{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:48:45Z","timestamp":1792165725443,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":86,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Health"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-026-02418-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:05:19Z","timestamp":1784696719000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stakeholders\u2019 views on comprehensive sexuality education in Sierra Leone: a critical theory analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Regina Mamidy","family":"Yillah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anais","family":"Bash-Taqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O\u2019bai","family":"Conteh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0226-841X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Augustus","family":"Osborne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2418_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1177\/02537176221139566","volume":"45","author":"JT Joseph","year":"2023","unstructured":"Joseph JT. Comprehensive sexuality education in the Indian context: Challenges and opportunities. Indian J Psychol Med. 2023;45(3):292\u20136.","journal-title":"Indian J Psychol Med"},{"key":"2418_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO recommendations on adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights."},{"key":"2418_CR3","unstructured":"Garoutte N. The Journey Towards Global Implementation of Holistic Sexuality Education: A Comparative Case Study of Sexuality Education Guidelines from UNESCO (Global), WHO (Europe), and SIECUS (USA)."},{"issue":"4","key":"2418_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1080\/14681811.2020.1821180","volume":"21","author":"SC Keogh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Keogh SC, Leong E, Motta A, Sidze E, Monz\u00f3n AS, Amo-Adjei J. Classroom implementation of national sexuality education curricula in four low-and middle-income countries. Sex Educ. 2021;21(4):432\u201349.","journal-title":"Sex Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2418_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40834-024-00286-8","volume":"9","author":"A Osborne","year":"2024","unstructured":"Osborne A, James PB, Bangura C, Kangbai JB. Exploring the drivers of unmet need for contraception among adolescents and young women in Sierra Leone. A cross-sectional study. Contracept reproductive Med. 2024;9(1):25.","journal-title":"Contracept reproductive Med"},{"key":"2418_CR6","unstructured":"Idowu A. Factors influencing adoption and implementation of interventions aimed at preventing adolescent pregnancy and child marriage in West Africa: a review of what works and what does not."},{"key":"2418_CR7","unstructured":"Review of the National Curriculum Framework and Guidelines for Basic Education Using the Sexuality Review. and Analysis Tool (SERAT). UNFPA Sierra Leone. 2020. Available from: https:\/\/sierraleone.unfpa.org\/en\/publications\/review-national-curriculum-framework-and-guidelines-basic-education-using-sexuality-1. Cited 2024 Jul 29."},{"key":"2418_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denney L, Gordon R, Kamara A, Lebby P. Change the context not the girls: a critical analysis of efforts to reduce teenage pregnancy in Sierra Leone. J Res Gend Stud. 2017;7(1).","DOI":"10.22381\/JRGS7120171"},{"key":"2418_CR9","unstructured":"Roseveare CM, Lavaly S. Support to Sierra Leone Adolescent Girls Empowerment (SAGE) Programme: Scoping and design report."},{"issue":"1","key":"2418_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818376","DOI":"10.1080\/26410397.2020.1818376","volume":"28","author":"R Bash-Taqi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bash-Taqi R, Watson K, Akwara E, Adebayo E, Chandra-Mouli V. From commitment to implementation: lessons learnt from the first National Strategy for the Reduction of Teenage Pregnancy in Sierra Leone. Sex reproductive health matters. 2020;28(1):1818376.","journal-title":"Sex reproductive health matters"},{"issue":"2","key":"2418_CR11","first-page":"2279352","volume":"9","author":"E Small","year":"2023","unstructured":"Small E, Nikolova SP, Keyes LL, Robinson SR. Sexual health literacy, parental education, and risky sexual behaviour among college students in Sierra Leone. Cogent Social Sci. 2023;9(2):2279352.","journal-title":"Cogent Social Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2418_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1080\/17502977.2019.1612992","volume":"13","author":"A Menzel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Menzel A. Without education you can never become president\u2019: Teenage pregnancy and pseudo-empowerment in post-Ebola Sierra Leone. J Intervention Statebuilding. 2019;13(4):440\u201358.","journal-title":"J Intervention Statebuilding"},{"key":"2418_CR13","unstructured":"Kosia BA. A Close Look at Teenage Pregnancy and its Intervention Strategies in Sierra Leone. Simon Fraser University; 2014."},{"key":"2418_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kincheloe JL, McLaren P. Rethinking critical theory and qualitative research. In Key works in critical pedagogy. 2011: p. 285\u2013326. Brill.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-6091-397-6_23"},{"key":"2418_CR15","first-page":"188","volume":"1","author":"D Sherman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sherman D. Critical theory. The Blackwell guide to continental philosophy. Jan. 2003;1:188\u2013218.","journal-title":"Jan"},{"key":"2418_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bourdieu P. Cultural reproduction and social reproduction. Knowledge, education, and cultural change. 2018: p. 71\u2013112. Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781351018142-3"},{"key":"2418_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srivastava N, Bhattacharya B, editors. The Postcolonial Gramsci. Routledge; 2012.