured":"Glover V, O\u2019Donnell KJ, O\u2019Connor TG, Fisher J. Prenatal maternal stress, fetal programming, and mechanisms underlying later psychopathology-A global perspective. Dev Psychopathol. 2018;30(3):843\u201354.","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2405_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2011.06.002","volume":"26","author":"MP Austin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Austin MP, Colton J, Priest S, Reilly N, Hadzi-Pavlovic D. The antenatal risk questionnaire (ANRQ): acceptability and use for psychosocial risk assessment in the maternity setting. Women birth: J Australian Coll Midwives. 2013;26(1):17\u201325.","journal-title":"Women birth: J Australian Coll Midwives"},{"key":"2405_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reilly N, Loxton D, Black E, Austin M-PJJ. The antenatal risk questionnaire-revised: Development, use and test-retest reliability in a community sample of pregnant women in Australia. J Affect Disord. 2021;293:43\u201350.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.05.081"},{"issue":"2","key":"2405_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g139","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.11.091850","volume":"90","author":"J Fisher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fisher J, Cabral de Mello M, Patel V, Rahman A, Tran T, Holton S, Holmes W. Prevalence and determinants of common perinatal mental disorders in women in low- and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ. 2012;90(2):g139\u201349.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2405_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-02036-6","volume":"12","author":"L Abdoli Najmi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abdoli Najmi L, Mirghafourvand M. The relationship between spousal violence, maternal functioning, depression, and anxiety among Iranian postpartum mothers: a prospective study. BMC Psychol. 2024;12(1):516.","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"issue":"9956","key":"2405_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61277-0","volume":"384","author":"A Stein","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stein A, Pearson RM, Goodman SH, Rapa E, Rahman A, McCallum M, Howard LM, Pariante CM. Effects of perinatal mental disorders on the fetus and child. Lancet (London England). 2014;384(9956):1800\u201319.","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"issue":"7","key":"2405_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-006-0061-3","volume":"41","author":"P Vostanis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vostanis P, Graves A, Meltzer H, Goodman R, Jenkins R, Brugha T. Relationship between parental psychopathology, parenting strategies and child mental health\u2013findings from the GB national study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2006;41(7):509\u201314.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2405_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155042","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2022.2155042","volume":"36","author":"EGSL Valdes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Valdes EGSL, Aamar R, Steiner L, Gorman JM, Ittel V, et al. Improving maternal mental health: assessing the extent of screening and training about peripartum depression. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2023;36(1):2155042.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"2405_CR9","first-page":"1412","volume":"38","author":"M Caplan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Caplan M, Keenan-Devlin LS, Freedman A, Grobman W, Wadhwa PD, Buss C, Miller GE, Borders AEJ. Lifetime psychosocial stress exposure associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. AJOP. 2021;38(13):1412\u20139.","journal-title":"AJOP"},{"key":"2405_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beck DC, Tabb KM, Tilea A, Hall SV, Vance A, Patrick SW, Schroeder A, Zivin KJC. The association between NICU admission and mental health diagnoses among commercially insured postpartum women in the US, 2010\u20132018. Children (Basesl). 2022;9(10):1550.","DOI":"10.3390\/children9101550"},{"issue":"10","key":"2405_CR11","first-page":"806","volume":"20","author":"MH Kia Sh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kia Sh MH, The effect of group counseling on the pregnancy experience in primigravida women: an interventional study. Nurs Midwifery J. 2022;20(10):806\u201318.","journal-title":"Nurs Midwifery J"},{"key":"2405_CR12","unstructured":"Mangeli M, Ramezani T, Mangeli S. The Effect of Educating about Common Changes in Pregnancy Period and the Way to Cope with them on Marital Satisfaction of Pregnant Women. Iran J Med Educ. 2009;8(2):305\u201313."},{"issue":"9","key":"2405_CR13","first-page":"809","volume":"15","author":"AKN Ebadi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ebadi AKN, Hajifighaha M. Psychometric Properties and Validation of the Persian Translation of the Pregnancy Experience Scale \u2013Brief Version (PES). J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci. 2016;15(9):809.","journal-title":"J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2405_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1080\/01674820400024406","volume":"25","author":"REF Glazier","year":"2004","unstructured":"Glazier REF, Goel V, Holzapfel S. [Stress, social support, and emotional distress in a community sample of pregnant women]. J Psychosom Obstetr Gynecol. 