{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T03:09:29Z","timestamp":1791083369663,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking","award":["806776"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["806776"]}]},{"name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking","award":["806776"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["806776"]}]},{"name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking","award":["806776"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["806776"]}]},{"name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking","award":["806776"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["806776"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006251","name":"University of Bordeaux","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Senior IdEx Chair"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Senior IdEx Chair"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006251","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006251","name":"University of Bordeaux","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Senior IdEx Chair"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Senior IdEx Chair"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006251","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ANR-21-CE15-0037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-21-CE15-0037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ANR-21-CE15-0037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-21-CE15-0037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002999","name":"Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VITAL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VITAL"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002999","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002999","name":"Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VITAL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VITAL"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002999","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002999","name":"Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VITAL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VITAL"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002999","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002738","name":"Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Paris","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CoviCompare study"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CoviCompare study"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002738","name":"Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Paris","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CoviCompare study"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CoviCompare study"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002738","name":"Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Paris","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CoviCompare study"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CoviCompare study"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002738","name":"Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Paris","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CoviCompare study"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CoviCompare study"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002738","name":"Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Paris","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CoviCompare study"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CoviCompare study"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immun Ageing"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-025-00542-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T09:25:12Z","timestamp":1761902712000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Re-evaluating CD57 as a marker of T cell senescence: implications for immune ageing and differentiation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ga\u00eblle","family":"Autaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniil","family":"Korenkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josine","family":"van Beek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Pellegrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e9atrice","family":"Parfait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debbie","family":"van Baarle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odile","family":"Launay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Tartour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Appay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"542_CR1","unstructured":"Ageing. and health. [Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/ageing-and-health"},{"key":"542_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2017.10.024","volume":"105","author":"G Pawelec","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pawelec G. Age and immunity: what is immunosenescence? Exp Gerontol. 2018;105:4\u20139.","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"12","key":"542_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0675-0","volume":"25","author":"D Furman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Furman D, Campisi J, Verdin E, Carrera-Bastos P, Targ S, Franceschi C, et al. Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span. Nat Med. 2019;25(12):1822\u201332.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"542_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13272","volume":"19","author":"LP Covre","year":"2020","unstructured":"Covre LP, De Maeyer RPH, Gomes DCO, Akbar AN. The role of senescent T cells in immunopathology. Aging Cell. 2020;19(12):e13272.","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"542_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-009462","author":"F Ullrich","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ullrich F, Brockelmann PJ, Turki AT, Khan AM, Chiru ED, Vetter M, et al. Impact of immunological aging on T cell-mediated therapies in older adults with multiple myeloma and lymphoma. J Immunother Cancer. