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All participants provided written informed consent before enrollment, and all procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and institutional ethical guidelines. Animal experiments were reviewed and approved by the Experimental Animal Center of Nantong University (Approval No. P20230224-025). All procedures complied with the Standard Operating Procedures for the Laboratory Animal Center of Nantong University and the national regulations for the administration of laboratory animals. Humane endpoints and euthanasia were conducted using isoflurane anesthesia followed by cervical dislocation, ensuring minimal suffering. All human and animal experiments were conducted following ethical principles, ensuring transparency, traceability, and compliance with relevant international and institutional guidelines.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"28"}}