2004;25(3\u20134):247\u201355.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstetr Gynecol"},{"key":"2405_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malik A, Park S, Mumtaz S, Rowther A, Zulfiqar S, Perin J, Zaidi A, Atif N, Rahman A, Surkan PJJM. journal ch: Perceived social support and women\u2019s empowerment and their associations with pregnancy experiences in anxious women: a study from urban Pakistan. Matern Child Health J . . 2023;27(5):916\u201325","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-023-03588-6"},{"key":"2405_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaidi A, Khan A, Rowther A, Nazir H, Perin J, Rauf N, Mumtaz S, Naseem H, Atif N, Rahman A et al. Cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Pregnancy Experience Scale-Brief version (PES-Brief) in Pakistani women with antenatal anxiety symptoms. SSM Mental health. 2022;2:100055.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmmh.2021.100055"},{"issue":"2","key":"2405_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/02646838.2013.782606","volume":"31","author":"K Hammarberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hammarberg K, Wynter K, Fisher J, McBain J, Gibson F, Boivin J, McMahon C. The experience of pregnancy: does age or mode of conception matter? J reproductive infant Psychol. 2013;31(2):109\u201320.","journal-title":"J reproductive infant Psychol"},{"key":"2405_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moniri M, Rashidi F, Mirghafourvand M, Rezaei M, Ghanbari-Homaie, SJBp. The relationship between pregnancy and birth experience with maternal-fetal attachment and mother-child bonding: a descriptive-analytical study. BMC Psychol.2023;11(1):426.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-023-01475-x"},{"issue":"6","key":"2405_CR19","first-page":"1364","volume":"32","author":"MNAF Faramarzi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Faramarzi MNAF, Rezaee R. Relationship of coping ways and anxiety with pregnancy specific-stress. Pakistan J Med Sci. 2016;32(6):1364.","journal-title":"Pakistan J Med Sci"},{"key":"2405_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nahaee J, Rezaie M, Abdoli E, Mirghafourvand M, Ghanbari-Homaie S, Jafarzadeh MJRH. Association of childbirth experience with long\u2013term psychological outcomes: a prospective cohort study. Reprod Health. 2024;21(1):71.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-024-01819-9"},{"key":"2405_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saxbe D, Horton KT, Tsai ABJJFP. The Birth Experiences Questionnaire: A brief measure assessing psychosocial dimensions of childbirth. J Fam Psychol. 2018;32(2):262.","DOI":"10.1037\/fam0000365"},{"key":"2405_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rozsa D, Sande RK, Bernitz S, Dalen I, Braut GS, \u00d8ian P, Eggeb\u00f8 TM. Dalbye RJAOeGS: Associations between sociodemographic and obstetric factors, and childbirth experience. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2025;104(4):637\u201346.","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.15076"},{"key":"2405_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmadpour P, Faroughi F, Mirghafourvand, MJBp. The relationship of childbirth experience with postpartum depression and anxiety: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychol. 2023;11(1):58.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-023-01105-6"},{"key":"2405_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hildingsson I, Rubertsson CJJoPO. Gynecology: The role of women\u2019s emotional profiles in birth outcome and birth experience. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2022;43(3):298\u2013306.","DOI":"10.1080\/0167482X.2021.1885026"},{"key":"2405_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vacaru S, Beijers R, Browne PD, Cloin M, van Bakel H, van den Heuvel MI, de Weerth C. The risk and protective factors of heightened prenatal anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 lockdown. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):20261.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99662-6"},{"issue":"4","key":"2405_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2012.06067.x","volume":"69","author":"AJS Brown","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brown AJS. Impact of birth complications on breastfeeding duration: an internet survey. J Adv Nurs. 2013;69(4):828\u201339.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"2405_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.3109\/0167482X.2012.730584","volume":"33","author":"SB-BD G\u00fcrber","year":"2021","unstructured":"G\u00fcrber SB-BD, Lemola S, Jaussi C, Von Wyl A, Surbek D, et al. Maternal mental health in the first 3-week postpartum: The impact of caregiver support and the subjective experience of childbirth- A longitudinal path model. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol. 2021;33(4):176\u201384.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2405_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-013-0360-0","volume":"16","author":"BRN Christl","year":"2013","unstructured":"Christl BRN, Smith M, Sims D, Chavasse F, Austin M-P. The mental health of mothers of unsettled infants: is there value in routine psychosocial assessment in this context? Arch Women Ment Health. 