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jitc-2024-009462.","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"542_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.01.002","volume":"25","author":"C Henry","year":"2019","unstructured":"Henry C, Zheng NY, Huang M, Cabanov A, Rojas KT, Kaur K, et al. Influenza virus vaccination elicits poorly adapted B cell responses in elderly individuals. Cell Host Microbe. 2019;25(3):357\u201366. e6.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"52","key":"542_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.11.002","volume":"38","author":"JC Allen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Allen JC, Toapanta FR, Chen W, Tennant SM. Understanding immunosenescence and its impact on vaccination of older adults. Vaccine. 2020;38(52):8264\u201372.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"5","key":"542_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.03.017","volume":"145","author":"CE Gustafson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gustafson CE, Kim C, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Influence of immune aging on vaccine responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;145(5):1309\u201321.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"542_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10040607","author":"T Fulop","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fulop T, Larbi A, Pawelec G, Cohen AA, Provost G, Khalil A, et al. Immunosenescence and altered vaccine efficiency in older subjects: a myth difficult to change. Vaccines. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines10040607.","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"10","key":"542_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201546178","volume":"46","author":"M Pinti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pinti M, Appay V, Campisi J, Frasca D, Fulop T, Sauce D, et al. Aging of the immune system: focus on inflammation and vaccination. Eur J Immunol. 2016;46(10):2286\u2013301.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"542_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2020.0603","volume":"11","author":"A Moskalev","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moskalev A, Stambler I, Caruso C. Innate and adaptive immunity in aging and longevity: the foundation of resilience. Aging Dis. 2020;11(6):1363\u201373.","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"542_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13206","volume":"316","author":"P Laphanuwat","year":"2023","unstructured":"Laphanuwat P, Gomes DCO, Akbar AN. Senescent T cells: beneficial and detrimental roles. Immunol Rev. 2023;316(1):160\u201375.","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"542_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00445","volume":"7","author":"BI Pereira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pereira BI, Akbar AN. Convergence of innate and adaptive immunity during human aging. Front Immunol. 2016;7:445.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"542_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2016.09.002","volume":"37","author":"AN Akbar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akbar AN, Henson SM, Lanna A. Senescence of T lymphocytes: implications for enhancing human immunity. Trends Immunol. 2016;37(12):866\u201376.","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"542_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-00927-z","volume":"22","author":"M Mittelbrunn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mittelbrunn M, Kroemer G. Hallmarks of T cell aging. Nat Immunol. 2021;22(6):687\u201398.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"542_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2004.07.001","volume":"125","author":"MS Hong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hong MS, Dan JM, Choi JY, Kang I. Age-associated changes in the frequency of naive, memory and effector CD8\u2009+\u2009T cells. Mech Ageing Dev. 2004;125(9):615\u20138.","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"542_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-010-9499-x","volume":"31","author":"CR Arnold","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arnold CR, Wolf J, Brunner S, Herndler-Brandstetter D, Grubeck-Loebenstein B. Gain and loss of T cell subsets in old age\u2013age-related reshaping of the T cell repertoire. J Clin Immunol. 2011;31(2):137\u201346.","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"542_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-010-9170-8","volume":"33","author":"S Ferrando-Martinez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ferrando-Martinez S, Ruiz-Mateos E, Hernandez A, Gutierrez E, Rodriguez-Mendez Mdel M, Ordonez A, et al. Age-related deregulation of Naive T cell homeostasis in elderly humans. Age (Dordr). 2011;33(2):197\u2013207.","journal-title":"Age (Dordr)"},{"issue":"6","key":"542_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2012.00867.x","volume":"11","author":"G Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li G, Smithey MJ, Rudd BD, Nikolich-Zugich J. Age-associated alterations in CD8alpha\u2009+\u2009dendritic cells impair CD8 T-cell expansion in response to an intracellular bacterium. Aging Cell. 2012;11(6):968\u201377.","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"542_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4073","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500046","volume":"194","author":"JJ Goronzy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goronzy JJ, Fang F, Cavanagh MM, Qi Q, Weyand CM. Naive T cell maintenance and function in human aging. J Immunol. 2015;194(9):4073\u201380.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"542_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.02111","volume":"7","author":"W Tu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tu W, Rao S. Mechanisms underlying T. cell immunosenescence: aging and cytomegalovirus infection. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:2111.