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We estimated cross-sectional associations between seropositivity to five persistent pathogens (Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 (HSV-1), Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 (HSV-2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>H.pylori<\/jats:italic>), and Hepatitis B) as well as total pathogen burden and leukocyte telomere length. Data were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999\u20132000) for individuals 20\u201349\u2009years of age, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091708. We analyzed the influence of each pathogen separately, a pathogen count score and a latent class model of pathogen burden on log telomere length using linear regression models, adjusted for covariates.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Individuals in a latent\u00a0pathogen burden class characterized by high probabilities of infection with HSV-1, CMV, and <jats:italic>H. pylori,<\/jats:italic> had significantly decreased log telomere length (\u2212\u20090.30 [95% CI: \u2212\u20090.36, \u2212\u20090.24]) compared to those in a latent class characterized by low probabilities of all five infections. There were limited significant associations using other pathogen measures.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These results suggest that infection with specific combinations of pathogens may be one mechanism contributing to accelerated cellular senescence with possible origins early in the life course.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-020-00206-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T07:03:00Z","timestamp":1605769380000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Pathogen burden and leukocyte telomere length in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2040-960X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace A.","family":"Noppert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Feinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer B.","family":"Dowd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca C.","family":"Stebbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belinda L.","family":"Needham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen C. 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