2013;16(6):391\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Women Ment Health"},{"key":"2405_CR29","unstructured":"Sara SO, Sada SMLAG, Hala JA, Al-Obaidi JM. Barlow: Prevalence and correlates of perinatal depression. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology. 2023."},{"issue":"3","key":"2405_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2020.04.007","volume":"34","author":"S \u00c7ankaya","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u00c7ankaya S. The effect of psychosocial risk factors on postpartum depression in antenatal period: A prospective study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2020;34(3):176\u201383.","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nurs"},{"key":"2405_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ross LE, Dennis C-LJJWH. The prevalence of postpartum depression among women with substance use, an abuse history, or chronic illness: a systematic review. Women Health. 2009;18(4):475\u201386.","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2008.0953"},{"key":"2405_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wosu AC, Gelaye B, Williams MAJA. History of childhood sexual abuse and risk of prenatal and postpartum depression or depressive symptoms: an epidemiologic review. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2015;18(5):659\u201371.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-015-0533-0"},{"key":"2405_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seng JS, Sperlich M, Low LK, Ronis DL, Muzik M. Liberzon IJJom, health ws: Childhood abuse history, posttraumatic stress disorder, postpartum mental health, and bonding: a prospective cohort study. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2013;58(1):57\u201368.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-2011.2012.00237.x"},{"key":"2405_CR34","unstructured":"Aytac SH, Yazici SJIJCS. The effect of social support on pregnancy and postpartum depression. Int J Caring Sci. 2020;13(1):746."},{"issue":"10","key":"2405_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.111","volume":"67","author":"K Nancy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nancy K, Grote JAB, Amelia R, Gavin JL, Melville S, Iyengar, Wayne J, Katon. A meta-analysis of depression during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67(10):1012\u201324.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"2405_CR36","first-page":"822","volume":"42","author":"M Dolatian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dolatian M, Mahmoodi Z, Alavi-Majd H, Moafi F, Ghorbani M, Mirabzadeh AJJO, Research G. Psychosocial factors in pregnancy and birthweight. Path Anal. 2016;42(7):822\u201330.","journal-title":"Path Anal"},{"key":"2405_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramiro-Cortijo D, de la Calle M, Gila-D\u00edaz A, Moreno-Jim\u00e9nez B, Martin-Cabrejas MA, Arribas SM. Garrosa EJJocm: Maternal resources, pregnancy concerns, and biological factors associated to birth weight and psychological health. J Clin Med. 2021;10(4):695.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10040695"},{"key":"2405_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baird KM, Phipps H, Javid N, Stephen de Vries BJB. Domestic and family violence and associated maternal and perinatal outcomes: A population-based retrospective cohort study. Birth. 2025;52(1):89\u201399.","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12863"},{"key":"2405_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brik M, Sandonis M, Cabeza Oliver C, Temprado J, Hernandez Fleury A, Sanchez Echevarria E. Carreras EJJoPO, Gynecology: Predictors for cannabis cessation during pregnancy: a 10-year cohort study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2024;45(1):2319290.","DOI":"10.1080\/0167482X.2024.2319290"},{"key":"2405_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lund IO, Hannigan LJ, Ask H, Askelund AD, Hegemann L, Corfield EC, Wootton RE, Ahmadzadeh YI, Davey Smith G. McAdams TAJBm: Prenatal maternal stress: triangulating evidence for intrauterine exposure effects on birth and early childhood outcomes across multiple approaches. BMC Med. 2025;23(1):18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03834-w"},{"key":"2405_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uguz F, Yakut E, Aydogan S, Bayman MG, Gezginc KJJ. The impact of maternal major depression, anxiety disorders and their comorbidities on gestational age, birth weight, preterm birth and low birth weight in newborns. J Affect Disord. 2019;259:382\u20135.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.08.076"},{"key":"2405_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.02.062","volume":"286","author":"AI den Berg","year":"2021","unstructured":"van der Zee-van, den Berg AI, Boere-Boonekamp MM, Groothuis-Oudshoorn CGM, Reijneveld SA. Postpartum depression and anxiety: a community-based study on risk factors before, during and after pregnancy. J Affect Disord. 2021;286:158\u201365.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2405_CR43","unstructured":"Doulatian M, Hesami K, Shams J, Alavi MH. Relationship between violence during pregnancy and postpartum depression. 2010."