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"542_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18081742","author":"W Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu W, Larbi A. Markers of T cell senescence in humans. Int J Mol Sci. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms18081742.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"542_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3RI0716-335R","volume":"102","author":"A Bektas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bektas A, Schurman SH, Sen R, Ferrucci L. Human T cell immunosenescence and inflammation in aging. J Leukoc Biol. 2017;102(4):977\u201388.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"542_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2020.110887","volume":"134","author":"L Pangrazzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pangrazzi L, Weinberger B. T cells, aging and senescence. Exp Gerontol. 2020;134:110887.","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"542_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1250916","volume":"14","author":"A Jain","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jain A, Sturmlechner I, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Heterogeneity of memory T cells in aging. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1250916.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"542_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2011.03470.x","volume":"134","author":"M Strioga","year":"2011","unstructured":"Strioga M, Pasukoniene V, Characiejus D. CD8\u2009+\u2009CD28- and CD8\u2009+\u2009CD57\u2009+\u2009T cells and their role in health and disease. Immunology. 2011;134(1):17\u201332.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"542_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12169","volume":"96","author":"P Cura Daball","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cura Daball P, Ventura Ferreira MS, Ammann S, Klemann C, Lorenz MR, Warthorst U, et al. CD57 identifies T cells with functional senescence before terminal differentiation and relative telomere shortening in patients with activated PI3 kinase delta syndrome. Immunol Cell Biol. 2018;96(10):1060\u201371.","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"542_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2015.08.007","volume":"61","author":"OO Onyema","year":"2015","unstructured":"Onyema OO, Njemini R, Forti LN, Bautmans I, Aerts JL, De Waele M, et al. Aging-associated subpopulations of human CD8\u2009+\u2009T-lymphocytes identified by their CD28 and CD57 phenotypes. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2015;61(3):494\u2013502.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"542_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-07-2103","volume":"101","author":"JM Brenchley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brenchley JM, Karandikar NJ, Betts MR, Ambrozak DR, Hill BJ, Crotty LE, et al. Expression of CD57 defines replicative senescence and antigen-induced apoptotic death of CD8\u2009+\u2009T cells. Blood. 2003;101(7):2711\u201320.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"542_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0020020","volume":"2","author":"L Papagno","year":"2004","unstructured":"Papagno L, Spina CA, Marchant A, Salio M, Rufer N, Little S, et al. Immune activation and CD8(+) T-cell differentiation towards senescence in HIV-1 infection. PLoS Biol. 2004;2(2):E20.","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"14","key":"542_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7759","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01262-06","volume":"81","author":"B Pourgheysari","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pourgheysari B, Khan N, Best D, Bruton R, Nayak L, Moss PA. The cytomegalovirus-specific CD4\u2009+\u2009T-cell response expands with age and markedly alters the CD4\u2009+\u2009T-cell repertoire. J Virol. 2007;81(14):7759\u201365.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"11","key":"542_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108501","volume":"33","author":"R Ahmed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmed R, Miners KL, Lahoz-Beneytez J, Jones RE, Roger L, Baboonian C, et al. CD57(+) memory T cells proliferate in vivo. Cell Rep. 2020;33(11):108501.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"542_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.14300","volume":"23","author":"H Slaets","year":"2024","unstructured":"Slaets H, Veeningen N, de Keizer PLJ, Hellings N, Hendrix S. Are immunosenescent T cells really senescent? Aging Cell. 2024;23(10):e14300.","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"542_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.4A0316-112R","volume":"101","author":"A Pera","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pera A, Vasudev A, Tan C, Kared H, Solana R, Larbi A. CMV induces expansion of highly polyfunctional CD4\u2009+\u2009T cell subset coexpressing CD57 and CD154. J Leukoc Biol. 2017;101(2):555\u201366.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"542_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22189973","author":"F Hassouneh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hassouneh F, Goldeck D, Pera A, van Heemst D, Slagboom PE, Pawelec G, et al. Functional changes of T-cell subsets with age and CMV infection. Int J Mol Sci. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22189973.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"542_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2446","volume":"17","author":"L Gattinoni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gattinoni L, Lugli E, Ji Y, Pos Z, Paulos CM, Quigley MF, et al. A human memory T cell subset with stem cell-like properties. Nat Med. 2011;17(10):1290\u20137.