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203128916"},{"key":"2418_CR18","first-page":"35","volume":"13","author":"JW Messerschmidt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Messerschmidt JW, Messner MA. Hegemonic, nonhegemonic, and new masculinities. Gender reckonings: New social theory and research. Feb. 2018;13:35\u201356.","journal-title":"Feb"},{"key":"2418_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.09.023","volume":"168","author":"K Stoebenau","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stoebenau K, Heise L, Wamoyi J, Bobrova N. Revisiting the understanding of transactional sex in sub-Saharan Africa: A review and synthesis of the literature. Soc Sci Med. 2016;168:186\u201397.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2418_CR20","unstructured":"Bowman D. Sen and Bourdieu: understanding inequality. Social policy working paper. 2010;14:1\u20136."},{"key":"2418_CR21","unstructured":"Giroux HA. Critical theory and the politics of culture and voice: Rethinking the discourse of educational research. In Qualitative research in education. 2004; p. 190\u2013210. Routledge."},{"key":"2418_CR22","unstructured":"Jejeebhoy SJ, Bott S. Non-consensual sexual experiences of young people: A review of the evidence from developing countries. 2003."},{"key":"2418_CR23","first-page":"1","volume":"Dec","author":"G Bantebya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bantebya G, Ochen E, Pereznieto P, Walker D. Cross-generational and transactional sexual relations in Uganda. Overseas Dev Inst 2014 Rep. 2014;Dec:1\u201336.","journal-title":"Overseas Dev Inst 2014 Rep"},{"key":"2418_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s12147-015-9140-7","volume":"32","author":"GT Yengoh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yengoh GT, Armah FA, Steen K. Women\u2019s bigger burden: Disparities in outcomes of large scale land acquisition in Sierra Leone. Gend Issues. 2015;32:221\u201344.","journal-title":"Gend Issues"},{"issue":"1","key":"2418_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-023-01680-2","volume":"20","author":"E Omanga","year":"2023","unstructured":"Omanga E, Inwani I, Agot K, Buttolph J, Nduati R, Macharia P, Onyango J, Kurth A. Understanding sexual behaviours of youth from the lens of caregivers, teachers, local leaders and youth in Homabay County, Kenya. Reproductive Health. 2023;20(1):141.","journal-title":"Reproductive Health"},{"key":"2418_CR26","unstructured":"Zibane SZ. Negotiating sexuality: informal sexual cultures amongst young people at a township high school in KwaZulu-Natal (Doctoral dissertation)."},{"issue":"3","key":"2418_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017596718715","volume":"30","author":"DZ Demetriou","year":"2001","unstructured":"Demetriou DZ. Connell\u2019s concept of hegemonic masculinity: A critique. Theory Soc. 2001;30(3):337\u201361.","journal-title":"Theory Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2418_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-05724-0","volume":"23","author":"H Ouahid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ouahid H, Mansouri A, Sebbani M, Nouari N, Khachay FE, Cherkaoui M, Amine M, Adarmouch L. Gender norms and access to sexual and reproductive health services among women in the Marrakech-Safi region of Morocco: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023;23(1):407.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"3","key":"2418_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2001.00189.x","volume":"32","author":"AK Blanc","year":"2001","unstructured":"Blanc AK. The effect of power in sexual relationships on sexual and reproductive health: an examination of the evidence. Stud Fam Plann. 2001;32(3):189\u2013213.","journal-title":"Stud Fam Plann"},{"issue":"10","key":"2418_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.115790","volume":"98","author":"JA Higgins","year":"2008","unstructured":"Higgins JA, Hirsch JS. Pleasure, power, and inequality: Incorporating sexuality into research on contraceptive use. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(10):1803\u201313.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"9547","key":"2418_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69662-1","volume":"368","author":"C Marston","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marston C, King E. Factors that shape young people\u2019s sexual behaviour: a systematic review. lancet. 2006;368(9547):1581\u20136.","journal-title":"lancet"},{"key":"2418_CR32","volume-title":"Culture, religion and sexual and reproductive health & rights","author":"M Cense","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cense M, de Neef M, Visscher W. Culture, religion and sexual and reproductive health & rights. The Netherlands: Rutgers; 2018."},{"key":"2418_CR33","unstructured":"Denney L, Gordon R, Ibrahim A. Teenage Pregnancy after Ebola in Sierra Leone. London: Overseas Development Institute; 2015."},{"issue":"6","key":"2418_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1080\/14681811.2015.1065476","volume":"15","author":"NC Browes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Browes NC. Comprehensive sexuality education, culture and gender: the effect of the cultural setting on a sexuality education programme in Ethiopia. Sex Educ. 2015;15(6):655\u201370.","journal-title":"Sex Educ"}],"container-title":["Reproductive Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12978-026-02418-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12978-026-02418-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12978-026-02418-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:03:01Z","timestamp":1792162981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12978-026-02418-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12978-026-02418-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-4755"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-4755","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Ethical clearance was obtained from the Sierra Leone Ethics and Scientific Review Committee at the Ministry of Health and Sanitation. The optional nature of the study (that participants could refuse to answer questions if they were uncomfortable, that from the study at any time, in which case none of their data would be used) was explained verbally. All the respondents were granted informed written consent to participate, and all data was anonymised. Confidentiality was also assured.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"185"}}