},{"issue":"4","key":"2405_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2021.02.008","volume":"50","author":"R Pentecost","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pentecost R, Latendresse G, Smid M. Scoping Review of the Associations Between Perinatal Substance Use and Perinatal Depression and Anxiety. J Obstetric Gynecologic Neonatal Nurs. 2021;50(4):382\u201391.","journal-title":"J Obstetric Gynecologic Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"2405_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.064","volume":"250","author":"M Furtado","year":"2019","unstructured":"Furtado M, Van Lieshout RJ, Van Ameringen M, Green SM, Frey BN. Biological and psychosocial predictors of anxiety worsening in the postpartum period: A longitudinal study. J Affect Disord. 2019;250:218\u201325.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2405_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jim\u00e8nez-Barragan M, Falguera-Puig G, Curto-Garcia JJ, Monistrol O, Coll-Navarro E, Tarrag\u00f3-Grima M, Ezquerro-Rodriguez O, Ruiz AC, Codina-Capella L, Urquizu XJBP. Childbirth: Prevalence of anxiety and depression and their associated risk factors throughout pregnancy and postpartum: a prospective cross-sectional descriptive multicentred study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2024;24(1):500.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-024-06695-6"},{"issue":"5","key":"2405_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-018-0930-2","volume":"22","author":"LG Sophie Grigoriadis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sophie Grigoriadis LG, Miki Peer L, Mamisashvili G, Tomlinson SN, Vigod C-L, Dennis M, Steiner C, Brown A, Cheung H, Dawson NA, Rector. Melanie Guenette, Margaret Richter: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of antenatal anxiety on postpartum outcomes. Arch Women Ment Health. 2019;22(5):543\u201356.","journal-title":"Arch Women Ment Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2405_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-014-3532-x","volume":"291","author":"E Jonathan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jonathan E, Handelzalts GB, Ahren M-P, Lurie S, Raz N, Tamir Z, Sadan O. Personality, fear of childbirth and birth outcomes in nulliparous women. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2015;291(5):1055\u201362.","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2405_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finnbogad\u00f3ttir HR, Henriksen L, Hegaard HK, Halld\u00f3rsd\u00f3ttir S, Paavilainen E, Lukasse M, Broberg LJT, Violence. Abuse: The consequences of a history of violence on women\u2019s pregnancy and childbirth in the nordic countries: a scoping review. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2024;25(5):3555\u201370.","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380241253044"},{"key":"2405_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.11.054","volume":"347","author":"YS Anxin Yin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Anxin Yin YS, Seppo Heinonen S, R\u00e4is\u00e4nen W, Fang H, Jiang A, Chen. The impact of fear of childbirth on mode of delivery, postpartum mental health and breastfeeding: A prospective cohort study in Shanghai, China. J Affect Disord. 2024;347:183\u201391.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2405_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatt Carreno S, Orjuela-Grimm M, Vahedi L, Roesch E, Heckman C, Beckingham A, Gayford M. Meyer SRJPo: Linkages between maternal experience of intimate partner violence and child nutrition outcomes: A rapid evidence assessment. PLoS One. 2024;19(3):e0298364.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298364"},{"key":"2405_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reno R, Burch J, Stookey J, Jackson R, Joudeh L, Guendelman SJP. Preterm birth and social support services for prenatal depression and social determinants. PLoS One. 2021;16(8):e0255810.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255810"},{"key":"2405_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yaya S, Odusina EK, Adjei NK, Uthman, OAJBph. Association between intimate partner violence during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1610.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11625-8"},{"key":"2405_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Desta M, Getaneh T, Memiah P, Akalu TY, Shiferaw WS, Yimer NB, Asmare B, Black KIJH. Is preterm birth associated with intimate partner violence and maternal malnutrition during pregnancy in Ethiopia? A systematic review and meta analysis. Heliyon. 2021;7(10):e08103.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e08103"},{"key":"2405_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chauhan A, Potdar JJC. Maternal mental health during pregnancy: a critical review. Cureus. 2022;14(10):e30656.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.30656"},{"key":"2405_CR56","unstructured":"Ralph N, Clark Y, Gee G, Brown S, Mensah F, Hirvonen TJBJLC. Healing the past by Nurturing the future: perinatal support for aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander parents who have experienced complex childhood trauma-workshop one report. 2018."},{"key":"2405_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayram De\u011fer V. The Importance of Psychological Well-Being for Women: Ways to Cope with Stress and Postnatal Depression. In: Maternal and Child Health - A Holistic Approach to Equity, Nutrition, and Psychosocial Well-Being. edn. Edited by Bayram De\u011fer V. Rijeka: IntechOpen. 2025.