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"542_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13344","volume":"20","author":"RI Martinez-Zamudio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martinez-Zamudio RI, Dewald HK, Vasilopoulos T, Gittens-Williams L, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P, Herbig U. Senescence-associated beta-galactosidase reveals the abundance of senescent CD8\u2009+\u2009T cells in aging humans. Aging Cell. 2021;20(5):e13344.","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"542_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1801475","volume":"202","author":"T Fali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fali T, Papagno L, Bayard C, Mouloud Y, Boddaert J, Sauce D, et al. New insights into lymphocyte differentiation and aging from telomere length and telomerase activity measurements. J Immunol. 2019;202(7):1962\u20139.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"542_CR39","volume-title":"Accumulation of SA-betaGal-High cells in human Naive T cell compartments reveals a Stress-Adapted","author":"AC Alexandru","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alexandru AC, Hormazabal GV, Matsui H, Kasler H, Lore S, Aguirre CG, et al. Accumulation of SA-betaGal-High cells in human Naive T cell compartments reveals a Stress-Adapted. bioRxiv: Senescent-Like State; 2025."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"542_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-019-00608-7","volume":"208","author":"SPH van den Berg","year":"2019","unstructured":"van den Berg SPH, Pardieck IN, Lanfermeijer J, Sauce D, Klenerman P, van Baarle D, et al. The hallmarks of CMV-specific CD8 T-cell differentiation. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2019;208(3\u20134):365\u201373.","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"542_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010152","volume":"17","author":"SPH van den Berg","year":"2021","unstructured":"van den Berg SPH, Derksen LY, Drylewicz J, Nanlohy NM, Beckers L, Lanfermeijer J, et al. Quantification of T-cell dynamics during latent cytomegalovirus infection in humans. PLoS Pathog. 2021;17(12):e1010152.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"4","key":"542_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.4.2022","volume":"170","author":"U Karrer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Karrer U, Sierro S, Wagner M, Oxenius A, Hengel H, Koszinowski UH, et al. Memory inflation: continuous accumulation of antiviral CD8\u2009+\u2009T cells over time. J Immunol. 2003;170(4):2022\u20139.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"542_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.38","volume":"16","author":"P Klenerman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Klenerman P, Oxenius A. T cell responses to cytomegalovirus. Nat Rev Immunol. 2016;16(6):367\u201377.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"542_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01931-9","volume":"25","author":"E White","year":"2024","unstructured":"White E, Papagno L, Samri A, Sugata K, Hejblum B, Henry AR, et al. Clonal succession after prolonged antiretroviral therapy rejuvenates CD8(+) T cell responses against HIV-1. Nat Immunol. 2024;25(9):1555\u201364.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"542_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0402-379","volume":"8","author":"V Appay","year":"2002","unstructured":"Appay V, Dunbar PR, Callan M, Klenerman P, Gillespie GM, Papagno L, et al. Memory CD8\u2009+\u2009t cells vary in differentiation phenotype in different persistent virus infections. Nat Med. 2002;8(4):379\u201385.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"542_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4342","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.8.4342","volume":"170","author":"TW Kuijpers","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kuijpers TW, Vossen MT, Gent MR, Davin JC, Roos MT, Wertheim-van Dillen PM, et al. Frequencies of Circulating cytolytic, CD45RA\u2009+\u2009CD27-, CD8\u2009+\u2009T lymphocytes depend on infection with CMV. J Immunol. 2003;170(8):4342\u20138.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"542_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20022058","volume":"198","author":"E Amyes","year":"2003","unstructured":"Amyes E, Hatton C, Montamat-Sicotte D, Gudgeon N, Rickinson AB, McMichael AJ, et al. Characterization of the CD4\u2009+\u2009T cell response to Epstein-Barr virus during primary and persistent infection. J Exp Med. 2003;198(6):903\u201311.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"542_CR48","first-page":"1443","volume":"10","author":"K Chochi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chochi K, Ichikura T, Majima T, Kawabata T, Matsumoto A, Sugasawa H, et al. The increase of CD57\u2009+\u2009T cells in the peripheral blood and their impaired immune functions in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Oncol Rep. 2003;10(5):1443\u20138.","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"542_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-1420","volume":"27","author":"R Ferrara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferrara R, Naigeon M, Auclin E, Duchemann B, Cassard L, Jouniaux JM, et al. Circulating T-cell immunosenescence in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with single-agent PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors or platinum-based chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2021;27(2):492\u2013503.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"542_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.713132","volume":"12","author":"MC Ramello","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ramello MC, Nunez NG, Tosello Boari J, Bossio SN, Canale FP, Abrate C, et al. Polyfunctional KLRG-1(+)CD57(+) senescent CD4(+) T cells infiltrate tumors and are expanded in peripheral blood from breast cancer patients. Front Immunol. 2021;12:713132.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"542_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-004759","author":"M Fehlings","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fehlings M, Kim L, Guan X, Yuen K, Tafazzol A, Sanjabi S, et al. Single-cell analysis reveals clonally expanded tumor-associated CD57(+) CD8 T cells are enriched in the periphery of patients with metastatic urothelial cancer responding to PD-L1 blockade. J Immunother Cancer. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jitc-2022-004759.","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"542_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.864021","volume":"12","author":"J Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang J, He T, Yin Z, Shang C, Xue L, Guo H. Ascitic senescent T cells are linked to chemoresistance in patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Front Oncol. 2022;12:864021.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"542_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-024-00513-0","volume":"8","author":"W Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun W, Qiu F, Zheng J, Fang L, Qu J, Zhang S, et al. CD57-positive CD8\u2009+\u2009T cells define the response to anti-programmed cell death protein-1 immunotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. NPJ Precis Oncol. 2024;8(1):25.","journal-title":"NPJ Precis Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"542_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2024.2367777","volume":"13","author":"BLC Kinney","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kinney BLC, Brammer B, Kansal V, Parrish CJ, Kissick HT, Liu Y, et al. CD28-CD57\u2009+\u2009T cells from head and neck cancer patients produce high levels of cytotoxic granules and type II interferon but are not senescent. Oncoimmunology. 2024;13(1):2367777.","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"542_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-024-00487-4","volume":"21","author":"C Gonnin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gonnin C, Leemans M, Canoui-Poitrine F, Lebraud M, Corneau A, Roquebert L, et al. CD57(+) EMRA CD8(+) T cells in cancer patients over 70: associations with prior chemotherapy and response to anti-PD-1\/PD-L1 therapy. Immun Ageing. 2024;21(1):89.","journal-title":"Immun Ageing"},{"key":"542_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104056","volume":"80","author":"Z Nehme","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nehme Z, Pasquereau S, Haidar Ahmad S, El Baba R, Herbein G. Polyploid giant cancer cells, EZH2 and Myc upregulation in mammary epithelial cells infected with high-risk human cytomegalovirus. EBioMedicine. 2022;80:104056.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"542_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15204994","author":"F Bouezzedine","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bouezzedine F, El Baba R, Haidar Ahmad S, Herbein G. Polyploid giant cancer cells generated from human cytomegalovirus-infected prostate epithelial cells. Cancers (Basel). 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15204994.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"7","key":"542_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-024-00767-7","volume":"31","author":"J Guyon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guyon J, Haidar Ahmad S, El Baba R, Le Quang M, Bikfalvi A, Daubon T, et al. Generation of glioblastoma in mice engrafted with human cytomegalovirus-infected astrocytes. Cancer Gene Ther. 2024;31(7):1070\u201380.","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"542_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01785-4","volume":"28","author":"D Molino","year":"2022","unstructured":"Molino D, Durier C, Radenne A, Desaint C, Ropers J, Courcier S, et al. A comparison of Sars-Cov-2 vaccine platforms: the CoviCompare project. Nat Med. 2022;28(5):882\u20134.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"542_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110441","volume":"27","author":"N Benhamouda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Benhamouda N, Besbes A, Bauer R, Mabrouk N, Gadouas G, Desaint C, et al. Cytokine profile of anti-spike CD4(+)T cells predicts humoral and CD8(+)T cell responses after anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. iScience. 2024;27(8):110441.","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"37","key":"542_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.07.005","volume":"38","author":"D Van Baarle","year":"2020","unstructured":"Van Baarle D, Bollaerts K, Del Giudice G, Lockhart S, Luxemburger C, Postma MJ, et al. Preventing infectious diseases for healthy ageing: the VITAL public-private partnership project. Vaccine. 2020;38(37):5896\u2013904.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"542_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6603","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50760-9","volume":"15","author":"M van der Heiden","year":"2024","unstructured":"van der Heiden M, Shetty S, Bijvank E, Beckers L, Cevirgel A, van Sleen Y, et al. Multiple vaccine comparison in the same adults reveals vaccine-specific and age-related humoral response patterns: an open phase IV trial. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):6603.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"}],"container-title":["Immunity &amp; Ageing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12979-025-00542-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12979-025-00542-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12979-025-00542-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T16:03:16Z","timestamp":1771862596000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12979-025-00542-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["542"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12979-025-00542-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-4933"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-4933","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The CoviCompare M and VITAL studies were approved by Comit\u00e9 De Protection des Personnes Ile De France (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04748471) and by the Medical Research Ethics Committee Utrecht (EU Clinical Trials Registration 2019\u2013000836\u201324), respectively. This study was performed according to Good Clinical Practice, the Declaration of Helsinki, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"47"}}