{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:35:57Z","timestamp":1790753757461,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006431","name":"Canc\u00e9rop\u00f4le Ile de France","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006431","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immun Ageing"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ageing leads to altered immune responses,\u00a0resulting in higher susceptibility to certain infections in the elderly. Immune ageing is a heterogeneous process also associated with inflammaging, a low-grade chronic inflammation. Altered cytotoxic T cell responses and cytokine storm\u00a0have previously\u00a0been described in severe COVID-19 cases, however\u00a0the parameters responsible for such immune response failures are not well known. The aim of our study was to characterize CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and cytokines associated with ageing,\u00a0in a cohort of patients aged over 70 years stratified by COVID-19 severity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>One hundred and four patients were included in the study. We found that, in older people, COVID-19 severity was associated with (i) higher level of GM-CSF, CXCL10 (IP-10), VEGF, IL-1\u03b2, CCL2 (MCP-1) and\u00a0the\u00a0neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), (ii) increased terminally differentiated CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells, and (ii) decreased early precursors CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T stem cell-like memory cells (TSCM) and CD27<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD28<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>. The cytokines mentioned above were found at higher concentrations\u00a0in the COVID-19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> older cohort compared to a younger cohort in which they were not associated with disease severity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our results highlight the particular importance of the myeloid lineage in COVID-19 severity\u00a0among older people. As GM-CSF and CXCL10 were not associated with COVID-19 severity in younger patients, they may\u00a0represent disease severity specific markers of ageing and should be considered in older people care.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-024-00430-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T08:01:58Z","timestamp":1715068918000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Increased levels of GM-CSF and CXCL10 and low CD8+ memory stem T Cell count are markers of immunosenescence and severe COVID-19 in older 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