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.1006420"},{"key":"2405_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Field T. Prenatal Depression Risk Factors, Developmental Effects and Interventions: A Review. J Pregnancy Child Health. 2017;4(1):301.","DOI":"10.4172\/2376-127X.1000301"},{"key":"2405_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.05.003","volume":"219","author":"CA Woody","year":"2017","unstructured":"Woody CA, Ferrari AJ, Siskind DJ, Whiteford HA, Harris MG. A systematic review and meta-regression of the prevalence and incidence of perinatal depression. J Affect Disord. 2017;219:86\u201392.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2405_CR60","unstructured":"Hoffman M. A Screening Protocol for Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Expectant Mothers. 2018."},{"key":"2405_CR61","unstructured":"Striegel K , Schoening A . Improving Perinatal Maternal Mental Health: Development of a Psychosocial Risk Assessment and Treatment Program. Doctoral dissertation. Creighton University.2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE. 2017;68178."},{"key":"2405_CR62","unstructured":"Bauer APM, Knapp M, Iemmi V, Adelaja B. The Cost of Perinatal Mental Health Problems. 2014. Available at: https:\/\/researchonline.lse.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/59885\/1\/__lse.ac.uk_storage_LIBRARY_Secondary_libfile_shared_repository_Content_Bauer%2C%20M_Bauer_Costs_perinatal_%20mental_2014_Bauer_Costs_perinatal_mental_2014_author.pdf. Accessed in 8 July 2026."},{"key":"2405_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350036","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1350036","volume":"15","author":"ANH Horakova","year":"2024","unstructured":"Horakova ANH, Hrdlickova K, Kalli S, Davletova A, Duarte M, et al. State of perinatal mental health care in the WHO region of Europe: a scoping review. Front Psychiatry. 2024;15:1350036.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2405_CR64","unstructured":"Finne J, Soini E, T\u00fckenmez Y. [Supporting the psychological well-being of expectant mothers at maternity clinics]. 2022."},{"key":"2405_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yi CHG, Lori J, Martyn KJJoO, Gynecologic, Nursing N. Development of prenatal event history calendar for black women. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2008;37(4):464\u201373.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2008.00255.x"},{"key":"2405_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yi CH, Lori J, Martyn K. Development of prenatal event history calendar for Black women. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2008;37(4):464\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2008.00255.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2008.00255.x"},{"key":"2405_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kohlhoff J, Cibralic S, Tooke S, Hickinbotham R, Knox C, Roach V, Barnett BJA. Obstetrics NZJo, Gynaecology: Health professional perspectives on an antenatal mental health screening program in a private hospital. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2021;61(6):891\u20137.","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13394"},{"key":"2405_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kohlhoff J, Tooke S, Philipov M, Hickinbotham R, Knox C, Roach V, Barnett BJA. Obstetrics NZJo, Gynaecology: Antenatal depression screening and psychosocial assessment in an Australian private hospital: An evaluation. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2023;63(1):42\u201351.","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13550"},{"issue":"1","key":"2405_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04589-z","volume":"22","author":"SEDS McNab","year":"2022","unstructured":"McNab SEDS, Fitzgerald L, Gomez P, Bhatti AM, Kenyi E, et al. The silent burden: a landscape analysis of common perinatal mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22(1):342.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2405_CR70","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Available from: http:\/\/www.behdasht.gov.ir."},{"key":"2405_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Austin MP, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Saint K, Parker GJAPS. Antenatal screening for the prediction of postnatal depression: validation of a psychosocial Pregnancy Risk Questionnaire. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2005;112(4):310\u20137.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2005.00594.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"2405_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-13-18","volume":"13","author":"MSV Rollans","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rollans MSV, Kemp L, Meade T. Digging over that old ground: an Australian perspective of women\u2019s experience of psychosocial assessment and depression screening in pregnancy and following birth. BMC Womens Health. 2013;13(1):18.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"2405_CR73","unstructured":"Abdollahi F, Abhari FR, Charati JY. Rouhani SJIjop, sciences b: Impact of psychological violence on pregnancy outcomes in a prospective study. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2014;8(3):22."},{"issue":"4","key":"2405_CR74","first-page":"405","volume":"24","author":"Atefeh Ghanbari Khanghah ZBK, Afagh Hassanzadeh Rad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Atefeh Ghanbari Khanghah ZBK, Afagh Hassanzadeh Rad. The importance of depression during pregnancy. JBRA Assist Reprod. 2020;24(4):405\u201310.","journal-title":"JBRA Assist Reprod"},{"issue":"1","key":"2405_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-016-0344-0","volume":"16","author":"V Schmied","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schmied V, Langdon R, Matthey S, Kemp L, Austin MP, Johnson M. Antenatal psychosocial risk status and Australian women\u2019s use of primary care and specialist mental health services in the year after birth: a prospective study. BMC Womens Health. 2016;16(1):69.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"2405_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.05.081","volume":"293","author":"N Reilly","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reilly N, Loxton D, Black E, Austin MP. The antenatal risk questionnaire-revised: Development, use and test-retest reliability in a community sample of pregnant women in Australia. J Affect Disord. 2021;293:43\u201350.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2405_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cetin A, Guleroglu FY, Punduk M, Ucar T, Celik OT, Golbasi Z, Cim EFA, Tekin S. Reilly NJBp: Turkish adaptation of the antenatal risk questionnaire-revised: study of validity and reliability. BMC Psychol. 2024;12(1):588.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-02112-x"},{"key":"2405_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gyokova E, Hristova-Atanasova E, Iskrov GJJCM. High Antenatal Psychosocial Risk Among Pregnant Women in Bulgaria: Evidence to Support Routine Mental-Health Screening. J Clin Med. 2025;14(14):5158.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14145158"},{"key":"2405_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/01674820400017830","volume":"25","author":"JAGM DiPietro","year":"2004","unstructured":"DiPietro JAGM, Costigan K, et al. Measuring the ups and downs of pregnancy stress. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol. 2004;25:189\u2013201.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2405_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-10-81","volume":"10","author":"ATC Dencker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dencker ATC, Bergqvist L, et al. Childbirth experience questionnaire (CEQ): development and evaluation of a multidimensional instrument. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2010;10:1\u20138.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2405_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghanbari-Homayi S, Dencker A, Fardiazar Z, Jafarabadi MA, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Meedya S, Mohammadi E. Mirghafourvand MJBp, childbirth: Validation of the Iranian version of the childbirth experience questionnaire 2.0. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19(1):465.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2606-y"},{"key":"2405_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.150.6.782","volume":"150","author":"JLHJ Cox","year":"1987","unstructured":"Cox JLHJ, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1987;150:782\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2405_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-7-11","volume":"7","author":"ATB Montazeri","year":"2007","unstructured":"Montazeri ATB, Omidvari S. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS): translation and validation study of the Iranian version. BMC Psychiatry. 2007;7:1\u20136.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2405_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3109\/01674829809048501","volume":"19","author":"KWB Wijma","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wijma KWB, Zar M. Psychometric aspects of the W-DEQ;a new questionnaire for the measurement of fear of childbirth. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol. 1998;19:84\u201397.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2405_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mortazavi F. Validity and reliability of the Farsi version of Wijma delivery expectancy questionnaire: an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Electron Physician. 2017;9(6):4606\u201315.","DOI":"10.19082\/4606"},{"key":"2405_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davies SM, Christiansen P, Harrold JA, Silverio SA. Fallon VJAowsmh: Creation and validation of the postpartum specific anxiety scale research short-form (PSAS-RSF). Arch Womens Ment Health. 2021;24(6):957\u201369.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-021-01114-7"},{"key":"2405_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-05855-4","volume":"23","author":"SJM Mashayekh-Amiri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mashayekh-Amiri SJM, Davies SM, et al. Psychometric evaluation of the postpartum specific anxiety scale - research short-form among iranian women (PSAS-IR- RSF). BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023;23:531.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2405_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agunbiade OM, Ogunleye, OVJIbj. Constraints to exclusive breastfeeding practice among breastfeeding mothers in Southwest Nigeria: implications for scaling up. Int Breastfeed J. 2012;7(1):5.","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4358-7-5"},{"key":"2405_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asgarian A, Hashemi M, Pournikoo M, Mirazimi T-S, Zamanian H. Amini-Tehrani MJJoHL: Translation, validation, and psychometric properties of breastfeeding self-efficacy scale\u2014short form among Iranian women. J Hum Lact. 2020;36(2):227\u201335.","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334419883572"},{"key":"2405_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barkin JL, Wisner KL, Bromberger JT, Beach SR, Terry MA. Wisniewski SRJJoWsH: Development of the Barkin index of maternal functioning. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2010;19(12):2239\u201346.","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2009.1893"},{"key":"2405_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-019-0859-2","volume":"19","author":"MBJ Mirghafourvand","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mirghafourvand MBJ, JM, Karami F, Ghanbari-Homayi S. The psychometric properties of the Barkin index of maternal functioning (BIMF) for the Iranian population. BMC Womens Health. 2019;19:1\u20138.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"2405_CR92","unstructured":"Afrasiabifar A, YAGHMAEI F, ABDOLI S, ABED SZ. Research tool translation and cross-cultural adaptation. 2006."},{"key":"2405_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tinsley HEBS. Handbook of applied multivariate statistics and mathematical modeling. In: Handbook of applied multivariate statistics and mathematical modeling. Elsevier 2000:3\u201336.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012691360-6\/50002-1"},{"key":"2405_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyng\u00e4s HMK, K\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4inen M. The Application of Content Analysis in Nursing Science Research. Springer; 2019.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-30199-6"},{"key":"2405_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fatemeh Aliasghari FE-D, AM, Mojgan Mirghafourvand. Relationship of domestic violence with pregnancy symptoms and pregnancy experience in Iranian pregnant women: a cross-sectionalstudy. BMJ Open. 2024;14(4):e082570.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-082570"},{"key":"2405_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azimi M, Fahami F. Mohamadirizi SJIjon, research m: The relationship between perceived social support in the first pregnancy and fear of childbirth. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2018;23(3):235\u20139.","DOI":"10.4103\/ijnmr.IJNMR_170_16"},{"key":"2405_CR97","unstructured":"Kheirabadi GR, Maracy MR. Perinatal depression in a cohort study on Iranian women. J Res Med Sci. 2010;15(1):41\u20139."},{"key":"2405_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mengke Gou LL, Fu W, Gong X, Guangyu Zhu. Yuan Wei Y, Zhou G, Schwarzer R. Prenatal maternal depressive symptoms of Chinese pregnant women and twin newborns\u2019 physical health: the moderating role of infant sex. Psychol Health Med. 2022 Sep;27(8):1682\u20131692.","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2021.1916957"},{"issue":"1","key":"2405_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/16070658.2017.1333753","volume":"31","author":"SS Madlalaa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Madlalaa SS. Antenatal and postpartum depression: effects on infant and young child health and feeding practices. South Afr J Clin Nutr. 2018;31(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"South Afr J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2405_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin-de-Las-Heras S, Velasco C. Luna-del-Castillo JdD, Khan KSJPo: Maternal outcomes associated to psychological and physical intimate partner violence during pregnancy: A cohort study and multivariate analysis. PLoS One. 2019;14(6):e0218255.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218255"},{"key":"2405_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmied V, Reilly N, Black E, Kingston D, Talcevska K, Mule V, Austin MP. Opening the door: midwives\u2019 perceptions of two models of psychosocial assessment in pregnancy-a mixed methods study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):451.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03133-1"}],"container-title":["Reproductive Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12978-026-02405-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12978-026-02405-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12978-026-02405-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T23:11:41Z","timestamp":1791155501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12978-026-02405-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2405"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12978-026-02405-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-4755"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-4755","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This protocol adheres to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical clearance has been obtained from the institutional review board of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (IR.TBZMED.REC.1405.106). All participants will provide written informed consent prior to enrollment, and confidentiality of their data will be strictly maintained. Participants will be explicitly informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without consequences.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"180"}}